End of WW1 The Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations.
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Transcript of End of WW1 The Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations.
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End of WW1The Treaty of Versailles and the
League of Nations
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End of War
• Nov. 3, 1918 –sailors refused to sail out b/c felt no use fighting anymore
• Nov. 9, 1918 – Rebellion in Berlin led to est. of German Republic (Kaiser out)
• No decisive battle to end war, but German war machine was exhausted
• 11/11 at 11 - Germany stopped the fighting
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Wilson’s 14 Points• Plan for Post WW1 Europe
• Goal: To prevent future wars
• Encouraged Central Powers to surrender
• Listed in a speech delivered by President Wilson January 8, 1918.
• Only 4 points ultimately adopted in Treaty
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Paris Peace Conference
• 5 Treaties made during Paris Peace Conference
1. Treaty of Versailles – Germany
2. Treaty of Trianon – Hungary
3. Treaty of Neuilly – Bulgaria
4. Treaty of St. Germaine – Austria
5. Treaty of Sevres - Turkey
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Treaty of Versailles
• Treaty between Allies and Germany
• Very Harsh towards Germany, much more so than what was presented in Wilson’s 14 points
• US did not adopt the Treaty
• See Handout for details
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Treaty of Versailles and Germany
• Germany must demilitarize• Germany loses many colonial claims• Belgium gets some of German land• France gets Germany’s Saar Basin (coal mines)• Denmark and Czechoslovakia get German land• Germany must reduce Navy• War Guilt Clause – Clause 231 Germany is
blamed for the war– Must pay a set impossible 6.6 billion pounds in
reparations
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League of Nations
• Organization of Countries
• Goal of League: to prevent future wars, by providing a venue for countries to discuss/work out disputes
• 2 Tier Assembly1. General Assembly – all country members
2. A Council – 5 Great Powers, 4 other elected powers
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Problems with the League
• League could not pose sanctions
• No Military to enforce its will
• No action could be taken without the consent of the Council
• U.S. does not join the League of Nations
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Effects of WW1How WW1 set History for the 20th century
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1. Political Chaos• A) Collapse of Monarchies
– Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
– Instability will ultimately lead to rise of Dictators
• B) Creation of New Countries– Czechoslovakia, Poland, Latvia, Lithuania,
Estonia, Finland, Yugoslavia, Syria, Iraq– Leads to Ethnic Conflicts
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2. Crushed Economies
• Parts of Europe completely demolished by the fighting farm lands, industry
• German reparations were so high, unable to keep up
• Economic stagnation – unemployment, sagging currencies
• Leads to DEPRESSION, especially in Germany
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Country Dead Wounded Missing Total
Africa/ S. Africa 17,000 - - 29,000
Australia 58,150 152,170 - 210,320
Austria-Hungary 922,000 3,600,000 855,283 5,377,283
Belgium 44,000 450,000 - 494,000
Britain 658,700 2,032,150 359,150 3,050,000
Bulgaria 87,500 152,390 27,029 266,919
Canada 56,500 149,700 - 206,200
France 1,359,000 4,200,000 361,650 5,920,650
Germany 1,600,000 4,065,000 103,000 5,768,000
India 43,200 65,175 5,875 114,250
Italy 689,000 959,100 - 1,424,660
Japan 300 907 3 1,210
Montenegro 3,000 10,000 7,000 20,000
Portugal 7,222 13,751 12,318 33,291
Romania 335,706 120,000 80,000 535,706
Russia 1,700,000 5,000,000 - 6,700,000
Serbia 45,000 133,148 152,958 331,106
Turkey 250,000 400,000 - 650,000
USA 58,480 189,955 14,290 262,725
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Social Chaos• displaced refugees
• Social damage from:– 10 million men dead– millions wounded and/or disabled– 5 million widows– 9 million orphans
• Unstable birth rate
• Psychological damage due to shell shock, loss of limbs, death of friends/families– Lead to: alcoholism, morphine addiction
• Many disabled soldiers struggling to find a new role in society, no equipment produced in their aid
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US post-WW1
• Obvious New World Power
• Return to Isolationism
• New wave of Nativism
• Women earn suffrage