Endocrine System

Glands & Hormones

Hormone A chemical messenger that is

produced at one site and carried by the blood to its site of action (target cells)

Pituitary Gland1.   ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) Stimulates

adrenal glands to make Cortisol and aldosterone

2.    ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) Causes kidneys to reabsorb more water preventing dehydration

3.    GH (Growth hormone) (Causes bone and muscle growth)

4.    TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone) (Stimulates thyroid gland to make T3 and T4)

Pituitary Gland5. LH (Luitenizing hormone) (Stimulates estrogen &

progesterone secretion from ovaries & testosterone secretion from testes)

6. FSH (Follicle stimulating hormone) (Egg & sperm production)

7.    Oxytocin (Causes uterine contractions)

8.    Prolactin (milk production)

Pineal Gland• Melatonin (Initiates sleep)

Thyroid Gland T3 (Triiodothyronine) (Controls

metabolism)

T4 (Thyroxin) (Controls metabolism)

• Calcitonin (Builds up bone to lower blood calcium)

Parathyroid Gland• PTH (Parathyroid hormone) (Breaks

down bone to raise blood calcium)

Thymus Gland• Thymosin (Controls immune

system)

Pancreas• Insulin (Allows glucose to enter

cells; LOWERS blood glucose)

• Glucagon (Stimulates liver to make glucose; RAISES blood glucose)

Adrenal GlandsMedullaa.     Epinephrine (adrenaline)

(Increases: blood glucose, heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, & dilates bronchioles)

b.     Nor-epinephrine (nor-adrenaline) (Same as Epinephrine)

Adrenal Glands Cortexa.     Cortisol (Stress released to increase

blood glucose)b.     Aldosterone (Controls salt & water

balance)c.     Androgens (small amounts of

estrogen and testosterone)

Ovaries• 1.      Estrogen (Creates female

secondary sex characteristics)

• 2.    Progesterone (Thickens the uterus lining each month)

Testes• 1. Testosterone (Creates male

secondary sex characteristics)

Kidneys• Renin and Angiotensinogen which

control blood volume

Heart• ANP (Atrial Naturetic Polypeptide)

which causes Na ions to be excreted in the kidney (Lose water & ultimately blood pressure)

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