ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS

Daniel Fernandez & Miguel Haro 3A 2011-12

ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS

CONVENTIONAL ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS

Nuclear power plants

Fossil fuels thermal power plants

Hydroelectric power plants

NON-CONVENTIONAL ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS

Wind power plants & wind farms

Solar power plants

Geothermal power plants

Biomass thermal power plants

Ocean power palnts

Fresh water produced by wind turbine

INDEX

CONVENTIONAL ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS

Nuclear energy is carry out thanks to the spliting of

uranium atoms. In the fussion proces a lot of heat is

relased, this heat is transformed in vapour steam wich moves a turbine, this movement produces electricity.

NUCLEAR ENERGY

NUCLEAR ENERGY- POWER PLANTS PARTS

NUCLEAR ENERGY- POWER PLANTS PARTS

Containment building: It contains the nuclear reactor, where nuclear fission takes place. It is a very safety building beacause it is made of concrete.

Transformer: It is not in the nuclear power plant, but it is an important part.

Cooling tower: In this part of the plant the steam is cooled falling to the bottom of the tower in liquid form.

They do not release contamining gases into the atmosphere, this means they do not contribute to the greenhouse effect.

They are very powerful plants; uranium release a lot of heat, consequently turbines move faster and more electricity is produced.

NUCLEAR ENERGY-ADVANTAGES

When a nuclear accident is produced results are catastrophics. Examples: Fukushima, Japan and Chernobil, Russia.

They are very expensive plants to build.

Uranium radioactivity released remains thousands of years.

NUCLEAR ENERGY-DISADVANTAGES

THERMAL ENERGY

THERMAL ENERGY

Thermal power is carried out by heating fossil fuels in a

boiler, where a water tank is. The heat produced turn

the water into gas state, this gas moves a turbine

connected to a generator. The kinetic energy of the

turbine is transformed into energy by the generator

Boiler: it is a concrete building where the water container is located and where the fossil fuels are burned and transform the water into steam.

Transformer: It is not in the nuclear power plant, but it is an important part.

Cooling tower: In this part of the plant the steam is cooled falling to the bottom of the tower in liquid form.

THERMAL ENERGY- POWER PLANTS PARTS

The fuel used is quite cheap.

It can be installed at any place refering to the existence of coal. The coal can be transported where the plant is by rail or road.

It requires less space compared to other types of power plants

THERMAL POWER PLANTS-ADVANTAGES

It pollutes the atmosphere due to production of large amount of smoke and fumes.

If an accident in this plant occurs the consequenses will be catastrophics due to great fires.

THERMAL POWER PLANTS-DISADVANTAGES

This type of energy uses the huge power produced by

the water stored in dams and reservoirs, converting the

movement of turbines, moved by the water, into

electricity.

HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY

Inexhaustible fuel source.

Minimal environmental impact.

Viable source, high energy levels.

Completely clean type of energy.

HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY-ADVANTAGES

Smaller models depend on availability of fast flowing streams or rivers.

The construction of these plants can impact in the mobility of the biodiversity of the ecosystem (fishes, aquatic invertebrates...).

HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY-DISADVANTAGES

NON-CONVENTIONAL ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS

WIND ENERGY

WIND ENERGY

This type of energy uses the kinetic energy produced by the wind to make the blades of a rotor move, which are located at the top of a tower, the wind turbine. This turbine transforms the movement of the turbine into electricity.

Once the wind turbine is built the energy it produces does not cause greenhouse gases or other pollutants.

Although wind turbines can be very tall each takes up only a small plot of land.

Wind turbines can be established in both developed and developing countries.

WIND ENERGY-ADVANTAGES

Wind farms are a clean form of generating electricity, but they can only be installed in places with appropriate wind conditions.

The strength of the wind is not constant.

When wind turbines are manufactured some pollution is produced.

WIND ENERGY-DISADVANTAGES

SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR ENERGY

Solar power is energy from the sun and without its presence all life on earth would end. Solar energy has been an important source of energy for many years because of the vast amounts of energy that are made freely available.

SOLAR ENERGY-POWER PLANTS

SOLAR ENERGY-POWER PLANTS

There are two main types of solar power plants:

Photo-thermal power plant: in this type of power plant, the heat generated by solar radiation produces steam that is used to move the rotor in the generator.

Photovoltaic power plant: in these power plants, solar radiation is transformed directly into electricity by panels of photovoltaic cells.

Solar energy is free although there is a cost in the building of collectors and other equipment.

Solar energy does not cause pollution.

It is estimated that the worlds oil reserves will last for 30 to 40 years. On the other hand, solar energy is infinite.

SOLAR ENERGY-ADVANTAGES

Solar energy can only be used when it is daytime and sunny.

Large areas of land are required to capture the sun energy.

Solar collectors, panels and cells are relatively expensive to manufacture.

SOLAR ENERGY-DISADVANTAGES

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Geothermal energy is energy derived from the heat of the earth. The earths centre is a distance of approximately 4500 kilometres and is so hot that it is molten. Temperatures are around 5000 degrees centigrade.

Geothermal energy may be used for hot water and heating or for the heat which generates steam, which produces electricity.

Geothermal energy generally involves low costs because it saves 80% costs over fossil fuels and no fuel is used to generate the power.

Geothermal energy has helped in reducing global warming and pollution.

On the other hand geothermal energy has created many jobs for the local people.

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY-ADVANTAGES

This type of energy is not very used becuase of the unavailability of equipment, staff, infrastructure...

To get geothermal energy, it requires installation of power plants, to get steam from deep of the earth and this requires huge investments.

Geothermal sites can run out of steam over a period of time due to drop in temperature.

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY-DISADVANTAGES

uses.

BIOMASS ENERGY

BIOMASS ENERGY

Biomass consists of all organic compounds that are produced through natural processes which come from forestry and agricultural waste and waste from agri-food industries. It is subjected to different physical and chemical processes in order to produce fuel such as charcoal, alcohol and biogas.

This type of fuel is burnt at biomass power plants. The steam that is generated moves the turbine.

The waste used in these types of plants has no other potential.

Theoretically, it is an inexhaustible fuel source.

Alcohols and other fuels produced by biomass are efficient, viable, and relatively clean-burning.

Available throughout the world.

BIOMASS ENERGY-ADVANTAGES

It contributes to the global warming and particulate pollution because of burning fuels.

It is an expensive type of energy, in terms of producing the biomass and converting it to alcohols.

In the process some energy is lost.

BIOMASS ENERGY-DISADVANTAGES

OCEAN ENERGY

OCEAN ENERGY

This type of energy uses the energy from the seas and the oceans. It uses three types of energy from the sea:

The mechanical energy from the tides.

The mechanical energy from the waves.

The energy from the oceans thermal gradient.

This type of energy is still in the experimental phase and their level of production is still very low, however in recent years is being a world leader in innovative renewable energy.

Apart from the initial installation cost, tidal power is free.

Tidal energy doesnt produce greenhouse gases or any other kind of pollution.

It doesnt require any types of fuels.

Electricity is produced easily.

OCEAN ENERGY-ADVANTAGES

The environment is changed for many kilometres upstream and downstream.

Tides provide power for only 10 hours each day, when the tide is actually moving in or out.

There are only a few suitable sites for tidal barrages.

OCEAN ENERGY-DISADVANTAGES

Fresh water produced by wind turbine-summary

A company called Eole Water have created a new revolutionary type of wind turbine, the WMS1000. It is an appliance that can produce drinking water from humid air. You will think, and how can a wind turbine produce fresh water from the air? It s quite easy. There are only some steps to follow: First, you have to introduce into the turbine air by a device known as an "air blower". Then, all air picked during this process is collected through an electric cooling compressor. This apparatus extracts humidity from the air, creating moisture which is condensed and collected, producing water.

Fresh water produced by wind turbine-our opinion

From our point of view, it could be a fabulous form to create drink water because it favors the climate and the environment. The most important fact is that, it will permit poor, arid regions, where water is scarce, to obtain drink water easily and in abundance. It can produce 1000 liters of water every day, which means that can satisfy over 3000 thousands of people a day, so it will permit small villages to have water for all the population. It isnt very expensive when you compare it with the solutions that it gives. Thanks to social organizations which help the economy of poor regions, it wont be difficult to install one of these turbines in some countries. We think that is the perfect solution to solve the problems that have poor countries.

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