EnergyEnergy1.1. Pick up the handout.Pick up the handout.

2.2. (Not for stickers) Come up with a list (Not for stickers) Come up with a list of as many different kinds of energy as of as many different kinds of energy as

you can.you can.

1.1. Pick up the handout.Pick up the handout.2.2. (Not for stickers) Come up with a list (Not for stickers) Come up with a list

of as many different kinds of energy as of as many different kinds of energy as you can.you can.

HomeworkHomework Egg Lab Report, due Thursday!Egg Lab Report, due Thursday!

If you were gone on test day, don’t forget to If you were gone on test day, don’t forget to hand in your Test+, and set up a make-up hand in your Test+, and set up a make-up test time with me.test time with me.

Any women interested in potentially pursuing Any women interested in potentially pursuing a career in science, technology, mathematics, a career in science, technology, mathematics, or engineering, check out or engineering, check out www.maritime.eduwww.maritime.edu and click on iWILand click on iWIL

Egg Lab Report, due Thursday!Egg Lab Report, due Thursday!

If you were gone on test day, don’t forget to If you were gone on test day, don’t forget to hand in your Test+, and set up a make-up hand in your Test+, and set up a make-up test time with me.test time with me.

Any women interested in potentially pursuing Any women interested in potentially pursuing a career in science, technology, mathematics, a career in science, technology, mathematics, or engineering, check out or engineering, check out www.maritime.eduwww.maritime.edu and click on iWILand click on iWIL

ObjectivesObjectives

Distinguish between bonds forming and breaking in terms of energy acquisition or release.

Distinguish between ATP and glucose in terms of their utility to the cell.

Know the chemical formula for glucose. Recognize the basic atomic structure of

monosaccharides and polysaccharides. Identify the most common chemical elements that

make up carbohydrates.

Distinguish between bonds forming and breaking in terms of energy acquisition or release.

Distinguish between ATP and glucose in terms of their utility to the cell.

Know the chemical formula for glucose. Recognize the basic atomic structure of

monosaccharides and polysaccharides. Identify the most common chemical elements that

make up carbohydrates.

EnergyEnergy

The subject of our next unit is energy - The subject of our next unit is energy - how cells get it, store it, use it.how cells get it, store it, use it. First: Learn what is energy, and what are First: Learn what is energy, and what are

the main things that cells use to store it.the main things that cells use to store it.What What isis energy? energy?

The subject of our next unit is energy - The subject of our next unit is energy - how cells get it, store it, use it.how cells get it, store it, use it. First: Learn what is energy, and what are First: Learn what is energy, and what are

the main things that cells use to store it.the main things that cells use to store it.What What isis energy? energy?

EnergyEnergy

What are some different kinds of What are some different kinds of energy? Anything that you can think of!energy? Anything that you can think of!

What are some different kinds of What are some different kinds of energy? Anything that you can think of!energy? Anything that you can think of!

EnergyEnergy

Energy is the quality of being able to do Energy is the quality of being able to do work.work. It’s not a physical thing like an atom, but It’s not a physical thing like an atom, but

like atoms, energy can’t be made or like atoms, energy can’t be made or destroyed. It can only be transferred from destroyed. It can only be transferred from one place to another.one place to another.

Energy is the quality of being able to do Energy is the quality of being able to do work.work. It’s not a physical thing like an atom, but It’s not a physical thing like an atom, but

like atoms, energy can’t be made or like atoms, energy can’t be made or destroyed. It can only be transferred from destroyed. It can only be transferred from one place to another.one place to another.

EnergyEnergy

In microbiology, it’s all about chemical In microbiology, it’s all about chemical energy.energy.Chemical energy: the quality of being Chemical energy: the quality of being

able to arrange or rearrange atomsable to arrange or rearrange atoms..

In microbiology, it’s all about chemical In microbiology, it’s all about chemical energy.energy.Chemical energy: the quality of being Chemical energy: the quality of being

able to arrange or rearrange atomsable to arrange or rearrange atoms..

Chemical EnergyChemical EnergyMaking a bond takes energy. Breaking a Making a bond takes energy. Breaking a

bond releases energy.bond releases energy.

This means that there’s energy humming in every This means that there’s energy humming in every chemical bond, the same energy that was used to chemical bond, the same energy that was used to make that bond.make that bond.

And if a chemical bond is broken, that energy is And if a chemical bond is broken, that energy is released.released.

You’ll find that all living cells use this to their You’ll find that all living cells use this to their advantage! They use chemicals like advantage! They use chemicals like rechargeable batteries.rechargeable batteries.

Making a bond takes energy. Breaking a Making a bond takes energy. Breaking a bond releases energy.bond releases energy.

This means that there’s energy humming in every This means that there’s energy humming in every chemical bond, the same energy that was used to chemical bond, the same energy that was used to make that bond.make that bond.

And if a chemical bond is broken, that energy is And if a chemical bond is broken, that energy is released.released.

You’ll find that all living cells use this to their You’ll find that all living cells use this to their advantage! They use chemicals like advantage! They use chemicals like rechargeable batteries.rechargeable batteries.

Chemical EnergyChemical Energy

When we’re talking about chemical When we’re talking about chemical energy, we’re really talking about… energy, we’re really talking about… food!food!

Many ways of classifying organisms. Many ways of classifying organisms. One is whether they One is whether they makemake their own their own food, or whether they food, or whether they getget their food from their food from somewhere else.somewhere else.

When we’re talking about chemical When we’re talking about chemical energy, we’re really talking about… energy, we’re really talking about… food!food!

Many ways of classifying organisms. Many ways of classifying organisms. One is whether they One is whether they makemake their own their own food, or whether they food, or whether they getget their food from their food from somewhere else.somewhere else.

Latin/Greek Word PartsLatin/Greek Word Parts

Auto: SelfAuto: Self

Hetero: DifferentHetero: Different

Auto: SelfAuto: Self

Hetero: DifferentHetero: Different

Food!Food!

AutotrophsAutotrophs Autotrophs make their own food.Autotrophs make their own food.

HeterotrophsHeterotrophs Heterotrophs get their food from different Heterotrophs get their food from different

sources.sources.

AutotrophsAutotrophs Autotrophs make their own food.Autotrophs make their own food.

HeterotrophsHeterotrophs Heterotrophs get their food from different Heterotrophs get their food from different

sources.sources.

One more new word:One more new word:

Metabolism: The chemical reactions Metabolism: The chemical reactions that cells do in order to maintain life.that cells do in order to maintain life. Metabolism includes obtaining energy, Metabolism includes obtaining energy, storing energy, and using energy.storing energy, and using energy.

Metabolism: The chemical reactions Metabolism: The chemical reactions that cells do in order to maintain life.that cells do in order to maintain life. Metabolism includes obtaining energy, Metabolism includes obtaining energy, storing energy, and using energy.storing energy, and using energy.

Why is this important to know about cells?Why is this important to know about cells?

Energy is the ability to do work.Energy is the ability to do work. What are things that cells would be unable to What are things that cells would be unable to

do without energy?do without energy? Important to future units too! Energy is a Important to future units too! Energy is a driving driving

forceforce. The struggle to obtain the energy to . The struggle to obtain the energy to reproduce drives evolution. Ecology is about how reproduce drives evolution. Ecology is about how organisms interact with their environment to get organisms interact with their environment to get energy, and how that leads them to interact with energy, and how that leads them to interact with each other. And these struggles and interactions each other. And these struggles and interactions are the reason why there is this diversity of life on are the reason why there is this diversity of life on Earth.Earth.

Energy is the ability to do work.Energy is the ability to do work. What are things that cells would be unable to What are things that cells would be unable to

do without energy?do without energy? Important to future units too! Energy is a Important to future units too! Energy is a driving driving

forceforce. The struggle to obtain the energy to . The struggle to obtain the energy to reproduce drives evolution. Ecology is about how reproduce drives evolution. Ecology is about how organisms interact with their environment to get organisms interact with their environment to get energy, and how that leads them to interact with energy, and how that leads them to interact with each other. And these struggles and interactions each other. And these struggles and interactions are the reason why there is this diversity of life on are the reason why there is this diversity of life on Earth.Earth.

Cell BatteriesCell Batteries

Cells use different chemicals as Cells use different chemicals as “batteries.”“batteries.” Lipids are one kind of very long-term Lipids are one kind of very long-term

batterybatteryMacromolecule Table: Lipids Function #2: Macromolecule Table: Lipids Function #2:

“Store Energy.”“Store Energy.”

Cells use different chemicals as Cells use different chemicals as “batteries.”“batteries.” Lipids are one kind of very long-term Lipids are one kind of very long-term

batterybatteryMacromolecule Table: Lipids Function #2: Macromolecule Table: Lipids Function #2:

“Store Energy.”“Store Energy.”

Cell BatteriesCell Batteries

Cells use different chemicals as Cells use different chemicals as “batteries.”“batteries.” Carbohydrates are another long-term Carbohydrates are another long-term

storage “chemical battery.”storage “chemical battery.”Use textbook, make notes about what you think Use textbook, make notes about what you think

goes in the different macromolecule table goes in the different macromolecule table boxes for Carbohydrates.boxes for Carbohydrates.

Don’t fill out the table yet! We’ll confirm Don’t fill out the table yet! We’ll confirm afterwards that you succeeded in your search.afterwards that you succeeded in your search.

Cells use different chemicals as Cells use different chemicals as “batteries.”“batteries.” Carbohydrates are another long-term Carbohydrates are another long-term

storage “chemical battery.”storage “chemical battery.”Use textbook, make notes about what you think Use textbook, make notes about what you think

goes in the different macromolecule table goes in the different macromolecule table boxes for Carbohydrates.boxes for Carbohydrates.

Don’t fill out the table yet! We’ll confirm Don’t fill out the table yet! We’ll confirm afterwards that you succeeded in your search.afterwards that you succeeded in your search.

Macromolecule Table CARBOHYDRATES:

Shape: (Leave it blank this time. They can have nearly any shape.)

Biochemistry: CnH2nOn

Types: Sugars (like glucose), starches (Skip key locations for now) Uses: Store energy

Cell “Batteries”

Two main chemical “batteries” cells use. Glucose

A big battery, used to store energy. Stores 90 times as much energy as ATP, but getting there is harder.

ATP A small battery, used to transfer energy. Easy to

recharge and easy to get energy from, but it doesn’t store as much as glucose.

Glucose

Glucose = simple carbohydrate. Carbohydrates are the next of our four macromolecules.

You must know glucose’s chemical symbol:

Glucose = C6H12O6

Six carbons, twelve hydrogens, six oxygens.

Glucose

Food for life! C6H12O6

Glucose

C_H_O_

Glucose

Mono- vs. Poly-

Carbohydrates divided into polysaccharides and monosaccharides.

Monosaccharide = basic unit of a carbohydrate, a simple sugar with the formula CnH2nOn

Examples: Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Mono- vs. Poly-

Polysaccharide = A complex sugar made of two or more monosaccharides bonded together Examples: Starch, cellulose, glycogen

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Mono- vs. Poly-

Latin/Greek Word Parts Table Mono = “One”

Poly = “Many”

(As we’ll learn in anatomy later, the digestive system breaks polysaccharides down into monosaccharides to transport to cells, and puts monosaccharides together into polysaccharides for storage.)

Cell “Batteries”

Cells use both. ATP is like loose change. Glucose is like a $100 bill. ATP is used for small transactions, or for ones that need to

be quick. Glucose is the #1 cell food source.

When we talk about “food” in this unit, we’re almost always going to be talking about glucose. Food = glucose.

Cell “Batteries” - ATP

ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. The way that it works has to do with

making and breaking its bonds, so we need to know one basic thing about what it’s made of.

ATP ATP = Adenosine triphosphate. It’s

called that because ATP has 3 phosphates.

ATP ATP stores energy in the bond between

its last and second-to-last phosphate groups. To release that energy, the bond is broken…

Subtract phosphate to release energy.

ATP & ADP …and now it’s not adenosine

TRIphosphate anymore, it’s adenosine DIphosphate, or ADP. To store energy, do the reverse!

ADP = 2 phosphates. Add phosphate to store energy.

Checkpoint What is energy? Breaking a bond __ energy, forming a bond ___ energy. What’s different about carbohydrates compared to lipids?

What’s the difference between monosaccharides and polysaccharides?

What’s the chemical that is a cell’s food, that stores large amounts of energy? Is it a monosaccharide or a polysaccharide? What is its chemical formula?

What’s the chemical that is a cell’s little battery, quickly storing small amounts of energy? How do you get that little battery to release energy? How do you “recharge” it and use it to store energy again?