Endocrine System
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Transcript of Endocrine System
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Endocrine System collection of glands that produce and
secrete hormones Those hormones send messages to cells
to help the organs do their jobs properly Big parts are the hypothalamus, pituitary,
thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pineal body, and the reproductive organs.
The pancreas has a big part in dealing with the endocrine system
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Diabetes insipidus is caused by damage to the pituitary gland
Metabolic or endocrine condition that results in losses of body fluids through urination
People with diabetes insipidus have a lower level of a hormone called vasopressin
Diabetes Insipidus
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Harm to the pituitary gland can happen from something as simple as a head injury, or as bad as an infection or tumor
Injured pituitary gland can also be hereditary
Symptoms are- frequent, rination, fatigue, and excessive thirst
Those who suffer from diabetes insipidus dehydrated and constipated
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infants with DI who not treated soon enough couldsuffer from brain damage or developmental problems
DI in adults is often caused by tumors in the pituitasry or some damage to the pituitary gland
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DI can be detected with a water deprivation test
It can also be diagnosed with dehydration test
DI is usually cured with desmopressin acetate- a hormone helps the individual keep the water in their body
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Type II Diabetes 90% of diabetes in the US is type 2 More common in African Americans and
Native Americans Your risk for type 2 increases as you get
olde
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Type 2 diabetes can be a consequence of obese and being unactive
Diet and nutrition plays a role in type 2 diabetes as well
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Ex. The Pima Indians in Arizona have very high rates of type 2 diabetes,
the Pima Indians in Mexico have very low rates.
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Some women are at risk for type 2 diabetes, especially those who had gestational diabetes
Type 2 diabetes could also be the result of high blood pressure and impaired glucose tolerance.
Even though genetics mostly plays a role in type 1 diabetes it is also another factor in developing type 2
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the most common reason for developing type 2 diabetes is that the body does not make enough insulin or the cells completely ignore
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Recently researchers have notices that type 2 diabetes is on the rise in affluent populations
They have also noticed an increase in type 2 diabetes in adolescents and children
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METHODS OF TREATMENT It is important for people with diabetes to have
glycemic control, these means people with the disease usually have to test their blood at least once a day
Studies show that glycemic control can reduce the risk for more serious complications of diabetes such as, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, or diabetic neuropathy.
People who suffer from diabetes should see a physician on a regular basis
They should also have an annual dilated-eye examination because diabetes can lead to potential blindness
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EXPERIMENTAL SURGERY A man who’s life was limited due to type 2
diabetes underwent and experimental surgery
He was the second person in the US to try it The surgery consisted of the doctors
flipping his intestines, and moving them to the top, next to his stomach. This helped the stomach produce more GLP-1. In turn it helps regulate the blood sugar
This experiment was first tried in Brazil http://abclocal.go.com/ktrk/story?
section=news/health&id=8755210
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Type 1 Diabetes
Beta cells create insulin in the pancreas
Little to no insulin produced Insulin moves sugar in
blood to cells to be used as energy
No insulin means buildup of sugar in the blood (not useful) which causes the symptoms of diabetes
Insulin Dependent
Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body attacks the insulin producing beta cells.
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Type 1 Diabetes No known cure When its first
triggered symptoms can be very intense (hospitalization)
Monitor blood sugar Inject insulin several
times a day Too much insulin can
make blood sugar too low
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Type 1 Diabetes Symptoms: Extreme thirst &
hunger Fatigue Blurred vision Rapid weight lose Heavy, fast breathing Dry skin Naseau Lost feeling in limbs
Low Blood Sugar: Headache Hunger Shaking Sweating Weakness Nervousness
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Osteoporosis Increases the risk of a
bone fracture due to the reducing of bone mineral density.
Mainly caused by the depletion of hormones from aging, such as lower amounts of testosterone and estrogen.
Common in mostly older people, particularly women.
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Cushings Disease When the body has to
much cotisol hormone in its system.
Body obesity, thin limbs
Round, red, full face Stunt groth in children Depression & Fatgiue Achey Weakness
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Cushings Disease hyperplasia of puituitary gland. Too
much adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) released
ACTH production stimulates cortisol hormone release
Cortisol regulates immune system & usage of carbs, fats, proteins
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Cushings DiseaseTreatment: Depending on underlying problem For a tumor, surgery, chemotherapy, or
radiation Medication to regulate the release of
cortisol ketoconazole (Nizoral), mitotane (Lysodren)
and metyrapone (Metopirone)