Energy and LifeEnergy and Life

Autotrophs vs HeterotrophsAutotrophs vs HeterotrophsATPATPPhotosynthesisPhotosynthesisCellular RespirationCellular Respiration

AutoAutotrophic Organismstrophic Organisms

• Use Use light energylight energy to make their own food to make their own food• Provide ULTIMATE SOURCE OF Provide ULTIMATE SOURCE OF

ENERGY for all living thingsENERGY for all living things• All plants, some Protists, some bacteriaAll plants, some Protists, some bacteria

HeteroHeterotrophic trophic OrganismsOrganisms

• CANNOTCANNOT use light energy to make food use light energy to make food• Obtain food energy by Obtain food energy by CONSUMINGCONSUMING

their foodtheir food• Animals, fungi, protistsAnimals, fungi, protists

ATP and ADP: Chemical ATP and ADP: Chemical energy for cellsenergy for cells

• ATPATP::• AAdenosine denosine TTririPPhosphatehosphate

• How many phosphates How many phosphates in ATP?in ATP?

• 33; “Tri” means 3!; “Tri” means 3!• Main source of cell’s Main source of cell’s

energyenergy• ““Fully chargedFully charged” battery” battery• Energy Energy storedstored in in BONDSBONDS

btw. phosphatesbtw. phosphates

ATP and ADP: Chemical ATP and ADP: Chemical energy for cellsenergy for cells

• ADP:ADP:• AAdenosine denosine

DDiiPPhosphatehosphate• How many phosphates How many phosphates

in ADP?in ADP?• 22; “Di” means 2!; “Di” means 2!

• ADP becomes ATP by ADP becomes ATP by addingadding a P a P

• ““Half-chargedHalf-charged” battery” battery

ATP Cycle ATP Cycle http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lx9GklK0xQg&feature=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lx9GklK0xQg&feature=relatedrelated

• Energy Energy releasedreleased from ATP when it loses a from ATP when it loses a phosphate (phosphate (useuse the battery) the battery)

ATP ADP + ENERGYATP ADP + ENERGY

• Energy (FROM BREAKING DOWN Energy (FROM BREAKING DOWN GLUCOSEGLUCOSE) is ) is usedused to add a phosphate to to add a phosphate to make ATP from ADP (make ATP from ADP (chargecharge the battery) the battery)

ADP ATPADP ATP

LOSE A PHOSPHATE

ENERGY + PHOSPHATE

Photosynthesis: The Photosynthesis: The basicsbasics

• Using Using lightlight ( (photophoto) to make () to make (synthesissynthesis) ) glucoseglucose

• Occurs in Occurs in autotrophsautotrophs• In which In which organelle?organelle?

• ChloroplastsChloroplasts• Pigment:Pigment:

• Substance that has the ability to absorb light Substance that has the ability to absorb light waveswaves

• What pigment is involved in photosynthesis?What pigment is involved in photosynthesis?• ChlorophyllChlorophyll

Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis: ChlorophyllChlorophyll

• Sun emits energy in different Sun emits energy in different wavelengthswavelengths

• The The shortershorter the wavelength, the the wavelength, the more energymore energy it has it has• According to chart, which According to chart, which

wavelength is shortest?wavelength is shortest?• VIOLETVIOLET!!

• Chlorophyll Chlorophyll ABSORBS ABSORBS violetviolet, and , and REFLECTS REFLECTS greengreen!!

Photosynthesis: The Photosynthesis: The ReactionReaction

• What What reactantsreactants are needed for are needed for photosynthesis to occur?photosynthesis to occur?

• WaterWater, , COCO22, , sunlight energysunlight energy

• What are the What are the productsproducts of photosynthesis? of photosynthesis?

• GlucoseGlucose and and OO22

• The Formula:The Formula:

HH22O + COO + CO22 C C66HH1212OO66 + O + O22

(WATER) + (CARBON DIOXIDE) (WATER) + (CARBON DIOXIDE) (GLUCOSE) + (OXYGEN) (GLUCOSE) + (OXYGEN)

LIGHT ENERGYLIGHT ENERGY

Photosynthesis: Guard Photosynthesis: Guard CellsCells

• Guard cellsGuard cells are located on the bottom of are located on the bottom of leavesleaves

• Guard cellsGuard cells regulate gases and water moving regulate gases and water moving in and out of the leafin and out of the leaf

• When guard cellsWhen guard cells are are openopen::• Carbon dioxide can move in freelyCarbon dioxide can move in freely• Oxygen can move out freelyOxygen can move out freely• Water can exit the leaf, without the leaf drying upWater can exit the leaf, without the leaf drying up

• During humid conditionsDuring humid conditions

• When guard cellsWhen guard cells are are closedclosed::• Photosynthesis rates slow downPhotosynthesis rates slow down• Water is kept in the leaf, to prevent water lossWater is kept in the leaf, to prevent water loss

• During dry conditionsDuring dry conditions

Draw the Guard cells Draw the Guard cells below:below:

Photosynthesis: The Photosynthesis: The SongSong

Sung to “Brother John”Sung to “Brother John”

Carbon Dioxide Carbon Dioxide (Carbon Dioxide)(Carbon Dioxide)

Add water and light Add water and light (Add water and light)(Add water and light)

Then we photosynthesize Then we photosynthesize (Then we (Then we photosynthesize)photosynthesize)

Glucose and oxygen Glucose and oxygen (Glucose and oxygen)(Glucose and oxygen)

Cellular Respiration: Cellular Respiration: The basicsThe basics

• Breaking down Breaking down glucoseglucose to make to make ATPATP• Occurs in autotrophs Occurs in autotrophs ANDAND heterotrophs heterotrophs

(all living things need to make ATP!)(all living things need to make ATP!)• In which In which organelleorganelle??

• MitochondriaMitochondria!!

• Occurs in different pathwaysOccurs in different pathways• Depends on presence of Depends on presence of OxygenOxygen

Cellular Respiration: Cellular Respiration: AerobicAerobic

• Occurs in Occurs in mitochondriamitochondria in the presence of in the presence of oxygenoxygen

• What are the What are the reactantsreactants??• Glucose (CGlucose (C66HH1212OO66)) and and Oxygen (OOxygen (O22))

• The process:The process:• Starts with Starts with ADPADP already in cells already in cells• Energy Energy releasedreleased from from glucoseglucose attachesattaches a a

phosphatephosphate to make to make ATPATP!!

• What are the end products?What are the end products?• 32 ATP (energy),32 ATP (energy), COCO22, H, H22OO

Cellular Respiration: The Cellular Respiration: The ReactionReaction

CC66HH1212OO66 + O + O22 ATP + CO ATP + CO22 + H + H22OO

(GLUCOSE) + (OXYGEN) (GLUCOSE) + (OXYGEN) (ENERGY) + (CARBON DIOXIDE) + (WATER) (ENERGY) + (CARBON DIOXIDE) + (WATER)

Cellular Respiration: Cellular Respiration: The SongThe Song

Sung to “Row, Row, Row Your Boat”Sung to “Row, Row, Row Your Boat”

Res-Res-RespirationRes-Res-Respiration

Uses OxygenUses Oxygen

To breakdown Glucose to make ATPTo breakdown Glucose to make ATP

And Carbon DioxideAnd Carbon Dioxide

Cellular Respiration: Cellular Respiration: AnaerobicAnaerobic

• What if there is a What if there is a lack of oxygenlack of oxygen? ? • Can you think of times when you aren’t Can you think of times when you aren’t

getting enough oxygen?getting enough oxygen?• During exercise!During exercise!

• Occurs in Occurs in cytoplasm instead of mitochondriacytoplasm instead of mitochondriaGLUCOSE GLUCOSE 2 PYRUVIC ACID2 PYRUVIC ACID 2 LACTIC 2 LACTIC

ACIDACID• Called Called FERMENTATIONFERMENTATION

• AnimalsAnimals = Produce = Produce Lactic AcidLactic Acid• PlantsPlants = Produce = Produce AlcoholAlcohol

• Results in Results in much lessmuch less energy produced! energy produced!