Energi Terbarukan Energi Demand-supply

8/14/2019 Energi Terbarukan Energi Demand-supply

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ENERGY CHALLENGES


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ENERGY CHALLENGES


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ENERGY CHALLENGES

ld i


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BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2007

World primary energyconsumption

i l i


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Regional primary energyconsumption pattern 2006

i


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Primary energyconsumption per capita


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World Energy Demand


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World Energy Demand (bytype)


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Consumption Growth


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World Energy Demand (byregion)


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Driving force 1


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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Gdp-energy-efficiency.jpg


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Energy Intensity
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/95/Energy_Intensity.png


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Driving force 2 : Population


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Oil section

M f d il


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Map of proved oil reservesat end 2006


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reserves 1986, 1996 and

2006


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Oil production by area

Oil reserves to production


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Oil reserves-to-production(R/P) ratios


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Oil consumption by area


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Consumption growth

Global oil consumptiongrew by 1.1% in 2007.Consumption growthwas robust in oil-

exporting countries.


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Crude oil prices since 1861


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Major oil trade movements


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Natural gas section

Proved natural gas reserves


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Proved natural gas reservesat end 2006


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(natural gas) reserves 1986,

1996 and 2006

Natural gas production by


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Natural gas production byarea

Natural gas reserves to


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Natural gas reserves-to-production (R/P) ratios

Natural gas consumption by


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Natural gas consumption byarea

Natural gas consumption


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Natural gas consumptionper capita

Major natural gas trade


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Major natural gas trademovements


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Coal section

Proved coal reserves at end


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Proved coal reserves at end2006

Coal production Coal


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Coal production Coalconsumption


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production (R/P) ratios at

end 2006


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Nuclear energy section

Nuclear energy


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Nuclear energyconsumption by area


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Hydroelectricity section

Hydroelectricity


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Hydroelectricityconsumption by area


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Solar electricity capacity


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Solar electricity capacity

Growth averaged 42% pa over the

past 10 years at that rate solar

capacity doubles every two years.


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Geothermal

The slowest growing renewable energy in2008.

Geothermal capacity grew by 4.2% (422MW) in 2008, to reach 10.4 GW.

New plants coming on stream in the US,Iceland, Indonesia, New Zealand, Turkeyand Kenya.

The US has the largest geothermalcapacity (3 GW or 28.6% of the worldtotal), followed by the Philippines (2GW),Mexico and Indonesia (1 GW each).

Geothermal capacity


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Geothermalcapacity

Megawatts 2006 2007 2008

US 2830.7 2936.5 2998.5

Philippines 1978.0 1978.0 1978.0

Indonesia 872.5 982.5 1042.5

Mexico 959.5 959.5 964.5

Italy 810.5 810.5 810.5

New Zealand 434.0 471.6 586.6Kenya 422.1 485.5 573.0

Total 9675.3 100


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WIND ENERGY

Wind capacity


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Wind capacity

Megawatts 2006 2007 2008

US 11635 16879 25237

Germany 20652 22277 23933

Spain 11614 14714 16543

China 2588 5875 12121

India 6228 7845 9655

Total 74306 9


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ETHANOL ENERGY


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BIODIESEL ENERGY (US)

BIODIESEL ENERGY


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BIODIESEL ENERGY(WORLD)


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Decarbonization


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Energi Terbarukan Energi Demand-supply

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