EnEmSol Presentation at MISC 20151008 Final

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MARPOL Annex VI

Regulations and

Future Compliance

Challenges

Dr Zabi BazariEnergy and Emiss ions Solu t ions

Lond on, UK

[email protected]

Presentation at MISC,

Ku ala Lump ur, Malaysia, 8 October 2015



Content

Introduction

Main regulatory developments

Key challenges

1

2

3

4 Alternative fuels and technologies

5 Conclusions



Introduction



ECA – Emissions Control Area

5

More ECAs are most likely in the future

Source: Lloyd’s Register



NOx and Sulphur Regulatory Limits

6

Sulphur limitsNOx limits



Energy Efficiency Regulation and Future Measures

7

Link between EEDI, EEOI and SEEMP [Source: Japan

submission to IMO ]

IMO Initiatives

Legislated EU-MRV [Source: LR]EEDI reduction factor

EEDI Reduction Rate (Regula tion 21)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Phase 0

(2013-2014)

Phase 1

(2015-2019)

Phase 2

(2020-2024)

Phase 3

(2025 - ..)

Reduction Rate [%]

I m p l e m e n t a t i o

n P h a s e s

Bulk carriers Gas carrier Tanker/Combi.C Container Gen./Ref. cargo

Source: Bazari Z, LRTA papers, 2012, Lloyd’s Register



Proposed IMO Data Collection, Verification and Reporting

Applicable to ships > 5000 GT.

Annual reporting with no need for voyage data declaration.

IMO number for ship ship identification purposes.

Ship’s registered owner responsible for submission of data to Administration. Responsibility of reporting remains with the ship.

Flag Administration responsible for verification of the data.

A Statement of Compliance (SOC) will be issued to the ship annually.

Port State Control will examine the SOC for enforcement.

8



Fuel Cost and Competiveness

Fuel cost is a major part of total ship operational costs.

Eco-ship concept now is a reality due to the EEDI regulations.

Eco-shipping is the ultimate objective and implies operational

efficiency as well.

Reduction of fuel consumption and CO2 has become an environmental

strategy for certain companies.

Despite the lower fuel prices these days, operational energy efficiency

is still important due to the market conditions.

9



Future Compliance Methods



Compliance Methods

Alternative fuels

Alternative Technologies

Alternative operations

11



Low Carbon and Clean Fuels

Marine distillates (beyond 2020)

Supply issue

Price issue

LNG

Biofuel

………

Nuclear

12



Low Carbon and Clean Fuel: LNG

Simultaneous reduction of:

SOx

NOx

CO2

Issues Infrastructure for bunkering

Ship economics:

o Impact on cargo capacity

o Ship initial cost

o Fuel cost

o Exposure to ECAs

No major technological issues.

13

LNG-fueled fleet (~100+ ships)

Source: ABS, Future Ready Shipping 2015



Major issues with biofuels

Supply side:

Production potential. Fuel-food competition.

Sustainability issues.

Cost: Production costs / subsidies.

Well to wheel emissions.

Land use pattern and related issues.

Technical issues: No major issue withuse of biofuels.



Key Technologies: Exhaust Gas Cleaning System

Scrubbers - SOx

SCR - NOx

Key issues:

How to integrate these systems? What would be the impact on ship

design, ship economics and life-

cycle maintenance and costs?

Main advantage: Continue with use of low-quality

cheaper fuels

15



Key Methods for EEDI Reduction

Alternative fuels (low

carbon)

Lower ship design speed

Energy efficient

technologies (eco-ship

concept)

16

NYK concept ship super ECO 2030

Fuel cell here represents

alternati ve fuels, waste heat

recovery, and hybrid

systems



Eco-Shipping: Is it possible?

Ship operational for energy efficiency.

A large number of options are available.

Slow steaming

Voyage management for reduced passage speed (Virtual Arrival).

Weather routing

Hull and engine condition improvements

Ballast and trim optimisation

…….

……..

17

Eco-ship is good but eco-shipping is better



Ship Energy Management (operation)

18ISO 50001

IMO SEEMP

Best Practice

Continuous improvement is key for eco-

shipping



Conclusions

Environmental regulations and fuel cost are major concerns of maritime

industry today.

On air emissions, SOx, NOx and CO2 regulations have set a course

that will see major changes to shipping industry in the next 10-20 years.

The role of alternative technologies and fuels has become crucial in

achieving compliance.

There are major issues (economical, technical and operational) that is

being gradually addressed to prepare shipping for a more challengingfuture.

There is a need for doubling our efforts to ensure a future-ready

shipping in particular in developing countries.

19



Any Questions?

20

EnEmSol: Dedicated to clean and sustainable marine transport

THANK YOU

EnEmSol Presentation at MISC 20151008 Final

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