HYPOTHALAMUS - GL PITUITRY

HYPOTALAMUS

PITUITRY

ADRENAL CORTEX

MAMAEBONE

THYROID GONADS

G.H

TSH ACTH FSH LH

OVARIUM TESTES

1. GROWTH HORMONE (G.H)

2. THYROID STIMULATING H (T.S.H)

3. ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC H. (ACTH)

4. PROLACTIN (PRL)

5. FOLLICLE STIMULATING. H (FSH)

6. LUTEINIZING H. (LH)

7. INTERSTITIAL CELL STIMULATING H (ICSH)

GL. PITUITRY ANTERIOR HORMONESGL. PITUITRY ANTERIOR HORMONES

1. GROWTH HORMONE RELASHING FACTOR (GHRF)

2. THYROTROPHINE RELEASING H (TRH)

3. CORTICOTROPHINE REALISING FAKTOR (CRF)

4. PROLACTIN INHIBITORY FACTOR (PIF)

4. GONADO TROPHINE RELEASING H (Gn.RF)

HYPOTHALAMUS REGULATING HORMONES

ANTERIOR PITUITRY HORMONESDEFICIENCY

- TSH : - REDUCES T4, T3 SECRETION - HYPOMETABOLISM - BRADYCARDIA

- PROLACTIN : -REDUCES GONADAL- GONADOTROPHIN SCRETION

- PREVENTS LACTATION - A MENORREA, LIBIDO - SKIM & HAIR CHANGES

- ACTH : - REDUCE GLUCOCORTICOID SCRETION - ASTHENIA, HYPOGLYCEMIA

- PALE (DECREASE MELANOSIT) - GH : PLASMA FOSFATE

ANTERIOR PITUITRY HORMONES

NORMAL : 10 kg/l

ACTIVE DURING : - GIGANTISM

- ACROMEGALY

HYPOACTIVE : DWARFISM

FUNCTION ENHANCES GROWTH

- REGULATES METABOLISM

- Na RETENTION IN TISSUE

- DIABETOGENIC, ANTI INSULIN

REGULATORYFEED BACK MECHANISM

OF THYROID HORMONES

TRH TRH TRH

T4 TSH TSH TSH T4

T3 T3 THYROXIN SINTHESIS

YODIUM MONO DIJODOTIROSIN TISSUE

TRAPPING TRIJODO (T3) THYROXIN (T4)

THYROXIN (HYPERTHYOIDY)HYPER - ACCELERATE TISSUE OXIDATION

- BODY HEAT TENSIONACTITY - TACHICARDIA - PALPITATION

- DIABETOGENIC - ANTI INSULIN INCREASE GLUCONEOGENESIS - BL CHOLESTEROL LIPOPROTEINHYPOACTIVITY : (HYPOTHYROIDY)

- DECREASE TISSUE OXIDATION- BODY HEAT LAZY, INDUVE SLEEP- BRADYCARDIA - MIXEDEMA- BL. CHOLESTEROL - B. WEIGHT- CREATIN (CONGENITAL)

THYROID FUNCTION TEST1. T4 (=THYROXIN)

2. T3 (TRIJODOTIRONIN)

T3 UPTAKE

3. FREE T4 INDEX (FT4 I)

4. FREE T3 INDEX (FT3T)

5. TSH

6. TRH

THYROID F. TEST RESULT

T4 T3 FT4I TSH

1. EUTHYROIDY N N N N

2. HYPERTHYROIDY

e.c. PITUITRY

3. HYPOTHYROIDY

e.c. PITUITRY

4. T3 THYROTOKSICOSIS N

REGULATORY FEED-BACK MECHANISMOF

ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES

STRESS HYPOTHALAMUSTRAUMA COLD CRF CRF CRFOPERATIONINFECTION

GL. PITUITRY CORTISOL CORTISOLPLASMA PLASMA

ADRENAL CORTEX

SINTHESIS OF :- GLUCOCORTICOIDS- ANDROGEN

ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES1. CORTICOSTEROIDS a. MINERAL CORTICOIDS

- ALDOSTERON N. 100 - 500 pmol/l b. GLUCOCORTICOIDS

- KORTISOL N 50 - 280 nmol/l (12.00 pm)- KORTICOSTERONE 200 - 700 nmol/l

2. ANDROGEN- DIHYDRO EPIANDRO STERONE (DHEA)- DHEA -SO4- ANDROSTENEDIONE- TESTOSTERONE- URINARY 17 OXOSTEROID

* O 20-75 umol/24 H* O 15.60 umol/24 H

ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONESFUNCTION OF :1. MINERAL CORTICOIDS - ALDOSTERONE

- Regulation of water and mineral (Na, K, Cl)2. GLUCOCORTICOIDS

- anti inflamation - reduce antibody production- antagonist insulin, gluconeogenesis- physiologie - protein anbolik exces - protein katabolik

3. ANDROGEN- Sex characteristics- Protein anabolik

ANDROGEN CIRCULATION IN WOMANSTEROID ADRENAL OVARIUM PERIPHERI1. TESTOSTERONE 25% 25% 50%

2. DIHYDRO - “ - - - 100%

3. DIHYDRO - “ - 90% 10% -

EPIANDROSTERONE

4. DHEA - SO4 98% 2% -

5. ANDROSTENEDIONE 50% 50% -

USE IN D.D. : 1. HIRSUTISM

2. POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME

3. VIRILIZING TUMOR OVARY/ADRENAL

REGULATORY FEED BACK MECHANISM

OF GONADO TROPHIC HORMONE

HYPOTHALAMUS

GL PITUITRY

TESTES OVARIUM

ADRENAL CORTEX ANDROGEN

GONADOTROPHINE HORMONES

FUNCTION

ESTROGEN : - FEMALE SEX HORMON TO PRODUCE FEMALE SEX CHARACTERS

- PROTEIN ANABOLIZER

- REGULATES MENSTRUAL CYCLE AND FERTILITY

PROGESTERON :

- REGULATES MENSTRULA CYCLE, OVULATION

- HIGH CONCENTRATION DURING PREGNANCY

BATH HORMONE ARE USED IN MIX CONCENTRATION FOR CONCENTRATION/BIRTH

CONTROL HCG (HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN ) IS PRODUCED FREGNANCY IN

THE EARLY STAGES (+ 4 DAYS & MENORRHOE AND IS EXCRETED IN THE URINE . IS THE

CONCENTRATION EXSSEDS > 2000 IN THE PREGNANCY TEST BECOMES +

TESTOSTERONE

- ANDROGEN - MALE SEX CHARACTERISTIC

- PROTEIN ANABOLIZER

- PLASMA CALSIUM NITROGEN BALANCE POSITIF

HORMONES OF NEUROHYPOPPHYSE GLAND

OXYTOCIN

ACTS ON THE UTERUS IN PARTUS

AND ON LACTATION WHEN THE BREASR IS SUKED

VASOPRESSIN

= ANTI DIURETIC HORMONE (ADH)

ADH DEVICIENCY COUSES POLY URIA AND POLYDIPSY (DIABETES INSIPIDUS)

HORMONES OF THE ADRENAL MEDULLA

ADRENALIN (EPINEPHRIN

NOR ADRENALINHYPERACTIVITY (by TUMOR : PHAEOCHROMUCYTOMA)

CAUSE : - PROGRESSIVE PAROXIMAL HYPERTENSION

- GLYCOGENESIS

- KATECHOLAMIN IN SERUM

- VMA (=VANYL MANDELIC ACID) IN URINE

OR HMMA (HYDROXI METOXY MANDELIC ACID)

IN THE URINE NORMAL : 35 mmOL/24 hour

PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA : > 50 mmol (24 hour)

ACTION :

VASOCONSTRICTION (PERIPHEAL)

IN STRESS CONDITION ADRENALIN

(TRAUMA, OPERATION, HYPERTENTION

INFECTION, STARATION, PAROXYSMAL

SEVERE

PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH)PTH WHEN PLASMA CaACTION OF PTH TO INCREASE PLASMACa

AND TO LOWER PLASMA PHOSPHABY : - ON BONES TO RELEASE Ca ==> PLASMA Ca DEPENDS ON ADEQUATE VIT D - KIDNEY : - PHOSPHATE EXCRETION - Ca REABSORPTION IN TUBULUS INDEPENDENT OF VIT.D- INTESTINE : Ca ABSORPTION

KALSITONIN (THYROID)BY : -STABILIZED PLASMA Ca CONCENTRATION - PREVENT RESORPTION OF Ca IN BONES - INCREASE Ca AND Oh SECRETION IN KIDNEY - LOWER PLASMA Ca AND Ph

PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH)REGULATES Ca - Ph METABOLISM/BALANCE

HYPERPARATHYROIDY

- BLOOD Ca - HYPERCALCEMIA

- BLOOD Ph - HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA

- URINARY Ca

- ALKALI PHOSPHATSE N/

- PTH

HYPOPARATHYROIDY

- - BLOOD Ca - HYPERCALCEMIA

- BLOOD Ph - HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA

- URINARY Ca

- ALKALI PHOSPHATSE N/

- PTH

NORMAL BLOOD PHOSPHATE : 30 - 45 mg/dl(SERUM)

URINARY PHOSPHATE : 0,7 - 1.5 mg/24 hour

CALSIUM (BLOOD, PLASMA, SERUM)- REGULATED NORMAL BY

1. THYROKALSITONIN2. VUTAMIN D3. PTH

- FUNCTION OF CALSIUM ION1. REFLEX NEUROMUSCULAR2. BLOOD CLOTING MECHANISM3. ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY4. MEMBRANE CELL PERMEABILITY

- NORMAL CONCENTRATIONBLOOD : 9 - 10.8 mg/dlURINE : 39 - 150 mg/24 hour

- DEFICIENCY Ca : TETANY

CALSIUM - PHOSPHATE IMBALANCE

HYPERCALCEMIA :

- SEVERAL BONE DISEASES

- HYPERPARATHYROIDY

- HYPERVITAMINOSIS D

- MULTIPLE MYELOMA

HYPOCALCEMIA :

- OSTEOMALACY (HYPOVITA D)

- HYPOPARATHYROIDY

- IMPAIR RENAL FUNCTION

- ACUTE PANCREATITIS

HYPERPHOSPHATEMIA :

- HYPOPARATHYROIDY

- HYPERVITA D

- CHRONIC RENAL FAILLUR

HYPOPHOSPHATTEMIA :

- HYPERPARATHYROIDY

- RICKETTS AND OSTEOMALACY

- FANCONI SYNDROME

GASTROINTESTINAL HORMONES

- GASTRIN PLASMA : 5 - 50 pmol/l IN : - ACHLORHYDRIA

- PERNICIOUS ANEMIA - ZOLLINGER ELLISON SYNDROME - PEPTIC ULCER - GASTRINOMA

-SEROTONIN ARGENTAFIN CELLS ACTION : - VASOCONTRICTION (CAPILLARY)

- MOTILY MALIGNANT CARCINOID TUMORS SEROTONIN