Energy and Products from Agricultural Biomass: Prospects and Issues F. Larry Leistritz Donald M....
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Transcript of Energy and Products from Agricultural Biomass: Prospects and Issues F. Larry Leistritz Donald M....
Energy and Products from Energy and Products from Agricultural Biomass: Agricultural Biomass: Prospects and IssuesProspects and Issues
F. Larry LeistritzDonald M. Senechal
Nancy M. Hodur
Presented at: IAIA 2007 Conference, Seoul, KoreaJune, 2007
Department of Agribusiness and Applied EconomicsNorth Dakota State University
Renewable Fuels and Products – Renewable Fuels and Products – Reasons for Current InterestReasons for Current Interest
• High oil prices• Questions re. petroleum supply dependability• Environmental concerns re. carbon emissions• Present renewable fuel sources (grains and
oilseeds) insufficient to meet future demands
Hence, there are major incentives to develop a broader resource base and processing technologies to support a broader role for bioenergy
Short-Term Energy Outlook, February 2007
Real Gasoline Pump Price: Annual Real Gasoline Pump Price: Annual Average 1919-2008Average 1919-2008
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Cen
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Yea
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Real (2006=1) Price
Nominal Price
OPEC Oil Embargo
Potential Sources of BiomassPotential Sources of Biomass
• Agricultural residues (wheat straw, corn stover)
• Energy crops (switchgrass, poplar)
• Wood and wood waste
• Municipal solid waste
Agricultural residues are the lowest cost agricultural source of biomass
Biomass Conversion TechnologiesBiomass Conversion Technologies
• Combustion (to produce heat and/or electricity)• Gasification with conversion of syngas to liquid
fuels• Fermentation (hydrolysis of biomass to produce
sugars, followed by fermentation to ethanol and possibly other products)
Gasification and fermentation technologies have yet to be implemented commercially
The Biorefinery ConceptThe Biorefinery Concept
• Multi-product facilities processing cellulosic biomass into a variety of products
• Fuels (e.g., ethanol) will likely be the major product (based on market size)
• Production of co-products could improve the economics of biorefinery operation
• Biorefineries may be large-scale operations (biorefinery producing 50 MGY of ethanol would require 600 to 900 thousand tons of feedstock annually)
Cellulose Nanofibers Biorefinery Process Flow Diagram
Wheat Straw
Milling AFEXEnzyme
Treatment
EthanolFermentation
Cellulose Nanofibers
SizingChemical
Treatment(s)
Hemicellulose,Lignin By-Products
Ethanol Biorefinery
Integrated Cellulose Nanofibers Production Plant with an Ethanol Biorefinery Plant