Anatomy and Physiology Terms. Intro. to Anatomy and Physiology.
Endocrinology: anatomy and physiology
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Jamie Ranse: Critical Care Education Coordinator, Staff Development Unit, ACT Health. Endocrinology anatomy and physiology
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Presentation to participants undertaking the: Critical Care Transition Program at ACT Health, 2008
Transcript of Endocrinology: anatomy and physiology
Jamie Ranse: Critical Care Education Coordinator, Staff Development Unit, ACT Health.
Endocrinology anatomy and physiology
• Outline endocrine function
• Outline various functions of endocrine organs:
– Pituitary gland,
– Adrenal gland,
– Thyroid gland,
– Parathyroid glands, and
– Pancreatic function.
Overview
Overview
What is the endocrine system?
• Complex system
• Coordinates and maintains a ‘steady state’
• Hormones activated by other hormones or neural impulses
• Regulated feedback system
Overview
What are hormones?
• Chemical substances
• Transported though the blood to the target cells
Endocrine organpituitary gland
• Gross anatomy
• Position
Endocrine organpituitary gland
• Gross anatomy
• Position
• Divisions:– Adenohypophysis
• Pars tuberalis• Pars distalis
– Neurohypophysis• Neural lobe• Infundibular stalk• Median eminence
Endocrine organpituitary gland
Common alterations in pathology (anterior pituitary)• Hypersecretion of growth hormone (Gigantism)• Hypersecreting ACTH (Cushing’s syndrome)
Common alterations in pathology (posterior pituitary)• ADH deficiency • Inappropriate ADH secretion
Endocrine organadrenal gland
• Gross anatomy
• Position
• Layers
Endocrine organadrenal gland
Adrenal cortex
• Adrenal cortical steroids (cortisol)
• Aldosterone
Adrenal medulla
• Adrenaline
• Noradrenaline
Endocrine organadrenal gland
Common alterations in pathology• Adrenocortical insufficiency• Acute (addisionian) crisis
• Chronic deficiency• Adrenocortical excess
– Cushing’s syndrome– Cushing’s disease
Endocrine organthyroid and parathyroid
Endocrine organthyroid and parathyroid
Thyroid
• Thyroxine (T4)
• Triidothyronine (T3)
• Throcalcitonin
Parathyroid
• Parathormone
• Throcalcitonin
Endocrine organthyroid and parathyroid
Common alterations in pathology
Thyroid• Hyperthyroidism (Graves disease)• Thyroid strom• Hypothyroidism
Parathyroid• Hyperparathyroidism• Hypoparathyroidism
Endocrine organpancreas
Endocrine organpancreas
Summary
Summary
Summary
Jamie Ranse: Critical Care Education Coordinator, Staff Development Unit, ACT Health.
Endocrinology anatomy and physiology
