EnerFuel EV Range Extender

22
Fuel Cells as EV Range Extenders: A Near-Term Fuel Cell Solution 1501 Northpoint Parkway, Suite 101 West Palm Beach, FL 33407 (561) 868-6720
  • date post

    12-Sep-2014
  • Category

    Documents

  • view

    23
  • download

    7

description

Provides a general overview of EnerFuel\'s fuel cell electric vehicle range extender

Transcript of EnerFuel EV Range Extender

Page 1: EnerFuel EV Range Extender

Fuel Cells as EV Range Extenders:A Near-Term Fuel Cell Solution

1501 Northpoint Parkway, Suite 101West Palm Beach, FL 33407

(561) 868-6720

Page 2: EnerFuel EV Range Extender

2

EnerDel is the only company in the USA with the

capability in place to produce large

lithium ion batteries on a mass scale.

EnerFuel is developing

technologies and products that advance the

performance of fuel cells and enable

increased applicability to near

term markets.

NanoEner is developing new,

cutting-edge methods of material deposition and thin

films using Nanotechnology.

Enertech is the 3rd largest Li-Ion

battery producer in Korea. EnerTech ensures the cost of prodution for Li-Ion

batteries are competitive.

Ener1 Family

EnerDel Japan is working on

material & cell chemistry &

manufacturing processing for

lithium batteries.

Indianapolis,Indiana USA

West Palm Beach, Florida USA

Chungju, South Korea

Fort Lauderdale, Florida USAJapan

EnerDel is developing Lithium Ion batteries to improve the cost and performance of electric vehicles.

Ener 1 is the Group HeadNasdaq: HEV

Worldwide HQ:New York, New York USA

European HQ:Paris, France

Page 3: EnerFuel EV Range Extender

3

• Reduces required fuel cell nominal power

• Reduces required battery size• Eliminates fuel cell transient

operation• Reduces fuel cell required

start-up time

Unique Mix of Technologies Enables Fuel Cell Range Extender

EV Range Extender

HT-PEM Fuel CellHigh efficiency powerHigh energy density

BatteryImmediate powerElectrical energy

storage

Fuel ReformerEliminates need for hydrogen infrastructure

Eliminates reformer transient operationReduces required

reformer size

Eliminates reformate clean-up, Reduces reformer cost

Page 4: EnerFuel EV Range Extender

4

Small Fuel Tank

Fuel Processor

*

HT-PEM Fuel Cell Battery

Vehicle Propulsio

n

EV Range Extender

GasolineDieselE-85E-100MethanolBiodieselBiobutanolDME(others)

Electric Vehicle Vision

Fuels other than Hydrogen can be used

GridOpportunity Charging Stations

Opportunity: EV Range Extender produces no toxic emissions.Battery can be charged by fuel cell while vehicle is parked.

Opportunity: EV Range Extender produces no toxic emissions.Battery can be charged by fuel cell while vehicle is parked.

Page 5: EnerFuel EV Range Extender

5

Types of EV Range Extenders

1kW 3kW 10kW

Climate Control / Idle Charge Assisting Charge Sustaining

Cli

mate

Con

trol

/ Id

le •1-3kW fuel cell•Partial range extension

•Cabin heating and cooling

•Battery protection

Ch

arg

e A

ssis

tin

g •3-10kW fuel cell•Range extension

•Cabin heating and cooling

•Battery protection

Ch

arg

e S

ust

ain

ing •>10kW fuel cell

•Unlimited range extension

•Cabin heating and cooling

•Battery protection

Page 6: EnerFuel EV Range Extender

6

2008 EnerFuel Developed Range Extended EV

95mph max speed

8sec, 0 - 60mph (97kph)

Specification Li-Ion Fuel Cell

Energy Content 20kWh 20kWh

Max Power 80kW (for 10sec) 3kW (continuous)

Weight 200kg (Actual) 80kg (Actual)

Cost $15,000 ($750/kWh)

$5,250 ($1,750/kW or $263/kWh)

Page 7: EnerFuel EV Range Extender

7

HT-PEM Fuel Cell Module Reduces BOP

Air

Anode

Cathode

H2

Blower / Compressor

Cooling Fan

Gen 2.0 fuel cell module undergoing testing Reactant humidification and cooling system.Radiator much larger than for Piston Engine

HT-PEM LT-PEM

EnerFuel’s HT-PEM Fuel Cell Module Doesn’t Need:• Reactant humidification• Coolant loop / Coolant pumps • Radiator

Page 8: EnerFuel EV Range Extender

8

BOP and Stack Cost in the System

System Power

Ove

rall

Sys

tem

Co

st

% Stack

% BOP

BOP costs are a higher proportion of system weight, size and cost as fuel cell power is decreased.

Page 9: EnerFuel EV Range Extender

9

Reduction of BOP Impacts Costs of Lower Power Fuel Cells

500,000 unit annual production of 80kW system

Source: “Cost Analysis of PEM Fuel Cell Systems for Transportation” NREL/SR-560-39104

Percentage of Automotive System Cost

80KW System 5 KW System

500,000 unit annual production of 5kW system

Source: Estimation based on 80KW system

Percentage of Automotive System Cost

= BOP components eliminated in HT-PEM fuel cell (24% of total cost)

Page 10: EnerFuel EV Range Extender

10

Energy Density of Potential Fuels

4.4

5.9

7.7

9.0

9.9

2.41.9

0.9

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

Methanol Ethanol Butanol Conventionalgasoline

U.S.conventional

diesel

Hydrogen5kpsig

Hydrogen10kpsig

LiquidHydrogen

kWh

th/L

Page 11: EnerFuel EV Range Extender

11

HT-PEM Allows Reformer Integration

Typical Hydrogen Fuel Cell System

Hydrogen

The Problem

Requires Hydrogen Infrastructure

LT-PEM Fuel Cell

Previous Reformer-based Fuel Cell System

Energy

Traditional Fuel

LT-PEM Fuel Cell

Energy

H2

Reformer(Separates Hydrogen)

CO Remov

al

H2H2+CO CO Removal is:• Too Expensive• Too Heavy• Too Complicated• Too Large

Long Start-up Time(5-15 min)

EnerFuel System

Traditional Fuel

EnerFuel HT-PEM Fuel Cell

EnergyReformer(Separates Hydrogen)

H2+COUses Existing Fuel Infrastructure, CO Removal is not necessary

The Solution

The Problem

Page 12: EnerFuel EV Range Extender

12

• HT-PEM has much lower susceptibility to CO poisoning than LT-PEM

• Allows for simplified and low cost integration with reformers

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 2200

20

40

60

80

100

Relative Activity for Fuels with a Range of CO Levels

Temperature (°C)

Re

lati

ve

Ac

tiv

ity

of

Fu

el C

ell

Ele

ctr

od

e (

%)

10

0 %

= F

ull

Av

aila

ble

Ac

tiv

ity

0.002%

0.01%

0.1%

0.5%

10%

5.0%

1.0%

3.0%

16%

Source: Q. Lietal /Progress in Polymer Science 34 (2009) 449–477

LT-PEM Op. Temp

EnerFuelHT-PEM

Operating Temp

EnerFuel Can Tolerate CO in Reformed Hydrogen

Page 13: EnerFuel EV Range Extender

13

Electric Vehicle Usage Model

TRIP

Here

There

Daily CommuteConsists of a series of trips

Page 14: EnerFuel EV Range Extender

14

Inputs to Monte Carlo* Analysis

14

  Min Median Max

Average Trip Length (mi [km]) 1 [1.6] 10 [16.1] 50 [80.5]

Average Trip Vehicle Speed (mph, [kph]) 15 [24.1] 45 [72.4] 50 [80.5]

Number of Trips per Day 2 4 10

Average Time Between Immediate Trips (h) 0.5 3 8

Vehicle Average Driving Energy Consumption (Wh/mi [Wh/km]) 100 [62] 200 [124] 350 [217]

*Monte Carlo Analysis runs a large number of scenarios to determine the likelihood of potential outcomes.

Page 15: EnerFuel EV Range Extender

15

Vehicle Energy Needs

TRIPEV

HereThere

EV

Daily CommuteConsists of a series of trips

4.4kWh average trip energy10kWh battery can power 97% of trips

23kWh average commute energy

Page 16: EnerFuel EV Range Extender

16

1 3 5 100

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

4.7

14.2

23.7

47.4

1.9

5.7

9.5

18.9

Average Energy Provided by FC (kWh) 97% Confidence Level

Fuel Cell Power (kW)

En

erg

y C

on

trib

uti

on

by

Fu

el

Ce

ll f

or

Da

ily

Co

mm

ute

(k

Wh

)

Fuel Cell Adds Range and Could Reduce Battery Pack Size

On average, a 5kW fuel cell stack would add 20kWh of range to the daily commute

A 5kW fuel cell stack could reduce battery pack size by 9kWh with minimal risk of adversely affecting vehicle driving range

Page 17: EnerFuel EV Range Extender

17

Fuel Cell Reduces Probability of Needing to Charge During Day

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 110%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

37%

51%

71%

84%

96%

52%

63%

79%

89%

97%

Probability FC + Battery Will Fulfill Daily Commute Energy Needs

20kWh Battery 15kWh Battery

Fuel Cell System Power Output (kW)

20kWh Battery Only

15kWh Battery Only

Page 18: EnerFuel EV Range Extender

18

Vehicle EfficiencyEfficiency Definitions:

consumed gasoline of gallons

driven milesEfficiency Perceived

consumedenergy electrical eq. gasolineconsumed gasoline of gallons

driven milesEfficiency Vehicle

= 91mpg2.6 L/100km

= 72mpg 3.3 L/100km

Page 19: EnerFuel EV Range Extender

19

Fuel Cell Lowers EV Driving Range Cost

Assuming 200Wh/mi average drive energy consumption, reformer based 5kW FC system at $1750/kW, battery cost is $750/kWh.

100

219

171$15,000

$23,764

$16,639

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

20kWh Battery 20kWh Battery + 5kW FC10kWh Battery + 5kW FC

Avg

. Veh

icle

Ran

ge

(mi)

$0

$5,000

$10,000

$15,000

$20,000

$25,000

Po

wer

pla

nt

Pri

ce (

$)

Avg. Vehicle Range (mi) Powerplant Price

Page 20: EnerFuel EV Range Extender

20

<10kW System Enables Related Applications

Stationary, Backup Power,

microCHP

E-Bikes

MaterialHandlingTelecommunications

Related Applications Drive Economies of Scale

<10kWFuel Cell

<10kWFuel Cell

Page 21: EnerFuel EV Range Extender

21

Conclusions

1. The use of Charge Assisting (3-10kW) fuel cell systema. Provides significant increase on daily vehicle driving rangeb. Reduces the capital cost associated with EV driving rangec. Improves customer satisfaction (reduction of range anxiety)

2. Fuel Cell Range Extender Provides Benefits Other Than Range

a. Capacity to “run while parked”b. Climate controlc. Battery life extension

3. Systems developed in the same power level have other near-term applicationsa. Idle eliminatorsb. Backup powerc. Micro-CHPd. Material Handling

Page 22: EnerFuel EV Range Extender

Thank you

Questions and Answers

For more information please contact:

Daniel A. Betts, [email protected]

1501 Northpoint Parkway, Suite 101West Palm Beach, FL 33407

+1 (352) 258-1405