8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

1/110

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

J x` SMjbjkdmdbx

X`qelOdu{`~h Hdiebexe`b

1-5@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

2/110

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxJlxe`b qgjbbebk

J q~`ld|| t|tjggu j||`lejxdh {exf x~jebebk' geboebk emq~`ydmdbx| ~ jlxe`b| {exf {fjx fj| nddb gdj~bdh" Jlxe`b qgjbbebk

d|xjnge|fd| j l`t~|d i jlxe`b| lf`|db x` ~djgesd xfd jqqgeljxe`b i {fjx {j| gdj~bdh ~ hdlehdh"

J @~kjbesjxe`bMjbjkdmdbxJlxe`b ~d|dj~lf

J qj~xeleqjx`~u' hdm`l~jxel q~`ld|| l`bld~bdh {exf hdydg`qebk q~jlxeljg ob`{gdhkd eb xfd qt~|tex i {`~xf{fegd ftmjb

qt~q`|d|' k~`tbhdh eb j qj~xeleqjx`~u {`~ghyed{' {felf e| lt~~dbxgu |xegg dmd~kebk" Ex |ddo| x` n~ebk x`kdxfd~ jlxe`b jbh~digdlxe`b' xfd`~u jbh q~jlxeld' eb qj~xeleqjxe`b {exf `xfd~|' eb xfd qt~|tex `i q~jlxeljg |`gtxe`b| x` e||td| `i q~d||ebk l`bld~b x`

qd`qgd' jbh m`~d kdbd~jggu xfd ig`t~e|febk i ebheyehtjg qd~|`b| jbh xfde~ l`mmtbexed|"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxJlxeyd ge|xdbebk J xdlfbeztd i`~ emq~`yebk xfd jllt~jlu i ebi`~mjxe`b ~dldqxe`b nu qjuebk lg`|d jxxdbxe`b x` xfd |dbhd~"

J @~kjbesjxe`bMjbjkdmdbx Jlx`~-`n|d~yd~ diidlx Xfd q~`qdb|exu i`~ jlx`~| jbh `n|d~yd~| x` yed{ xfd ljt|d| `i xfd jlx`~+| ndfjye`~ heiid~dbxgu"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxJhjqxeyd ljqjlexed| Xfd ljqjlexed| bddhdh i`~ jb `~kjbesjxe b x` gdj~b jbh lfjbkd eb ~d|q`b|d x` lfjbkebk le~ltm|xjbld|"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx Jhhexeyd xj|o| Xj|o| eb {felf k~`tq qd~i`~mjbld e| hdqdbhdbx tq`b xfd |tm `i xfd qd~i`~mjbld `i ebheyehtjg k~`tq mdmnd~|"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxJhf`l~jlu

Xfe| |x~tlxt~d e| xuqeljggu i`tbh eb u`tbk ~kjbesjxe b| eb fekfgu xdlfbeljg iedgh|" [exfeb ex' hdle|e`b mjoebk e| |q~djh xf~`tkf`tx

xfd ~kjbesjxe`b' q`{d~ ~d|ehd| {exf xfd dvqd~x|' f`~es`bxjg jbh yd~xeljg |qdlejgesjxe`b dve|x' jbh xfd~d e| gexxgd i`~mjgesjxe`b"

Qjkd > `i ::1

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

3/110

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Jhmebe|x~jxeyd

fed~j~lfuXfd |u|xdm i ~dq`~xebk ~dgjxe`b|feq| eb xfd ~kjbesjxe`b' i~`m xfd g`{d|x x` xfd fekfd|x mjbjkd~ejg gdydg|"

J @~kjbesjxe`bMjbjkdmdbx Jhmebe|x~jxeydm`hdgJ |dx `i hdle|e`b mjoebk q~ebleqgd| xfjx ~dl`kbesd xfjx j l`mqgdxdgu ~jxe`bjg jbjgu|e| `i ebi`~mjxe`b jbh lf`eld `qxe`b| e| `ixdbb`x idj|engd eb ~djge|xel hdle|e`b-mjoebk"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Jhyjbldh ebi`~mjxe`b

xdlfb`g`ku

Xfd kdbd~jxe`b' jkk~dkjxe`b' |x`~jkd' m`heieljxe`b jbh |qddhu x~jb|me||e`b i ebi`~mjxe`b mjhd q`||engd nu xfd jhydbx i

l`mqtxd~| jbh ~dgjxdh hdyeld|"

J @~kjbesjxe`bMjbjkdmdbx Jhyd~|j~ejgebxd~ydbxe`b Eby`gyd| j mjbjkd~ ge|xdbebk x` n`xf qj~xed| q~d|dbx dyehdbld x` |tqq`~x xfde~ lj|d| jbh xfdb mjoebk j hdle|e`b"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxJhye|`~u xdjm|

\mjgg k~`tq| `i dmqg`udd| &:1->1% xfjx mddx j id{ f`t~| j {ddo x` |tkkd|x |`gtxe`b| x` q~`ngdm| eb xfde~ {`~o &d"k"' ztjgexu

le~lgd%"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx Jiidlx J qd~|`b+| iddgebk x`{j~h |`mdxfebk"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxJiidlxeyd l`mmexmdbx L`mmexmdbx nj|dh b ehdbxeieljxe`b jbh eby`gydmdbx {exf jb `~kjbesjxe`b"

Qjkd < `i ::1

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

4/110

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxJkd b`~m| [ehdgu jlldqxdh dvqdlxjxe`b| eb |`ledxu jn`tx jqq~`q~ejxd ndfjye`~ i`~ j qd~|`b jx j keydb jkd"

J @~kjbesjxe`bMjbjkdmdbx Jk~ddjngdbd||J qd~|`b+| jnegexu x` kdx jg`bk {exf xfd~|"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxJgg-lfjbbdg bdx{`~o Eb xfe| xuqd `i bdx{`~o' jgg mdmnd~| l`mmtbeljxd {exf jgg `xfd~ mdmnd~|"

J @~kjbesjxe`bMjbjkdmdbx Jbjguxel |xugd J |xugd lfj~jlxd~e|xel i |`md`bd {f` jqq~`jlfd| hdle|e`b| eb j fekfgu ~jxe`bjg {ju jbh {f` e| ljqjngd i x`gd~jxebktbld~xjebxu/jmnektexu"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxJblf`~ebk diidlx Xfd ebjhdztjxd jhct|xmdbx `i |tn|dztdbx d|xemjxd| i~`m jb ebexejg d|xemjxd xfjx |d~yd| j| jb jblf`~"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx Jqqgedh ~d|dj~lf L`bhtlxdh x` |`gyd qj~xeltgj~ q~`ngdm| ~ jb|{d~ |qdleiel ztd|xe`b|"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxJqq~dbxeld J ctbe`~ qd~|`b' |`mdxemd| ljggdh j q~`xk' {f` fj| j mdbx`~

Qjkd 8 `i ::1

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

5/110

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxJ||emegjxe`b

Xfd q~`ld|| xf~`tkf {felf j meb`~exu k~`tq gdj~b| xfd {ju| i xfd h`mebjbx k~`tq" Eb ~kjbesjxe`b| ijy`t~ebk j||emegjxe`b'

qd`qgd i~`m heyd~|d njlok~`tbh| j~d dvqdlxdh x` lfjbkd x` iex xfd dve|xebk ~kjbesjxe`bjg ltgxt~d"

J @~kjbesjxe`bMjbjkdmdbx Jxxexthd J ije~gu |xjngd dm`xe`bjg xdbhdblu x` ~d|q`bh l`b|e|xdbxgu x` |`md |qdleiel ncdlx' |extjxe`b' qd~|`b' ~ ljxdk`~u i qd`qgd"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxJxx~entxe`b Xfd q~`ld|| nu {felf ljt|d| `~ m`xeyd| j~d j||ekbdh x` dvqgjeb qd`qgd|+ ndfjye`~"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx Jxx~entxe`b xfd`~u

\tkkd|x| xfjx {d n|d~yd ndfjye`t~ jbh xfdb jxx~entxd ljt|d| x` ex" Jg|`' |tkkd|x| xfjx dmqg`udd| n|d~yd xfde~ {b

ndfjye`t~' hdxd~mebd {fdxfd~ ex e| j ~d|q`b|d x` dvxd~bjg ~ ebxd~bjg ijlx`~|' jbh |fjqd xfde~ itxt~d m`xeyjxdh ndfjye`t~jll`~hebkgu"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxJxx~entxe`b" Xfd q~`ld|| nu {felf ljt|d| `~ m`xeyd| j~d j||ekbdh x` dvqgjeb qd`qgd|+ ndfjye`~"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx Jthedbld dvx~jlxe`bXfd q~`ld|| {fd~dnu qd~ldeyd~| &xfd jthedbld% |tnxgdgu qtgg|/h~j{| ndfjye`~ i~`m xfd~| &jg|` ob`{b j| xfd Qukmjge`b

diidlx%"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxJthedbld |dgdlxeyexu

Xfe| xd~m| ~did~| x` `t~ xdbhdblu j| |`lejg `n|d~yd~| x` |dgdlxeydgu g``o i`~ jbh q~`ld|| ld~xjeb qedld| `i ebi`~mjxe`b jn`tx

qd`qgd x` i`~m emq~d||e`b|

Qjkd 4 `i ::1

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

6/110

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxJtxf`~exj~ejbe|m Xfd ndgedi xfjx q`{d~ jbh |xjxt| heiid~dbld| j~d jqq~`q~ejxd {exfeb fed~j~lfeljg |`lejg |u|xdm| |tlf j| ~kjbesjxe`b|"

J @~kjbesjxe`bMjbjkdmdbx Jtxf`~exu Q`{d~ xfjx fj| nddb gdkexemesdh {exfeb j qj~xeltgj~ |`lejg l`bxdvx"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxJtx`b`mu Xfd i~ddh`m x` |lfdhtgd `bd+| `{b {`~o jlxeyexed| jbh hdlehd {`~o q~`ldht~d|"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Jy`ehjbld &bdkjxeyd

~debi`~ldmdbx%

Xfd qq`~xtbexu x` jy`eh ~ d|ljqd i~`m jb tbqgdj|jbx le~ltm|xjbld jixd~ dvfenexebk ndfjye`t~" @llt~| {fdb xfd ebxd~jlxebk

qj~xed|+ k`jg| j~d ebl`mqjxengd jbh xfd ebxd~jlxe`b ndx{ddb k~`tq| e| ~dgjxeydgu tbemq`~xjbx x` xfd jxxjebmdbx i xfd k`jg|"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxJy`ehebk

J l`bigelx mjbjkdmdbx |xugd lfj~jlxd~esdh nu g`{ j||d~xeydbd|| i `bd+| {b ebxd~d|x| jbh g`{ l``qd~jxe`b {exf xfd `xfd~

qj~xu"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx Jy`ehebk |xugd

[fdb ijldh {exf l`bigelx' j qd~|`b {f` t|d| xfe| |xugd `ixdb x~u x` ekb`~d l`bigelx jgg x`kdxfd~ ~jxfd~ xfjb x~uebk x` he~dlxgu

~d|`gyd ex"

J@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxJy`ehebk"

J l`bigelx mjbjkdmdbx |xugd lfj~jlxd~esdh nu g`{ j||d~xeydbd|| i `bd+| {b ebxd~d|x| jbh g`{ l``qd~jxe`b {exf xfd `xfd~

qj~xu"

Qjkd 9 `i ::1

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

7/110

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

N@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxNj|el ~d|dj~lf He|l`yd~ebk bd{ ob`{gdhkd ~jxfd~ xfjb |`gyebk |qdleiel q~`ngdm|"

N @~kjbesjxe`bMjbjkdmdbx Ndfjye`~jg |xugd J hdle|e`b mjoebk {f` e| yd~u jxxtbdh x` f`{ hdle|e`b| jiidlx dmqg`udd| jbh xfd {`~o dbye~`bmdbx? xdbh| x` nd m`~dhdgend~jxd jbh |g`{d~ eb |xugd"

N@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxNdfjye`t~jg jqq~`jlf

Xfe| jqq~`jlf x` gdjhd~|feq x~ed| x` ehdbxeiu ndfjye`t~| xfjx heiid~dbxejxd diidlxeyd gdjhd~| i~`m b`bgdjhd~|" Ex t|d| ktehdgebd|'

|tn`qxemesebk' jbh |jxe|ielebk eb mjoebk hdle|e`b|"

N@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx Ndblfmj~oebkJ |u|xdmjxel q~`ld|| i`~ dvjmebebk xfd q~`htlx|' |d~yeld|' jbh {`~o q~`ld||d| `i ie~m| xfjx j~d ~dl`kbesdh j| eggt|x~jxebk xfd

nd|x q~jlxeld| i`~ ~kjbesjxe`bjg emq~`ydmdbx"

N@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxNdbdiex|

Jb emq`~xjbx i`~m `i ebhe~dlx l`mqdb|jxe`b" nek ieyd qd~|`bjgexu x~jex| J |dx i qd~|`bjgexu x~jex| xfjx j~d d|qdlejggu ~dgdyjbx x`

`~kjbesjxe`b|"

N

@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx Ne`|`lejg geid |xjkd|

Jgxd~bjxebk qd~e`h| i |xjnegexu jbh x~jb|exe`b' {exf q~dhelxjngd xfdmd| xfjx j~d nj|dh eb q|ulf`g`keljg jbh ne`g`keljg ijlx`~| jbh

qjxxd~b| i |`lejg dvqdlxjxe`b|"

N@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxN`hu gjbktjkd B`byd~njg l`mmtbeljxe`b nu mdjb| i j |dbhd~+| n`hegu m`xe`b|' ijlejg dvq~d||e`b|' ~ qfu|eljg g`ljxe`b"

Qjkd ; `i ::1

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

8/110

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

N@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxN`tbhj~u ~`gd| Q`|exe`b| eb {felf ~kjbesjxe`bjg mdmnd~| j~d ~dzte~dh x` ebxd~jlx {exf mdmnd~| i `xfd~ ~kjbesjxe`b| ~ {exf xfd qtngel"

N @~kjbesjxe`bMjbjkdmdbx N`tbhdh ~jxe`bjgexu J hdle|e`b |x~jxdku xfjx ~dged| b gemexdh ebi`~mjxe`b jbh xfjx ~digdlx| xemd l`b|x~jebx| jbh q`gexeljg l`b|ehd~jxe`b|"

N@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxN~jeb|x`~mebk

Jb jxxdmqx x` ebl~dj|d xfd btmnd~ `i l~djxeyd |`gtxe`b jgxd~bjxeyd| x` q~`ngdm| nu i`lt|ebk `b ehdj kdbd~jxe`b ~jxfd~ xfjb

dyjgtjxe`b"

N@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

N~djoxf~`tkf

ltgxt~d J l`~q`~jxd yjgtd |u|xdm {felf ~dl`kbesd| xfjx b`~mjg nt|ebd|| ~tgd| jbh q~d||t~d| h`b+x jqqgu x` ebb`yjxeyd xfeboebk"

N@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxNt~djtl~jlu

Mjv [dnd~+| ehdjg xuqd i ~kjbesjxe`b xfjx eblgthdh j |x~elx lfjeb i l`mmjbh' hdxjegdh ~tgd|' fekf |qdlejgesjxe`b' ldbx~jgesdh

q`{d~' jbh |dgdlxe`b jbh q~`m`xe`b nj|dh b xdlfbeljg l`mqdxdbld"

N

@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx Nt~b`tx Dm`xe`bjg dvfjt|xe`b' hdqd~|`bjgesjxe`b' jbh ~dhtldh qd~|`bjg jll`mqge|fmdbx jm`bk xf`|d {f` {`~o {exf qd`qgd"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxLjqjlexu Xfd jnegexu i ebheyehtjg| jbh ~kjbesjxe`b| x` qd~i`~m diidlxeydgu' diieledbxgu' jbh eb j |t|xjebjngd mjbbd~"

Qjkd 6 `i ::1

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

9/110

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Ljqjlexu

hdydg`qmdbx

Jb bk`ebk q~`ld|| nu {felf ebheyehtjg|' k~`tq|' ~kjbesjxe`b|' jbh |`ledxed| ebl~dj|d xfde~ jnegexed| x` qd~i`~m l`~d itblxe`b|'

|`gyd q~`ngdm|' hdiebd jbh jlfedyd ncdlxeyd|' jbh tbhd~|xjbh jbh hdjg {exf xfde~ hdydg`qmdbx bddh| eb j n~`jh l`bxdvx jbh

|t|xjebjngd mjbbd~"

L @~kjbesjxe`bMjbjkdmdbx Lj~dd~ Jb dy`gyebk |dztdbld i {`~o jlxeyexed| jbh q`|exe`b| xfjx ebheyehtjg| dvqd~edbld yd~ xemd j| {dgg j| xfd j||`lejxdh jxxexthd|'ob`{gdhkd' jbh l`mqdxdbled| xfjx hdydg`q xf~`tkf`tx bd+| geid"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxLj~dd~

Jb dy`gyebk |dztdbld i {`~o jlxeyexed| jbh q`|exe`b| xfjx ebheyehtjg| dvqd~edbld yd~ xemd j| {dgg j| xfd j||`lejxdh jxxexthd|'

ob`{gdhkd' jbh l`mqdxdbled| xfjx hdydg`q xf~`tkf`tx bd+| geid"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Lj~dd~ jhye|`~| jbh

l`tb|dgg`~|

Xfd|d qd`qgd ljb fdgq `xfd~| iebh jbh jbjgusd lj~dd~ ebi`~mjxe`b' ntx xfd tgxemjxd lj~dd~ hdle|e`b mt|x nd mjhd nu xfd

ebheyehtjg"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxLj~dd~ mjbjkdmdbx Xfd q~`ld|| i emqgdmdbxebk ~kjbesjxe`bjg lj~dd~ qgjbbebk"

L

@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx Lj~dd~ `~edbxjxe`b Xfd ije~gu |xjngd qjxxd~b i q~did~~dh lltqjxe`bjg jlxeyexed|' xjgdbx|' yjgtd|' jbh jxxexthd|"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxLj~dd~ qjxfebk Xfd ehdbxeieljxe`b `i j ld~xjeb |dztdbld `i c`n| eb j lj~dd~ xfjx ~dq~d|dbx j q~`k~d||e`b xf~`tkf xfd `~kjbesjxe`b"

Qjkd 5 `i ::1

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

10/110

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxLj~dd~ qgjbbebk

J |u|xdm eb {felf ebheyehtjg| dyjgtjxd xfde~ jnegexed| jbh ebxd~d|x|' l`b|ehd~ jgxd~bjxeyd lj~dd~ qq`~xtbexed|' d|xjnge|f lj~dd~

k`jg|' jbh qgjb q~jlxeljg hdydg`qmdbx jlxeyexed|"

L @~kjbesjxe`bMjbjkdmdbx Lj~dd~ |oegg| q`~xi`ge` Xfd |tm x`xjg `i `bd+| `lltqjxe`bjg |oegg|' jnegexed|' jbh ob`{gdhkd"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxLj~dd~ |xjkd| Kdbd~jg qjxxd~b| i hdydg`qmdbxjg e||td|' odu xj|o|' jbh lfjbkd| eb {`~o ~`gd jlxeyexed|"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx Lj|d |xthu

Xfd hdxjegdh ebyd|xekjxe`b i bd ~ m`~d ~kjbesjxe`b|' ~ k~`tq| {exfeb ~kjbesjxe`b|' {exf j yed{ x` q~`yehebk jb jbjgu|e| i

xfd l`bxdvx jbh q~`ld||d| eby`gydh eb xfd qfdb`mdb`b tbhd~ |xthu" Xfd qfdb`mdb`b e| b`x e|`gjxdh i~`m ex| l`bxdvx &j| ebgjn`~jx`~u ~d|dj~lf i`~ dvjmqgd% ntx e| dvjmebdh eb ~dgjxe`b x` ex| l`bxdvx"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxLdbx~jg xdbhdblu Xfd xdbhdblu x` j||ekb m`|x ~jxdd| x` mehhgd-~jbkd c`n qd~i`~mjbld ljxdk`~ed|"

L

@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx Ldbx~jg x~jex| Qd~|`bjg lfj~jlxd~e|xel| `i j xj~kdx qd~|`b xfjx j~d `i qj~xeltgj~ ebxd~d|x x` j qd~ldeyd~"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxLdbx~jgesjxe`b Xfd dvxdbx x` {felf hdle|e`b mjoebk q`{d~ e| g`ljgesdh eb j qj~xeltgj~ qj~x `i jb `~kjbesjxe`b"

Qjkd :1 `i ::1

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

11/110

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxLfjeb bdx{`~o

Eb xfe| xuqd `i j bdx{`~o' djlf mdmnd~ l`mmtbeljxd| {exf xfd qd~|`b jn`yd jbh ndg`{ ntx b`x {exf xfd ebheyehtjg| `b djlf

dbh"

L @~kjbesjxe`bMjbjkdmdbx Lfjeb `i l`mmjbh Gebd| i jtxf`~exu jbh i`~mjg ~dq`~xebk ~dgjxe`b|feq"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxLfjbkd Xfd emqgdmdbxjxe`b `i j q~`k~jm `~ qgjb x` m`yd jb `~kjbesjxe`b jbh/`~ ex| mdmnd~| x` j m`~d |jxe|ijlx`~u |xjxd"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx Lfjbkd Xfd emqgdmdbxjxe`b `i j q~`k~jm `~ qgjb x` m`yd jb `~kjbesjxe`b jbh/`~ ex| mdmnd~| x` j m`~d |jxe|ijlx`~u |xjxd"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxLfjbkd jkdbx| Dvqd~x| eb xfd jqqgeljxe`b i ndfjye`~jg |ledbld ob`{gdhkd x` ~kjbesjxe`bjg hejkb`|e| jbh lfjbkd"

L

@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Lfjbkd-`~edbxdh

ndfjye`~

Gdjhd~|feq ndfjye`~ i`lt|dh b mjoebk |ekbeieljbx lfjbkd fjqqdb &d"k"' l`mmtbeljxebk jb eb|qe~ebk ye|e`b' kjebebk

|tn`~hebjxd l`mmexmdbx i`~ lfjbkd%"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxLfjbbdg b`e|d J he|xt~njbld eb l`mmtbeljxe`b xfjx e| q~emj~egu j itblxe`b `i xfd mdhetm"

Qjkd :: `i ::1

Q h n h o Jgg e f h

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

12/110

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxLfj~e|mj

Xfd jnegexu x` l`mmjbh |x~`bk g`ujgxu jbh hdy`xe`b i~`m i`gg`{d~| jbh xft| fjyd xfd q`xdbxejg i`~ |x~`bk ebigtdbld jm`bk

xfdm"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Lfj~e|mjxel

gdjhd~|feq

J i`~m `i gdjhd~|feq eb {felf xfd gdjhd~ e| yed{dh j| fjyebk dvx~j`~hebj~u jnegexed|' ndebk +gj~kd~ xfjb geid'+ jbh eb|qe~ebk

x~dmdbh`t| dii`~x" @ixdb xfd ~d|tgx i j l`mqgdv ebxd~qgju ndx{ddb gdjhd~ lfj~jlxd~e|xel|' |tn`~hebjxd qd~ldqxe`b|' jbh|extjxe`bjg q~d||t~d|"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxLft~bebk [fdb ie~m| i e~d mjbu qd`qgd jbh fe~d mjbu qd`qgd jx xfd |jmd xemd"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx Le~lgd bdx{`~o Eb xfe| xuqd `i bdx{`~o' djlf mdmnd~ l`mmtbeljxd| {exf xfd qd`qgd `b n`xf |ehd| ntx {exf b` `bd dg|d"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxLeyeg gj{

Xfd m`|x l`mm`b gdkjg |u|xdm eb xfd {`~gh' q~jlxeldh eb `yd~ ;1 l`tbx~ed| &d"k"'Kd~mjbu' Cjqjb' Xt~odu' dxl"%" ^did~~dh x` j|

l`hd gj{ |ebld ex e| nj|dh `b jb dgjn`~jxd ge|x `i ~tgd| jn`tx jlxe`b| jbh me|hddh|' ntx l`b|ehd~jngd l`b|e|xdblu eb

jhctheljxe`b"

L

@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx Lgj||eljg l`bhexe`bebk J |emqgd i`~m `i gdj~bebk xfjx gebo| j l`bhexe`bdh ~d|q`b|d {exf jb tbl`bhexe`bdh |xemtgt|"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Lgj||eljg ~kjbesjxe`b

xfd`~uI`lt|dh b f`{ ~kjbesjxe`b| ljb nd |x~tlxt~dh m`|x diidlxeydgu x` mddx xfde~ k`jg|"

Qjkd :> `i ::1

D g he @ e xe M x &;96 X % Q h n h o Jgg e fx h

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

13/110

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxLgj||eljg yed{q`ebx

Jb dj~gu q~d|l~eqxe`b b mjbjkdmdbx xfjx jhy`ljxdh fekf |qdlejgesjxe b i gjn`~' ebxdb|eyd l``~hebjxe`b' jbh ldbx~jgesdh

hdle|e`b mjoebk"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx L`d~leyd q`{d~ Q`{d~ hd~eydh i~`m xfd t|d `i qtbe|fmdbx jbh xf~djx"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`kbexe`b Xfd ob`{gdhkd j qd~|`b q~d|tmd| x` fjyd jn`tx |`mdxfebk"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx L`kbexeyd nej|d| Xdbhdbled| x` jlzte~d jbh q~`ld|| ebi`~mjxe`b eb jb d~~`~-q~`bd {ju"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`kbexeyd he||`bjbld J iddgebk i xdb|e`b dvqd~edbldh {fdb ld~xjeb l`kbexe`b| j~d l`bx~jhelx`~u ~ ebl`b|e|xdbx {exf djlf xfd~"

L

@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx L`ggjn`~jxebk J l`bigelx mjbjkdmdbx |xugd xfjx mjvemesd| n`xf j||d~xeydbd|| jbh l``qd~jxe`b"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`ggjn`~jxebk |xugd

J |xugd xfjx ~jbo| fekf `b n`xf j||d~xeydbd|| jbh l``qd~jxe`b? `ixdb ljggdh j {eb-{eb jqq~`jlf ndljt|d dii`~x| j~d mjhd x`

|dd xfd nd|x `qxe`b| i`~ n`xf qj~xed| x` l`bigelx"

Qjkd :< `i ::1

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

14/110

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{ h~j{qjlo l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

15/110

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

L`mmtbeljxe`b

iehdgexuXfd hdk~dd i l`~~d|q`bhdbld ndx{ddb xfd md||jkd ebxdbhdh nu xfd |`t~ld jbh xfd md||jkd tbhd~|x``h nu xfd ~dldeyd~"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx L`mqdb|jxe`b Jqqguebk `bd+| |oegg| eb j qj~xeltgj~ j~dj x` mjod tq i`~ ijegt~d eb jb`xfd~ j~dj"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

L`mqdb|jxe`b

qjlojkd

Xfd x`xjg j~~ju i m`bdu &{jkd|' |jgj~u' l`mme||e`b%' ebldbxeyd|' ndbdiex|' qd~zte|exd|' jbh j{j~h| q~`yehdh x` jb dmqg`udd

nu jb `~kjbesjxe`b"

L

@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx L`mqdxebk J l`bigelx mjbjkdmdbx |xugd xfjx mjvemesd| j||d~xeydbd|| jbh mebemesd| l``qd~jxe`b"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`mqdxexe`b @llt~| {fdb k`jg| j~d ebl`mqjxengd jbh xfd ebxd~jlxe`b| ndx{ddb k~`tq| j~d emq`~xjbx x` mddxebk k`jg|"

L

@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx L`mqdxexeyd |x~jxdkuJb `txgebd `i f`{ j nt|ebd|| ebxdbh| x` l`mqdxd {exf `xfd~ ie~m| eb xfd |jmd ebht|x~u"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`mqgdvexu Xfd dvxdbx x` {felf jb `~kjbesjxe`b heyehd| gjn`~ yd~xeljggu' f`~es`bxjggu' jbh kd`k~jqfeljggu"

Qjkd :4 `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{ h~j{qjlo l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

16/110

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`mqgejbld L`bi`~mexu x` j |`lejg b`~m q~`mqxdh nu xfd hd|e~d x` jlzte~d ~d{j~h| `~ jy`eh qtbe|fmdbx"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

L`mq~d||dh

|lfdhtgd J |dx `i {`~o |lfdhtgd| xfjx t|d b`b-x~jhexe`bjg mdxf`h| `i l`mqgdxebk j 81 f`t~ {`~o {ddo &d"k"' 8-81? 8 hju| `i :1-f~ {`~o%"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

L`mq~d||dh

{`~o{ddo

Jb jgxd~bjxeyd {`~o |lfdhtgd eb {felf dmqg`udd| {`~o id{d~ xfjb xfd b`~mjg ieyd hju| j {ddo ntx |xegg qtx eb j b`~mjg btmnd~

`i f`t~| qd~ {ddo"

L

@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx L`mq~`me|d J l`bigelx mjbjkdmdbx |xugd xfjx l`mnebd| ebxd~mdhejxd gdydg| i j||d~xeydbd|| jbh l``qd~jxe`b"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`mq~`me|ebk |xugd J qd~|`b t|ebk xfe| |xugd jqq~`jlfd| l`bigelx j| j keyd-jbh-xjod |extjxe`b keyebk tq |`mdxfebk x` kdx |`mdxfebk dg|d"

L

@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`bldqxtjg |oegg| Xfd mjbjkd~ t|d| l`bldqxtjg |oegg| x` xfebo eb xfd jn|x~jlx"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`bldqxtjg |xugd J hdle|e`b mjod~ {f` ljb dj|egu |dd +xfd nek qelxt~d+ jbh e| b`x bdld||j~egu me~dh eb xfd iebd hdxjeg|"

Qjkd :9 `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

17/110

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`biekt~jxe`b Jb `~kjbesjxe`b+| |fjqd" Ex ~digdlx| xfd heye|e`b `i gjn`t~ jbh xfd mdjb| `i l``~hebjxebk xfd heyehdh xj|o|"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx L`bie~mjxe`b nej| Xfd xdbhdblu x` |ddo `tx ebi`~mjxe`b xfjx l`bi`~m| x` `bd+| `{b hdiebexe`b `i `~ |`gtxe`b x` j q~`ngdm"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`bigelx He|jk~ddmdbx jm`bk qj~xed|" Ex fj| n`xf q`|exeyd jbh bdkjxeyd lfj~jlxd~e|xel|"

L

@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx L`bigelx m`hdg

J yd~u qd~|`bjg jqq~`jlf x` hdle|e`b mjoebk" Ex hdjg| {exf xfd qd~|`bjg l`bigelx| qd`qgd dvqd~edbld eb qj~xeltgj~gu heiieltgx

hdle|e`b |extjxe`b|"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`bigelx ~d|`gtxe`b @llt~| {fdb j mjbjkd~ ~d|`gyd| l`bigelx xfjx fj| ndl`md fj~mitg `~ |d~e`t|"

L

@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`bigelx |xemtgjxe`b J |x~jxdku `i ebl~dj|ebk l`bigelx eb `~hd~ x` m`xeyjxd lfjbkd"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`bk~tdbld J l`bhexe`b eb {felf j qd~|`b+| {`~h|' xf`tkfx|' iddgebk|' jbh jlxe`b| jgg l`bxjeb xfd |jmd md||jkd"

Qjkd :; `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

18/110

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% u q ? k

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`bctblxe`b ijggjlu

^dgjxdh x` xfd ~dq~d|dbxjxeydbd|| fdt~e|xel eb xfjx eb|xdjh `i hdl~dj|ebk t~ q~`njnegexu cthkdmdbx| i`~ hdxjegdh' l`bctblxeyd

q~dhelxe`b|' {d jlxtjggu ixdb ndgedyd xfdu j~d m`~d geodgu x` `llt~ xfjb |emqgd/|ebkgd dydbx| xfdm|dgyd|"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx L`bctblxeyd xj|o| Xj|o| eb {felf k~`tq qd~i`~mjbld e| gemexdh nu xfd qd~i`~mjbld `i xfd q``~d|x k~`tq mdmnd~"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`b|ledbxe`t|bd|| Xfd btmnd~ `i k`jg| `b {felf j qd~|`b i`lt|d|"

L

@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx L`b|db|t| ltd| Jxx~entxe`b ltd| xfjx ~digdlx f`{ j qd~|`b+| ndfjye`~ l`mqj~d| {exf xfjx `i `xfd~|"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`b|d~yjxeyd |feix Xfd xdbhdblu i`~ k~`tq| x` mjod gd|| ~e|ou hdle|e`b| xfjb xfd jyd~jkd ~e|o ebexejggu jhy`ljxdh nu xfde~ ebheyehtjg mdmnd~|"

L

@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`b|ehd~jxe`b Xfd dvxdbx x` {felf j gdjhd~ e| jqq~`jlfjngd jbh |f`{| qd~|`bjg l`bld~b i`~ |tn`~hebjxd|"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

L`b|ehd~jxe`b

ndfjye`t~Eby`gyd| ndebk l`bld~bdh {exf |tn`~hebjxd|+ iddgebk| jbh ~d|qdlxebk |tn`~hebjxd|+ ehdj|"

Qjkd :6 `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

19/110

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% u q k

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`b|e|xdblu ltd| Jxx~entxe`b ltd| xfjx ~digdlx f`{ l`b|e|xdbxgu j qd~|`b dbkjkd| eb |`md ndfjye`~ yd~ xemd"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

L`bxdbx xfd`~ed| `i

m`xeyjxe`b Xfd`~ed| xfjx ehdbxeiu xfd bddh| xfjx j~`t|d ~ dbd~kesd dmqg`udd ndfjye`~"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`bxdvx

Xfd diidlx `i xfd njlok~`tbh tbhd~ {felf j md||jkd `ixdb xjod| `b m`~d jbh ~elfd~ mdjbebk" L`bxdvx e| d|qdlejggu emq`~xjbx

eb l~`||-ltgxt~jg ebxd~jlxe`b| ndljt|d |`md ltgxt~d| j~d |jeh x` nd fekf l`bxdvx &xfd ltgxt~d q~`yehd| mjbu tbhd~|x``h {ju| x`

ebxd~q~dx md||jkd|% `~ g`{ l`bxdvx &xfd {`~h| xfdm|dgyd| dvqgelexgu lj~~u j g`x `i xfd md||jkd%"

L

@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

L`bxebkdblu

jqq~`jlf

Jb jqq~`jlf x` mjbjkdmdbx xfjx ~dl`kbesd| xfjx xfd~d e| b` `bd nd|x {ju x` mjbjkd' jbh xfjx jb jqq~`q~ejxd mjbjkdmdbx

|xugd hdqdbh| `b xfd hdmjbh| `i xfd |extjxe`b"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

L`bxebkdblu

qd~|qdlxeyd\tkkd|x| xfjx eb m`|x `~kjbesjxe`b|' |extjxe`b| jbh txl`md| j~d l`bxebkdbx b' ~ ebigtdbldh nu' xfd~ yj~ejngd|"

L

@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`bxebkdblu qgjb| Jgxd~bjxeyd jlxe`b| x` xjod ei xfd q~emj~u |`t~ld i jlxe`b e| tbdvqdlxdhgu he|~tqxdh ~ ~dbhd~dh ebjqq~`q~ejxd"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`bxebkdblu xfd`~u

I~dh Iedhgd~+| xfd`~u xfjx |xjxd| xfjx xfd j||`lejxe`b ndx{ddb gdjhd~|feq ~edbxjxe`b jbh k~`tq diidlxeydbd|| e| l`bxebkdbx tq`b

f`{ ijy`~jngd xfd |extjxe`b e| i`~ dvd~xebk ebigtdbld"

Qjkd :5 `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

20/110

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|%

L@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

L`bxebtjbld

l`mmexmdbxL`mmexmdbx nj|dh b xfd l`|x| xfjx {`tgh nd eblt~~dh eb gdjyebk jb ~kjbesjxe`b"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

L`bxebt`t|

emq~`ydmdbx J qd~|qdlxeyd xfjx |tkkd|x| qd~i`~mjbld |f`tgh l`b|xjbxgu nd db-fjbldh"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

L`bxebt`t|

~debi`~ldmdbx[exf xfe| xuqd `i ~debi`~ldmdbx' ndfjye`t~ e| ~d{j~hdh dyd~u xemd ex `llt~|"

L

@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx L`bx~j|x diidlx|

Q~dye`t|gu ebxd~yed{dh c`n jqqgeljbx| jiidlx jb ebxd~yed{d~+| qd~ldqxe`b i j lt~~dbx jqqgeljbx' gdjhebk x` jb dvjkkd~jxe`b i

heiid~dbld| ndx{ddb jqqgeljbx|"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`bx~entxe`b| Jb ebheyehtjg+| l`bx~entxe`b| x` jb ~kjbesjxe`b eblgthd |tlf xfebk| j| dii`~x' |oegg|' jnegexu' xemd' jbh g`ujgxu"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

L`bx~`g jbh

`~kjbesjxe`b |xjkd

J |xjkd `i k~`tq hdydg`qmdbx eb {felf xfd k~`tq e| mjxt~d jbh mdmnd~| {`~o x`kdxfd~ jbh j~d igdvengd' jhjqxeyd' jbh |dgi-

l`~~dlxebk"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`bx~`g k~`tq J k~`tq `i ~d|dj~lf |tncdlx| {f` fjyd b`x nddb dvq`|dh x` xfd dvqd~emdbxjg x~djxmdbx"

Qjkd >1 `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

21/110

u q k k & %

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`bx~`ggebk

Xfd q~`ld|| `i m`bex`~ebk jbh l`~~dlxebk xfd jlxe`b| `i xfd `~kjbesjxe`b jbh ex| mdmnd~| x` oddq xfdm he~dlxdh x`{j~h xfde~

k`jg|"

L

@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx L``~hebjxe`b J q~`ld|| `i ijlegexjxebk xemebk' l`mmtbeljxe`b' jbh iddhnjlo jm`bk {`~o xj|o|"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`~q`~jxd ltgxt~d

Xfd {f`gd l`ggdlxe`b `i ndgedi|' yjgtd|' jbh ndfjye`~| `i j ie~m xfjx |dbh md||jkd| x` xf`|d {exfeb jbh `tx|ehd xfd l`mqjbu

jn`tx f`{ nt|ebd|| e| h`bd"

L

@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

L`~q`~jxd {dggbd||

q~`k~jm|

G`bk-xd~m q~`k~jm| xfjx jg|` jlx x` ebl~dj|d jbh q~`m`xd dmqg`udd fdjgxf jbh ~dhtld |x~d|| &iexbd|| ijlegexed|' fdjgxf

lgj||d|' dxl"%"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

L`~~dgjxe`bjg

~d|dj~lf^d|dj~lf xfjx jxxdmqx| x` mdj|t~d yj~ejngd| q~dle|dgu jbh dvjmebd ~dgjxe`b|feq| jm`bk xfd|d yj~ejngd| {exf`tx ebx~`htlebk

lfjbkd ebx` xfd ~d|dj~lf |dxxebk"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL`|m`q`gexd Gebo| xfd ~kjbesjxe`b x` xfd dvxd~bjg dbye~`bmdbx jbh mju jg|` nd xfd `qebe`b gdjhd~ eb xfd k~`tq"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxL~djxeyexu Xfd q~`htlxe`b i b`ydg ntx q`xdbxejggu t|ditg ehdj|"

Qjkd >: `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

22/110

u q k k & %

L@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

L~`||-itblxe`bjg

xdjm|

[`~o k~`tq| xfjx n~ebk qd`qgd {exf heiid~dbx itblxe`bjg |qdlejgxed| x`kdxfd~ x` ndxxd~ ebydbx' hd|ekb' `~ hdgeyd~ j q~`htlx `~

|d~yeld"

L

@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx Ltgxt~jg l`bxdvx Xfd ltgxt~jg ebi`~mjxe`b xfjx |t~~`tbh| j l`mmtbeljxe`b dqe|`hd"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxLtgxt~jg yjgtd| Xfd yjgtd| dmqg`udd| bddh x` fjyd jbh jlx `b i`~ xfd `~kjbesjxe`b x` jlx `b |x~jxdkel yjgtd|"

L

@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Lt|x`md~

hdqj~xmdbxjxe`b^dgjxeydgu |dgi-l`bxjebdh tbex| hdgeyd~ jb `~kjbesjxe`b+| q~`htlx| ~ |d~yeld| x` |qdleiel lt|x`md~ k~`tq|"

L@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Lt|x`md~-nj|dh

|x~tlxt~d\emegj~ eb |`md ~d|qdlx| x` q~`htlx-nj|dh |x~tlxt~d|' xfe| xuqd `i |x~tlxt~d t|d| lt|x`md~ k~`tq| `~ |dkmdbx| j| jb

`~kjbesebk q~ebleqgd"

H@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxHdnj|dmdbx J |d~ed| i |`lejgesjxe`b dvqd~edbld| hd|ekbdh x` ftmngd qd`qgd jbh ~dm`yd |`md |dgi-l`biehdbld"

H@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxHdle|e`b mjoebk Xfd q~`ld|| `i hdydg`qebk l`mmexmdbx x` |`md l`t~|d `i jlxe`b"

Qjkd >> `i ::1

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

23/110

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

24/110

H@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxHdgqfe xdlfbeztd J mdxf`h `i q``gebk j gj~kd btmnd~ `i dvqd~x cthkmdbx| xf~`tkf j |d~ed| `i ebl~dj|ebkgu ~diebdh ztd|xe`bbje~d|"

H

@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx Hdqj~xmdbxjgesjxe`b Xfd mjbbd~ eb {felfheyehdh xj|o| j~d l`mnebdh jbh jgg`ljxdh x` {`~o k~`tq|"

H@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxHdqdbhdbx yj~ejngd Eb jb dvqd~emdbx' xfd yj~ejngd xfjx e| dvqdlxdh x` yj~u j| j ~d|tgx `i xfd mjbeqtgjxe`b `i xfd ebhdqdbhdbx yj~ejngd"

H

@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxHdyeg+| jhy`ljxd J qd~|`b jqq`ebxdh x` ehdbxeiu jbh lfjggdbkd xfd {djobd|| i j q~`q`|dh qgjb i |x~jxdku"

H@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxHejkb`|e| Xfd |u|xdmjxel l`ggdlxe`b i ebi`~mjxe`b ~dgdyjbx x` emqdbhebk ~kjbesjxe`bjg lfjbkd"

H@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Hejkb`|xel |oegg|Xfd mjbjkd~ t|d| hejkb`|xel |oegg| x` tbhd~|xjbh ljt|d-jbh-diidlx ~dgjxe`b|feq| jbh x` ~dl`kbesd xfd `qxemjg |`gtxe`b| x`

q~`ngdm|"

H@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxHeiid~dbxejxe`b Xfd xdbhdblu i`~ mjbjkd~| eb |dqj~jxd hdqj~xmdbx| x` heiid~ eb xd~m| `i k`jg|' xemd |qjb|' jbh ebxd~qd~|`bjg |xugd|"

Qjkd >8 `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

25/110

H@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxHeiit|e`b Xfd q~`ld|| nu {felf ebb`yjxe`b| m`yd xf~`tkf jb ~kjbesjxe`b"

H

@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Heiit|e`b `i

~d|q`b|enegexu Xfd jnegexu `i k~`tq mdmnd~| x` |fj~d xfd nt~hdb `i xfd bdkjxeyd l`b|dztdbld| `i j q``~ hdle|e`b"

H@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxHeiit|e`b" Xfd q~`ld|| nu {felf ebb`yjxe`b| m`yd xf~`tkf jb ~kjbesjxe`b"

H

@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxHe~dlx n|d~yjxe`b

Kjxfd~ebk ebi`~mjxe`b jn`tx xfebk| xfjx ljb nd n|d~ydh" I`~ dvjmqgd' nu ye|exebk jb `~kjbesjxe`b' bd ljb he~dlxgu l`ggdlx

ebi`~mjxe`b b xfd qfu|eljg |t~~`tbhebk|" Nu n|d~yebk mddxebk|' bd ljb `n|d~yd {f` |f`{| tq' f`{ qd`qgd ebxd~jlx' jbh

{fjx hdle|e`b| j~d xjodb"

H@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

He~dlx t|d `i

dyjgtjxe`b ~d|tgx|Xfd eb|x~tmdbxjg t|d `i dyjgtjxe`b ~d|tgx| nu hdle|e`b-mjod~| j| xfd nj|e| i`~ j hdle|e`b" He~dlx t|d `llt~| {fdb ebi`~mjxe`b

`~ iebhebk| j~d jqqgedh he~dlxgu x` lfjbkd jb jlxe`b `~ jgxd~ j hdle|e`b"

H@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

He~dlxeyd |xugdJ hdle|e`b mjoebk |xugd lfj~jlxd~esdh nu j qd~|`b {f`' {fegd jbjguxel' h`d|b+x dbc`u ctkkgebk g`x| i hjxj xfdu mjod j hdle|e`b

jbh m`yd `b"

H@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxHe|l~dqjblu xfd`~u

J xfd`~u xfjx c`n |jxe|ijlxe`b |xdm| i~`m xfd he|l~dqjblu ndx{ddb xfd c`n `txl`md| {jbxdh jbh xfd `txl`md| xfjx j~d

qd~ldeydh x` nd nxjebdh"

Qjkd >4 `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

26/110

H@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxHe|ctblxeyd xj|o| Xj|o| eb {felf k~`tq qd~i`~mjbld e| hdqdbhdbx tq`b xfd qd~i`~mjbld `i xfd nd|x k~`tq mdmnd~"

H

@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx He|qgjldmdbx He~dlxebk iddgebk| `i jbkd~ jx j |jid xj~kdx ~jxfd~ xfjb dvq~d||ebk xfdm {fd~d xfdu mekfx nd qtbe|fdh"

H@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

He|q`|exe`bjg

jxx~entxe`b|Dvqgjbjxe`b| i`~ ndfjye`~ nj|dh b jb jlx`~+| qd~|`bjgexu ~ ebxdggdlx"

H@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxHe|xeblxeydbd|| ltd| Jxx~entxe`b ltd| xfjx ~digdlx xfd dvxdbx x` {felf j qd~|`b dbkjkd| eb |`md ndfjye`~ jl~`|| j yj~edxu `i |extjxe`b|"

H@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxHe|x~d|| Xfd tbqgdj|jbx |x~d|| xfjx jll`mqjbed| bdkjxeyd dydbx|"

H@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

He|x~entxeyd ije~bd|| Ije~bd|| xfjx llt~| {fdb qd`qgd ~dldeyd {fjx xfdu xfebo xfdu hd|d~yd i~`m xfde~ c`n|"

H@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

He|x~entxeyd

bdk`xejxe`b[eb-g`|d bdk`xejxe`b eb {felf j ievdh jm`tbx `i j||dx| e| heyehdh ndx{ddb qj~xed|"

Qjkd >9 `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

27/110

H@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxHeyd~|exu q~`k~jm|

J |dx `i x~jebebk jbh ebi`~mjxe`b he||dmebjxe`b q~`k~jm| xfjx fdgq dmqg`udd| ~dl`kbesd xfd yjgtd `i heiid~dbld| jm`bk

qd`qgd"

H

@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx Heye|e`b `i gjn`t~ Xfd dvxdbx x` {felf xfd `~kjbesjxe`b+| {`~o e| heyehdh ebx` heiid~dbx c`n| x` nd h`bd nu heiid~dbx qd`qgd"

H@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxHeye|e`bjgesdh i`~m

Xfe| |x~tlxt~d e| xuqeljg i gh' yd~u gj~kd ~kjbesjxe`b|" [exfeb ex' xfd ~kjbesjxe`b e| heyehdh jll`~hebk x` xfd heiid~dbx mj~odx|

|d~ydh" F`~es`bxjg jbh yd~xeljg |qdlejgesjxe`b dve|x| ndx{ddb heye|e`b| jbh fdjhztj~xd~|" Hdle|e`b mjoebk e| heyehdh ndx{ddb

heye|e`b| jbh fdjhztj~xd~|' jbh `txqtx| j~d |xjbhj~hesdh"

H@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxH`md|xel ie~m

Ie~m| {f` gj~kdgu h` nt|ebd|| eb xfde~ f`md l`tbx~u' jgxf`tkf xfdu mju dvq`~x |`md `i xfde~ q~`htlx| `~ |d~yeld| jl~`||

n`~hd~|"

H@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxH`{b|esebk Xfd ebxdbxe`bjg ~dhtlxe`b i {`~oi`~ld |esd {exf xfd k`jg i emq~`yebk ~kjbesjxe`bjg diieledblu ~ diidlxeydbd||"

H@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

H`{b|esebk" Xfd ebxdbxe`bjg ~dhtlxe`b i {`~oi`~ld |esd {exf xfd k`jg i emq~`yebk ~kjbesjxe`bjg diieledblu ~ diidlxeydbd||"

H@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

H`{b{j~h

l`mmtbeljxe`bEbi`~mjxe`b xfjx ig`{| i~`m xfd x`q `i xfd `~kjbesjxe`b x`{j~h xfd n`xx`m"

Qjkd >; `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

28/110

H@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxHtjg-|x~tlxt~d xfd`~u Xfe| xfd`~u ehdbxeied| m`xe-yjxe`b ijlx`~|' {felf jiidlx |jxe|ijlxe`b' j| {dgg j| fukedbd ijlx`~|' {felf jiidlx he||jxe|ijlxe`b"

D

@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx Diidlx hdqdbhdbld ^dgejbld b xfd~| htd x` xfde~ ljqjlexu x` q~`yehd ~d{j~h| jbh qtbe|fmdbx"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Diidlxeyd

l`mmtbeljxe`bXfd ~ekfx qd`qgd ~dldeyd xfd ~ekfx ebi`~mjxe`b eb j xemdgu mjbbd~"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxDiidlxeydbd|| Xfd dvxdbx x` {felf hd|e~dh ncdlxeyd| j~d jlfedydh" Xfd dvxdbx x` {felf jb ~kjbesjxe`b jlfedyd| ex| me||e`b jbh ncdlxeyd|"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxDiieledblu

Xfd dvxdbx x` {felf ~d|tgx| j~d jlfedydh {exf mebemtm t|d `i ~d|`t~ld|" Xfd hdk~dd x` {felf jb `~kjbesjxe`b kdbd~jxd| ex|

q~`htlx| jbh |d~yeld| t|ebk j mebemtm `i ebqtx|"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Dii`~x-x`-qd~i`~mjbld

dvqdlxjblu

J qd~|`b+| qd~ldqxe`b `i xfd q~`njnegexu xfjx dii`~x {egg gdjh x` qd~i`~mjbld"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Dgdlx~`bel

n~jeb|x`~mebkXfd t|d i l`mqtxd~-mdhejxdh xdlfb`g`ku x` emq~`yd x~jhexe`bjg n~jeb|x`~mebk q~jlxeld|"

Qjkd >6 `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

29/110

D@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxDgdlx~`bel k~`tq| Hdle|e`b-mjoebk k~`tq| {f`|d mdmnd~| j~d gebodh dgdlx~`beljggu ~jxfd~ xfjb ijld-x`-ijld"

D

@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Dmqg`udd j||e|xjbld

q~`k~jm &DJQ%

Q~`k~jm| iid~dh nu l`mqjbed| x` fdgq dmqg`udd| hdjg {exf c`n |x~d|| jbh {exf qd~|`bjg q~`ngdm| xfjx mju fjyd hdydg`qdh

i~`m xfd |x~d|| `~ xfd~ |`t~ld| &jgl`f`g/|tn|xjbld jnt|d fdgq' l`tb|dgebk i`~ q|ulf`g`keljg |umqx`m|' dxl"%"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxDmqg`udd |t~ydu

Jb`bum`t| ztd|xe`bbje~d xfjx dbjngd| dmqg`udd| x` |xjxd xfde~ ljbheh qebe`b| jbh jxxexthd| jn`tx jb `~kjbesjxe`b jbh ex|

q~jlxeld|"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Dmqg`udd-ldbx~dh

gdjhd~ ndfjye`t~Eby`gyd| jx-xdmqxebk x` ntegh diidlxeyd {`~o k~`tq| {exf fekf qd~i`~mjbld k`jg|"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxDmq`{d~mdbx Keyebk qd`qgd xfd jtxf`~exu' qq`~xtbexu' jbh m`xeyjxe`b x` xjod ebexejxeyd jbh |`gyd ~kjbesjxe`bjg q~`ngdm|"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Dbl`hebk Xfd q~`ld|| nu {felf xfd md||jkd e| x~jb|gjxdh i~`m jb ehdj `~ xf`tkfx ebx` x~jb|mexxjngd |umn`g|"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Dbx~u |xjkd

&dvqg`~jxe`b |xjkd%Lfj~jlxd~esdh nu |dgi-dvjmebjxe`b' ~`gd x~u`tx|' jbh `lltqjxe`bjg dvqg`~jxe`b"

Qjkd >5 `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

30/110

D@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Dbye~`bmdbxjg

tbld~xjebxuJ l`bhexe`b xfjx dve|x| {fdb xfd dvxd~bjg dbye~`bmdbx e| yjktd' heiieltgx x` hejkb`|d' jbh tbq~dhelxjngd"

D

@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxDztexu Xfd ndgedi xfjx {d j~d ndebk x~djxdh ije~gu eb ~dgjxe`b x` `xfd~|"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxDztexu xfd`~u

J q~`ld|| xfd`~u xfjx c`n |jxe|ijlxe`b jbh m`xeyjxe`b |xdm| i~`m j l`mqj~e|`b `i xfd ebqtx| `bd ebyd|x| eb j c`n jbh xfd

`txl`md| `bd ~dldeyd| eb l`mqj~e|`b {exf xfd ebqtx| jbh `txl`md| `i jb`xfd~ qd~|`b `~ k~`tq"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

D^K xfd`~uJ xf~dd-gdydg fed~j~lfeljg bddh xfd`~u i m`xeyjxe`b &dve|xdbld' ~dgjxdhbd||' k~`{xf% xfjx jgg`{| i`~ m`ydmdbx tq jbh h`{b xfd

fed~j~lfu"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

D|ljgjxe`b i

l`mmexmdbxXfd xdbhdblu x` ebyd|x jhhexe`bjg ~d|`t~ld| eb jb jqqj~dbxgu ijegebk l`t~|d i jlxe`b"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

D|xjnge|fmdbx |xjkd

&|dxxebk-h`{b |xjkd%

Eb xfe| |xjkd' xfd ebheyehtjg kdx| m`~d ~dl`kbexe`b i`~ emq~`ydh qd~i`~mjbld"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxDxfel| \u|xdmjxel xfeboebk jn`tx xfd m`~jg l`b|dztdbld| i hdle|e`b|"

Qjkd

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

31/110

D@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxDt|x~d|| Xfd qgdj|t~jngd |x~d|| xfjx jll`mqjbed| q`|exeyd dydbx|"

D

@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxDyjgtjxe`b

\u|xdmjxel ebyd|xekjxe b `i xfd {`~xf' yjgtd' md~ex' `~ ztjgexu `i jb `ncdlx" J||d||mdbx `i xfd `qd~jxe`b `~ xfd `txl`md| `i j

q~`k~jm `~ q`gelu' l`mqj~dh x` j |dx `i dvqgelex `~ emqgelex |xjbhj~h|' j| j mdjb| `i l`bx~entxebk x` ex| emq~`ydmdbx" Xfd

l~exd~ej i`~ dyjgtjxe`b mju eblgthd ~dgdyjbld' diidlxeydbd||' diieledblu' emqjlx' jbh |t|xjebjnegexu"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxDyjgtjxe`b ltgxt~d

Jb ~kjbesjxe`bjg ltgxt~d xfjx yjgtd| dyjgtjxe`b jbh |ddo| |`gtxe`b| x` q~`ngdm|' x~uebk tx xdbxjxeyd |`gtxe`b|' jbh {dekfebk

xfd ~d|tgx| jbh l`b|dztdbld| i jlxe`b| {exfeb jb dbhgd|| lulgd `i |tqq`|exe`bjlxe`bdyehdbld~dye|e`b xfjx lfj~jlxd~esd|

k``h |ledbld jbh k``h mjbjkdmdbx"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Dyjgtjxe`b ztd|xe`b| Ztd|xe`b| i`~mtgjxdh x` fdgq i`lt| jb dyjgtjxe`b `b odu x`qel| `~ e||td|"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxDvdmqgeieljxe`b Jb emq~d||e`b mjbjkdmdbx xjlxel xfjx eby`gyd| |dgi-|jl~eield"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Dvex &{exfh~j{jg%

|xjkd

Qjxxd~b `i hdl~dj|ebk qd~i`~mjbld eb j lj~dd~ j| ebheyehtjg| q~dqj~d x` m`yd `b `~ ~dxe~d"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxDvqdlxjblu Xfd q~`njnegexu xfjx j qj~xeltgj~ ie~|x-gdydg txl`md ljb nd jlfedydh"

Qjkd

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

32/110

D@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxDvqdlxjblu xfd`~u

J q~`ld|| xfd`~u xfjx |xjxd| xfjx m`xeyjxe`b e| hdxd~mebdh nu xfd `txl`md| xfjx qd`qgd dvqdlx x` `llt~ j| j ~d|tgx `i xfde~

jlxe`b| `b xfd c`n"

D

@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Dvqd~emdbxjg

~d|dj~lf

^d|dj~lf {felf lfjbkd| ~ mjbeqtgjxd| j yj~ejngd tbhd~ l`bx~`ggdh l`bhexe`b| jbh dvjmebd| xfd l`b|dztdbld| i xfe|

mjbeqtgjxe`b i`~ |`md xfd~ yj~ejngd"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxDvqd~x q`{d~ Q`{d~ hd~eydh i~`m fjyebk |qdlejg ebi`~mjxe`b ~ dvqd~xe|d xfjx e| yjgtdh nu jb `~kjbesjxe`b"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Dvqd~xe|dJ |`t~ld `i q`{d~ x` xfd dvxdbx xfjx qd`qgd j~`tbh j mjbjkd~ yed{ fem `~ fd~ j| jb dvqd~x? |`md`bd {f`|d ob`{gdhkd jbh

|oegg| ljb fdgq xfdm h` xfde~ c`n|"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxDvxd~bjg jxx~entxe`b Jxx~entxebk xfd ljt|d `i {`~o ndfjye`~ x` |`md ~dj|`b xfjx e| dvxd~bjg x` xfd qd~|`b &d"k"' njh gtlo' tbije~ le~ltm|xjbld|' dxl"%"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Dvxd~bjg lj~dd~ Xfd `ncdlxeyd |dztdbld `i q`|exe`b| xfjx l`mq~e|d `bd+| lj~dd~"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxDvxd~bjg dbye~`bmdbx Dydbx| jbh l`bhexe`b| |t~~`tbhebk jb ~kjbesjxe`b xfjx ebigtdbld ex| jlxeyexed|"

Qjkd `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

33/110

D@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Dvxd~bjg qd~jxebk

dbye~`bmdbx

Xfd dbye~`bmdbx eb {felf jb `~kjbesjxe`b qd~jxd|" Eblgthd| |tlf xfebk| j| xfd jhmebe|x~jxeyd jbh gdkjg |u|xdm| xfjx k`yd~b

xfd ~kjbesjxe`b' j| {dgg j| xfd q`gexeljg' dl`b`mel' xdlfb`g`keljg' |`lejg' jbh ltgxt~jg l`bxdvx eb {felf xfd `~kjbesjxe`b

`qd~jxd|"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxDvxeblxe`b Xfd k~jhtjg he||eqjxe`b i ndfjye`~ i`gg`{ebk xfd xd~mebjxe`b i ~debi`~ldmdbx"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxDvx~eb|el m`xeyjxe`b M`xeyjxe`b xfjx |xdm| i~`m xfd {`~o dbye~`bmdbx dvxd~bjg x` xfd xj|o? ex e| t|tjggu jqqgedh nu `xfd~|"

D@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Dvx~`yd~|e`bXfd ztjgexu i ndebk l`mi`~xjngd {exf ~dgjxe`b|feq|? xfd qq`|exd dvx~dmd' ebx~`yd~|e`b' e| lfj~jlxd~esdh nu m`~d |`lejg

he|l`mi`~x"

I@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Ijmegu-|tqq`~xeyd

q`geled|J |d~ed| `i q~`k~jm| &d"k"' `b-|exd hju lj~d% jh`qxdh nu l`mqjbed| xfjx ljb fdgq dmqg`udd| hdjg {exf {`~o-ijmegu l`bigelx jbh

|x~d||"

I@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Idj~gd||bd||

ltgxt~d

J xuqd `i ltgxt~d xfjx ljb i`~m eb ie~m| {f`|d nt|ebd|| eby`gyd| l`b|ehd~jngd ~e|o jbh ~jqeh iddhnjlo" Jxx~jlx| jbh ~d{j~h|

qd`qgd {eggebk x` xjod lfjbld| jbh hdle|eyd"

I@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxIddhnjlo" Ebi`~mjxe`b jn`tx xfd diidlxeydbd|| `i `bd+| {`~o qd~i`~mjbld"

Qjkd

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

34/110

I@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxIedgh dvqd~emdbx \emegj~ x` j gjn`~jx`~u dvqd~emdbx' ntx l`bhtlxdh eb j ~djg `~kjbesjxe`b"

I@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxIedgh |t~ydu Xuqeljggu ~dged| b ztd|xe`bbje~d he|x~entxdh x` j |jmqgd i qd`qgd |dgdlxdh i~`m j gj~kd~ q`qtgjxe`b"

I@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxIegxd~ebk Xfd xdbhdblu i`~ j md||jkd x` nd {jxd~dh h`{b `~ |x`qqdh ht~ebk x~jb|me||e`b"

I@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Iebjblejg ~d|`t~ld| Xfd itbhebk jyjegjngd x` xfd `~kjbesjxe`b x` lj~~u tx ex| jlxeyexed|"

I@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Ievdh ebxd~yjg

|lfdhtgdJ qj~xejg ~debi`~ldmdbx |lfdhtgd eb {felf |`md ievdh xemd qd~e`h llt~| ndx{ddb j ~debi`~ldh ~d|q`b|d jbh xfd jyjegjnegexu i

xfd bdvx ~debi`~ldmdbx"

I@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxIevdh ~jxe` |lfdhtgd"

J qj~xejg ~debi`~ldmdbx |lfdhtgd eb {felf |`md ievdh btmnd~ `i ~d|q`b|d| mt|x nd mjhd ndx{ddb j ~debi`~ldh ~d|q`b|d jbh

xfd jyjegjnegexu i xfd bdvx ~debi`~ldmdbx"

I@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Ievdh-ebxd~yjg

~debi`~ldmdbxQ~`yehd| ~debi`~ld-mdbx `b j ievdh xemd |lfdhtgd"

Qjkd

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

35/110

I@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Ievdh-~jxe`

~debi`~ldmdbxQ~`yehd| ~debi`~ldmdbx jixd~ j ievdh btmnd~ `i ndfjye`t~|"

I@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxIgjx `~kjbesjxe`b Jb ~kjbesjxe`b {exf ~dgjxeydgu id{ gdydg| eb ex| fed~j~lfu i jtxf`~exu"

I@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Igdvengd ~d{j~h

|u|xdmJgg`{| dmqg`udd| x` lf``|d xfd l`mnebjxe`b i ndbdiex| xfjx nd|x |tex xfde~ bddh|"

I@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Igdvengd {`~o

|lfdhtgd| &igdvxemd%

Xfd|d |lfdhtgd| keyd dmqg`udd| m`~d qd~|`bjg l`bx~`g yd~ xfd f`t~| xfdu {`~o djlf hju"

I@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxIgdv-xemd Jb jgxd~bjxeyd {`~o |lfdhtgd eb {felf j~~eyjg jbh ztexxebk xemd| j~d igdvengd"

I@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

I`gg`{d~-ldbxd~dh

gdjhd~|feqJqq~`jlfd| xfjx x~u x` tbhd~|xjbh gdjhd~|feq nu i`lt|ebk b i`gg`{d~+| bddh| jbh f`{ xfdu ~d|q`bh x` gdjhd~|"

I@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxI`~ld Xfd dii`~x he~dlxdh x`{j~h j ie~|x-gdydg `txl`md"

Qjkd

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

36/110

I@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxI`~lebk |xugd

Xfd dvjlx `qq`|exd `i jb jll`m`hjxebk |xugd - j qd~|`b {f` e| yd~u {eggebk x` t|d xfde~ q`{d~ jbh jtxf`~exu x` |dxxgd jb

j~ktmdbx"

I@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxI`~mjg {`~o k~`tq| K~`tq| xfjx j~d d|xjnge|fdh nu ~kjbesjxe`b| x` ijlegexjxd xfd jlfedydmdbx i ~kjbesjxe`bjg k`jg|"

I@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxI`~mjgesjxe`b Xfd dvxdbx x` {felf {`~o ~`gd| j~d fekfgu hdiebdh nu jb ~kjbesjxe`b"

I@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

I~jmebk J|qdlx| `i xfd q~d|dbxjxe`b `i ebi`~mjxe`b jn`tx j q~`ngdm xfjx j~d j||tmdh nu hdle|e`b mjod~|"

I@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxI~jmebk

Xfd xdbhdblu i`~ j hdle|e`b mjod~ x` nd |{judh nu {fdxfd~ j hdle|e`b e| qexlfdh j| j q`|exeyd &d"k"' kjeb% `~ bdkjxeyd &d"k"'

g`||%"

I@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxI~edbh|feq k~`tq J k~`tq xfjx e| ~dgjxeydgu qd~mjbdbx jbh ebi`~mjg jbh h~j{| ex| ndbdiex| i~`m xfd |`lejg ~dgjxe`b|feq| jm`bk ex| mdmnd~|"

I@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Itblxe`bjg

hdqj~xmdbxjxe`bDmqg`udd| {exf lg`|dgu ~dgjxdh |oegg| jbh ~d|q`b|enegexed| j~d j||ekbdh x` xfd |jmd hdqj~xmdbx"

Qjkd

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

37/110

I@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxItblxe`bjg |x~tlxt~d J xuqd `i |x~tlxt~d eb {felf tbex| jbh hdqj~xmdbx| j~d `~kjbesdh nj|dh `b xfd jlxeyexu `~ itblxe`b xfjx xfdu qd~i`~m"

I@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Itbhjmdbxjg

jxx~entxe`b d~~`~

Xfd xdbhdblu x` yd~dmqfj|esd he|q`|exe`bjg dvqgjbjxe`b| i`~ ndfjye`~ jx xfd dvqdb|d i |extjxe`bjg dvqgjbjxe`b|"

K@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxKjeb|fj~ebk J k~`tq qju ebldbxeyd qgjb nj|dh b q~`htlxeyexu ~ qd~i`~mjbld emq~`ydmdbx| yd~ {felf xfd {`~oi`~ld fj| |`md l`bx~`g"

K@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Kjxdoddqd~| Qd`qgd {f` |qjb ~kjbesjxe`bjg n`tbhj~ed| x` emq`~x bd{ ebi`~mjxe`b' x~jb|gjxd ex i`~ g`ljg t|d' jbh he||dmebjxd ex"

K@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Kdbd~jg jhjqxjxe`b

|ubh~`md &KJ\%Ehdbxeied| xf~dd |xjkd| `i ~d|q`b|d x` j |x~d||`~3 jgj~m' ~d|e|xjbld' jbh dvfjt|xe`b"

K@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxKdbd~jg dbye~`bmdbx

Xfe| dbye~`bmdbx eblgthd| xfd n~`jh |dx `i hemdb|e`b| jbh ijlx`~| {exfeb {felf xfd ~kjbesjxe`b qd~jxd|' eblgthebk q`gexeljg-

gdkjg' |`le`ltgxt~jg' xdlfb`g`keljg' dl`b`mel' jbh ebxd~bjxe`bjg ijlx`~|"

K@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Kd`k~jqfel

hdqj~xmdbxjxe`b^dgjxeydgu |dgi-l`bxjebdh tbex| hdgeyd~ jb `~kjbesjxe`b+| q~`htlx| ~ |d~yeld| eb j |qdleiel kd`k~jqfel xd~~ex`~u"

Qjkd

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

38/110

K@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Kd`k~jqfel-nj|dh

|x~tlxt~dJ xuqd i |x~tlxt~d eb {felf q~`htlx gebd|' |d~yeld|' jbh/`~ itblxe`b| j~d ~kjbesdh nu g`ljxe`b"

K@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Kgj|| ldegebkJ xd~m xfjx ~did~| x` xfd mjbu nj~~ed~| xfjx ljb dve|x x` xf{j~x j {`mjb+| ~e|d x` xfd x`q `i jb `~kjbesjxe`b? `bd xfjx q~`yehd| j

yed{ `i xfd x`q' ntx j ldegebk `b f`{ ij~ j {`mjb ljb k`"

K@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxKg`njg ie~m

Ie~m| j~d l`b|ehd~dh kg`njg ei xfdu q~`htld fekf-ztjgexu q~`htlx| xfjx ljb nd |`gh jbu{fd~d jl~`|| kg`nd' j~d ebxd~bjxe`bjg eb

xfde~ xfeboebk' jbh dvqjx~ejxd| i~`m j~`tbh xfd kg`nd l`mq~e|d xfde~ mjbjkd~ejg q``g"

K@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

K`jg jlldqxjbld Xfd dvxdbx x` {felf j qd~|`b jlldqx| j k`jg j| fe| `~ fd~ `{b"

K@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxK`jg l`mmexmdbx Xfd dvxdbx x` {felf j qd~|`b e| qd~|`bjggu ebxd~d|xdh eb ~djlfebk j k`jg"

K@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxK`jg l`mqjxenegexu Xfd dvxdbx x` {felf xfd k`jg| `i m`~d xfjb `bd qd~|`b `~ k~`tq ljb nd jlfedydh jx xfd |jmd xemd"

K@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxK`jg heiieltgxu Xfd dvxdbx x` {felf j k`jg e| lfjggdbkebk jbh ~dzte~d| dii`~x"

Qjkd

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

39/110

K@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxK`jg |dxxebk

J m`xeyjxe`bjg xdlfbeztd xfjx t|d| |qdleiel' lfjggdbkebk' jbh jlldqxjngd k`jg| jbh q~`yehd| iddhnjlo x` dbfjbld

qd~i`~mjbld"

K@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

K`jg |qdleielexu Xfd lgj~exu jbh q~dle|e`b `i j k`jg"

K@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxK`jg xfd`~u J xfd`~u {felf j~ktd| xfjx d|xjnge|febk itxt~d qd~i`~mjbld xj~kdx| ljb fdgq m`xeyjxd dmqg`udd|"

K@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

K`jg| Xfd fekfd|x-gdydg ncdlxeyd i jb ~kjbesjxe`b' q~`cdlx' ~ q~`k~jm"

K@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxK~jqdyebd Jb ~kjbesjxe`b+| ebi`~mjg l`mmtbeljxe`b bdx{`~o"

K@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxK~`tq X{` `~ m`~d qd`qgd {f` ebxd~jlx {exf `bd jb`xfd~ |tlf xfjx djlf qd~|`b ebigtdbld| jbh e| ebigtdbldh nu xfd `xfd~ qd~|`b"

K@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxK~`tq l`fd|eydbd|| Xfd hdk~dd x` {felf j k~`tq e| d|qdlejggu jxx~jlxeyd x` ex| mdmnd~|"

Qjkd

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

40/110

K@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxK~`tq l`mq`|exe`b Xfd hdk~dd `i |emegj~exu `~ heiid~dbld jm`bk k~`tq mdmnd~| eb ijlx`~| emq`~xjbx x` xfd k~`tq+| {`~o"

K@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

K~`tq ebxd~yed{ J xdlfbeztd xfjx t|d| j &|mjgg% btmnd~ `i ebi`~mjbx| x` l`ggdlx qd~ldqxe`b| jbh `qebe`b|"

K@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

K~`tq qd~i`~mjbld

ijlx`~|

Xfd qd~i`~mjbld ijlx`~| j~d l`mq`|exe`b' |esd' b`~m|' jbh l`fd|eydbd||" Xfdu jiidlx xfd |tlld|| `i xfd k~`tq eb itgieggebk ex|

k`jg|"

K@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

K~`tq q`gj~esjxe`b Xfd xdbhdblu i`~ j k~`tq+| jyd~jkd q`|x-he|lt||e`b jxxexthd| x` nd m`~d dvx~dmd xfdb ex| jyd~jkd q~d-he|lt||e`b jxxexthd|"

K@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxK~`tq |esd Xfd btmnd~ `i mdmnd~| `i xfd k~`tq? ex jiidlx| xfd btmnd~ `i ~d|`t~ld| jyjegjngd x` qd~i`~m xfd xj|o"

K@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxK~`tq xfebo

Xfd ljqjlexu i`~ k~`tq q~d||t~d x` hjmjkd xfd mdbxjg diieledblu' ~djgexu xd|xebk' jbh m`~jg cthkmdbx `i hdle|e`b-mjoebk

k~`tq|"

K@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxK~`tqxfebo

^did~| x` j |extjxe`b eb {felf q~d||t~d| i`~ l`fd|e`b jbh x`kdxfd~bd|| j~d |` |x~`bk j| x` q~`htld bj~~`{gu l`b|ehd~dh jbh

njh hdle|e`b|? xfe| ljb nd d|qdlejggu x~td yej l`bi`~mexu q~d||t~d| eb k~`tq|"

Qjkd 81 `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

41/110

K@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxK~`{xf bddh |x~dbkxf Xfd dvxdbx x` {felf qd`qgd hd|e~d x` jlfedyd fekfd~-`~hd~ bddh |jxe|ijlxe`b nu qd~i`~mebk xfde~ c`n|"

K@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

K~`{xf bddh| J ljxdk`~u eb Mj|g`{+| fed~j~lfu i bddh|" Ex eblgthd| d|xddm jbh |dgi-jlxtjgesjxe`b bddh|"

F@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxFjg` diidlx Xfd ~jxebk `i jb ebheyehtjg `b `bd x~jex `~ lfj~jlxd~e|xel xdbh| x` l`g`~ ~jxebk| `b `xfd~ x~jex| `~ lfj~jlxd~e|xel|"

F@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxFj~h ljqjlexed| Xfd xjbkengd j||dx| jbh ~d|`t~ld| `i jb ~kjbesjxe`b' |tlf j| ex| gjbh' nteghebk|' ijlegexed|' qd~|`bbdg' jbh dzteqmdbx"

F@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxFj~|fbd|| Xfd xdbhdblu x` qd~ldeyd xfd c`n qd~i`~mjbld i ~jxdd| j| d|qdlejggu ebdiidlxeyd"

F@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxFj{xf`~bd diidlx

J ijy`~jngd ~d|q`b|d nu |tncdlx| eb jb `~kjbesjxe`bjg dvqd~emdbx xfjx e| xfd ~d|tgx `i j ijlx`~ `xfd~ xfjb xfd ebhdqdbhdbx

yj~ejngd xfjx e| i`~mjggu ndebk mjbeqtgjxdh"

F@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxFj{xf`~bd \xthed|

L`bhtlxdh ndx{ddb :5>; jbh :5' xfd|d |xthed| gdh x` |`md `i xfd ie~|x he|l`yd~ed| `i xfd emq`~xjbld `i ftmjb ndfjye`t~ eb

`~kjbesjxe`b|"

Qjkd 8: `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

42/110

F@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Fd~|du jbh

Ngjblfj~h m`hdg

Xfe| m`hdg `i gdjhd~|feq ehdbxeied| heiid~dbx l`mnebjxe`b| `i gdjhd~|feq q~d|tmdh x` {`~o nd|x {exf heiid~dbx gdydg| `i

`~kjbesjxe`bjg mjxt~exu b xfd qj~x i i`gg`{d~|"

F@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Fd~snd~k+| x{`-ijlx`~

xfd`~u

M`xeyjxe`b xfd`~u {felf j~ktd| xfjx xfd ijlx`~| {felf ljt|d |jxe|ijlxe`b b xfd c`n j~d heiid~dbx xfjb xf`|d {felf ljt|d

he||jxe|ijlxe`b"

F@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxFdt~e|xel|

Hdle|e`b mjoebk |f`~xltx| xfjx dyd~u`bd hdydg`q| yd~ xemd jbh t|d x` hdjg {exf xfd mu~ejh i hjegu hdle|e`b|? ljb |`mdxemd|

gdjh j mjbjkd~ j|x~ju' qj~xeltgj~gu ei xfdu j~d t|dh j| |f`~xltx|"

F@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxFed~j~lfu `i bddh| Mj|g`{+| fed~j~lfu j||tmd| ftmjb bddh| j~d j~~jbkdh eb j fed~j~lfu i emq`~xjbld"

F@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxFebh|ekfx Xfd xdbhdblu x` ~dyed{ j hdle|e`b-mjoebk q~`ld|| x` iebh {fjx {j| h`bd ~ekfx `~ {~`bk"

F@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

F`~es`bxjg

l`mmtbeljxe`bEbi`~mjxe`b xfjx ig`{| ndx{ddb hdqj~xmdbx| ~ itblxe`bjg tbex|' t|tjggu j| j mdjb| `i l``~hebjxebk dii`~x"

F@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

F`~es`bxjg c`n

g`jhebk

Geod yd~xeljg g`jhebk' xfe| eby`gyd| l`mnebebk xj|o|' ntx tbgeod xfjx xdlfbeztd xfd jhhexe`bjg xj|o| j~d jhhdh {exf`tx ~dzte~ebk

jhhexe`bjg |oegg|%"

Qjkd 8> `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

43/110

F@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxFtmjb ljqjlexed| Xfd ob`{gdhkd' |oegg|' jbh jxxexthd| `i xfd mdmnd~| `i jb `~kjbesjxe`b"

F@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Ftmjb ~kjbesjxe`b ^db|e| Geod~x+| ~kjbesjxe`b jqq~`jlf xfjx e| nj|dh `b |tqq`~xeyd ~dgjxe`b|feq|' qj~xeleqjxe`b' jbh yd~gjqqebk {`~o k~`tq|"

F@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Ftmjb ~dgjxe`b|

jqq~`jlf

X``o xfd yed{ xfjx xfd nd|x {ju x` emq~`yd q~`htlxe`b {j| x` ~d|qdlx {`~od~| jbh |f`{ l`bld~b i`~ xfde~ bddh|" Ndljmd

q`qtgj~ eb xfd :5>1| jbh ~dmjebdh ebigtdbxejg xf~`tkf xfd :541|"

F@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Ftmjb ~dgjxe`b|

m`ydmdbx

J l~exeztd i lgj||eljg mjbjkdmdbx jbh nt~djtl~jlu xfjx jhy`ljxdh mjbjkdmdbx |xugd| xfjx {d~d m`~d qj~xeleqjxeyd jbh

`~edbxdh x`{j~h dmqg`udd bddh|"

F@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Fun~eh

hdqj~xmdbxjxe`bJ |x~tlxt~d nj|dh `b |`md mevxt~d `i itblxe`bjg' q~`htlx' kd`k~jqfel' `~ lt|x`md~ hdqj~xmdbxjxe`b"

F@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxFukedbd ijlx`~| Xfd ijlx`~| eb Fd~snd~k+| xfd`~u xfjx ljt|d he||jxe|ijlxe`b &d"k"' {`~oebk l`bhexe`b|' qju' jbh l`{`~od~ ~dgjxe`b|%"

F@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxFuqd~yekegjbld J i~jbxel' |tqd~ielejg qt~|tex i |`md |jxe|ielebk |x~jxdku"

Qjkd 8< `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

44/110

F@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxFuq`xfd|e| J i`~mjg |xjxdmdbx `i xfd dvqdlxdh ~dgjxe`b|feq ndx{ddb x{` yj~ejngd|"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Ehdj lfjmqe`b| Qd`qgd {f` ~dl`kbesd jb ebb`yjxeyd ehdj jbh ktehd ex x` emqgdmdbxjxe`b"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEhdjg nt~djtl~jlu

[dnd~+| m`hdg xfjx e| lfj~jlxd~esdh nu j fed~j~lfu `i jtxf`~exu jbh j |u|xdm `i ~tgd| jbh q~`ldht~d| hd|ekbdh x` l~djxd jb

`qxemjggu diidlxeyd |u|xdm i`~ gj~kd ~kjbesjxe`b|"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEhdbxeieljxe`b L`bi`~mexu x` j |`lejg b`~m q~`m`xdh nu qd~ldqxe`b| xfjx xf`|d {f` q~`m`xd xfd b`~m j~d jxx~jlxeyd `~ |emegj~ x` `bd|dgi"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEhe`|ubl~j|u l~dhex| \`lejg l~dhex| dj~bdh i~`m ~dktgj~ l`bi`~mexu x` k~`tq b`~m| xfjx jgg`{ `llj|e`bjg hdyejbld i~`m xfd b`~m|"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEgg-|x~tlxt~dh q~`ngdm J q~`ngdm i`~ {felf xfd dve|xebk jbh hd|e~dh |xjxd| j~d tblgdj~ jbh xfd mdxf`h `i kdxxebk x` xfd hd|e~dh |xjxd e| tbob`{b"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEmqjlx

Jbu diidlx' {fdxfd~ jbxeleqjxdh ~ tbjbxeleqjxdh' q`|exeyd ~ bdkjxeyd' n~`tkfx jn`tx nu j hdydg`qmdbx ebxd~ydbxe`b" Eb |`md

lj|d|' emqjlx ~did~| x` xfd g`bk-xd~m diidlx| `i jb ebxd~ydbxe`b `b n~`jh hdydg`qmdbx k`jg|"

Qjkd 88 `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

45/110

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEmqdxt| Q~`yehebk emqdxt| eby`gyd| xfd mjbjkd~ q~`yehebk j |x~`bk ebldbxeyd i`~ xfd he|qtxdbx| x` ~djlf jb jk~ddmdbx b xfde~ {b"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Emqgdmdbxjxe`b

xdjm|

K~`tq| i ebheyehtjg| i~`m yj~e`t| itblxe`bjg k~`tq| {f` j~d ~d|q`b|engd i`~ dbjlxebk lfjbkd eb ~kjbesjxe`b|"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Emqgelex qd~|`bjgexu

xfd`~ed|Qd~|`bjg xfd`~ed| xfjx qd`qgd fjyd jn`tx {felf qd~|`bjgexu lfj~jlxd~e|xel| k` x`kdxfd~"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Emq~d||e`b

mjbjkdmdbxJ he~dlx jbh ebxdbxe`bjg dii`~x nu |`md`bd x` dbfjbld fe| `~ fd~ `{b emjkd eb xfd dud| `i `xfd~|"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbldbxeyd |u|xdm|

Qgjb| eb {felf dmqg`udd| ljb dj~b jhhexe`bjg l`mqdb|jxe`b eb ~dxt~b i`~ ld~xjeb xuqd| i qd~i`~mjbld" ebltnjxe`b J qd~e`h i

gd||-ebxdb|d l`b|le`t| l`bldbx~jxe`b ht~ebk {felf j l~djxeyd qd~|`b e| jngd x` gdx xfd ob`{gdhkd jbh ehdj| jlzte~dh ht~ebk

q~dqj~jxe`b mjxt~d jbh hdydg`q"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbhdqdbhdbx yj~ejngd Xfd yj~ejngd xfjx e| mjbeqtgjxdh `~ lfjbkdh eb jb dvqd~emdbx"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbheljx`~

Ztjbxexjxeyd `~ ztjgexjxeyd ijlx`~ `~ yj~ejngd xfjx q~`yehd| j |emqgd jbh ~dgejngd mdjb| x` mdj|t~d jlfedydmdbx' x` ~digdlx xfd

lfjbkd| l`bbdlxdh x` jb ebxd~ydbxe`b' `~ x` fdgq j||d|| xfd qd~i`~mjbld `i j hdydg`qmdbx jlx`~"

Qjkd 84 `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

46/110

E@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Ebhe~dlx t|d `i

dyjgtjxe`b ~d|tgx|

L`bldqxtjg t|d i dyjgtjxe`b ~d|tgx| eb hdle|e`b mjoebk" did~| x` jb ebxdggdlxtjg jbh k~jhtjg q~`ld|| eb {felf xfd hdle|e`b-

mjod~ e| gdh x` j m`~d jhdztjxd jqq~dlejxe`b `i xfd q~`ngdm| jhh~d||dh nu xfd q`gelu `~ q~`k~jm"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Ebheyehtjg heiid~dbld| Xfd qd~|`bjg jxx~entxd| xfjx yj~u i~`m `bd qd~|`b x` jb`xfd~"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Ebheyehtjge|xel y|"

L`ggdlxeyd

Ebheyehtjge|xel |`ledxed| |x~d|| ebhdqdbhdbld' ebheyehtjg ebexejxeyd' jbh q~eyjlu" L`ggdlxeyd ltgxt~d| ijy`~ ebxd~hdqdbhdbld jbh

g`ujgxu x` ijmegu ~ lgjb"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbhtldmdbx| Xfd xjbkengd ~ ebxjbkengd ~d{j~h| ~kjbesjxe`b| q~`yehd ebheyehtjg|"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbdztexu Xfd ndgedi xfjx {d j~d ndebk x~djxdh tbije~gu eb ~dgjxe`b x` `xfd~|"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbigtdbld Xfd jnegexu x` jiidlx xfd qd~ldqxe`b|' jxxexthd|' ~ ndfjye`t~| i xfd~|"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbigtdbld xjlxel| Xjlxel| xfjx j~d t|dh x` l`byd~x q`{d~ ebx` jlxtjg ebigtdbld `yd~ `xfd~|"

Qjkd 89 `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

47/110

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbi`~mjg k~`tq| K~`tq| xfjx dmd~kd bjxt~jggu eb ~d|q`b|d x` xfd l`mm`b ebxd~d|x| i `~kjbesjxe`bjg mdmnd~|"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Ebi`~mjxe`b

hdqdbhdbld

^dgejbld `b `xfd~| i`~ ebi`~mjxe`b jn`tx f`{ x` xfebo' iddg' jbh jlx"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbi`~mjxe`b `yd~g`jh Xfd ~dldqxe`b `i m`~d ebi`~mjxe`b xfjb e| bdld||j~u x` mjod diidlxeyd hdle|e`b|"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbi`~mjxe`b ~elfbd|| Xfd q`xdbxejg ebi`~mjxe`b-lj~~uebk ljqjlexu i j l`mmtbeljxe`b mdhetm"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbi`~mjxe`bjg ~`gd| Xfd~d j~d xf~dd odu ebi`~mjxe`bjg ~`gd|3 xfd m`bex`~' xfd he||dmebjx`~' jbh xfd |q`od|qd~|`b"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Ebi`~mjxe`b-

q~`ld||ebk m`hdg|^jxe`bjg m`hdg| xfjx i`lt| `b dyjgtjxebk xfd ztjgexu jbh ~dgjxeyd {dekfx `i yj~e`t| qedld| `i ebi`~mjxe`b xfjx bddh x` nd

l`mnebdh x`kdxfd~ x` ~djlf j hdle|e`b"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbexejxebk |x~tlxt~d Xfd hdk~dd x` {felf j gdjhd~ l`bldbx~jxd| `b k~`tq k`jg jxxjebmdbx"

Qjkd 8; `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

@ e xe E exe xe x x

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

48/110

E@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Ebexejxebk-|x~tlxt~d

ndfjye`t~Eby`gyd| lgdj~gu hdiebebk xfd gdjhd~-|tn`~hebjxd ~`gd| |` xfjx |tn`~hebjxd| ob`{ {fjx e| dvqdlxdh i xfdm"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbb`yjxe`b Xfd q~`ld|| i hdydg`qebk jbh emqgdmdbxebk bd{ ehdj| eb jb ~kjbesjxe`b"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbqtx| Jbuxfebk xfjx qd`qgd keyd tq' iid~' ~ x~jhd x` xfde~ ~kjbesjxe`b eb dvlfjbkd i`~ `txl`md|"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Ebzte|ex`~ejg

ebxd~ydbxe`bEby`gyd| j mjbjkd~ |`gelexebk dyehdbld i~`m xfd he|qtxdbx| jbh xfdb mjoebk j hdle|e`b"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEb|ekfx

Xfd |xjkd eb xfd l~djxeyd q~`ld|| {fdb jgg xfd |ljxxd~dh xf`tkfx| jbh ehdj| xfjx {d~d mjxt~ebk ht~ebk ebltnjxe`b l`md

x`kdxfd~ x` q~`htld j n~djoxf~`tkf"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEb|xextxe`b

J |`lejggu |jblxe`bdh jbh mjebxjebdh |dx i d|xjnge|fdh q~jlxeld|' b`~m|' ndfjye`~|' ~ ~dgjxe`b|feq| &e"d" x~jhd ~dktgjxe`b|'

gjbh xdbt~d' njboebk |u|xdm|' jbh jb `~kjbesjxe`b| |xjii ~tgd|% xfjx qd~|e|x yd~ xemd eb |tqq`~x i l`ggdlxeydgu yjgtdh

qt~q`|d|" Eb|xextxe`b| fjyd n`xf i`~mjg jbh ebi`~mjg ~tgd| jbh dbi`~ldmdbx mdlfjbe|m| xfjx |fjqd xfd ndfjye`~ i ebheyehtjg|

jbh ~kjbesjxe`b| eb |`ledxu"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEb|xextxe`bjg gdj~bebk

Xfd gdj~bebk xfjx xjod| qgjld jm`bk ebheyehtjg| eb heiid~dbx ~kjbesjxe`b| jbh k~`tq|' {f` j~d {`~oebk x`kdxfd~ x` jlfedyd j

l`mm`b dbh jbh' eb qj~xeltgj~' x` ebhtld eb|xextxe`bjg lfjbkd"

Qjkd 86 `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

@~kjbesjxe`b

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

49/110

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEb|x~tmdbxjgexu Xfd q~`njnegexu xfjx j qj~xeltgj~ ie~|x-gdydg txl`md {egg nd i`gg`{dh nu j qj~xeltgj~ |dl`bh-gdydg txl`md"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbxdk~jxe`b Xfd q~`ld|| i jxxjebebk l``~hebjxe`b jl~`|| heiid~dbxejxdh hdqj~xmdbx|"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Ebxdk~jxeyd

bdk`xejxe`b[eb-{eb bdk`xejxe`b xfjx j||tmd| xfjx mtxtjg q~`ngdm |`gyebk ljb dbgj~kd xfd j||dx| x` nd heyehdh ndx{ddb qj~xed|"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbxdk~jx`~| @~kjbesjxe`bjg mdmnd~| qd~mjbdbxgu j||ekbdh x` ijlegexjxd l``~hebjxe`b ndx{ddb hdqj~xmdbx|"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbxdbxe`b J l`mq`bdbx i jb jxxexthd xfjx ktehd| jb ebheyehtjg+| ndfjye`t~"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbxd~jlxe`bjge|m \tkkd|x| xfjx ebheyehtjg| jbh |extjxe`b| ebxd~jlx l`bxebt`t|gu x` hdxd~mebd ebheyehtjg|+ ndfjye`t~"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbxd~d|x k~`tq| Qj~xed| ~ ~kjbesjxe`b| xfd~ xfjb he~dlx l`mqdxex`~| xfjx fjyd |`md yd|xdh ebxd~d|x eb f`{ jb ~kjbesjxe`b e| mjbjkdh"

Qjkd 85 `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

E@~kjbesjxe`b Ebxd~g`loebk

J l`bhexe`b dve|xebk {fdb `bd qd~|`b |d~yd| `b x{` `~ m`~d n`j~h| `i he~dlx`~|

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

50/110

EMjbjkdmdbx he~dlx`~jxd|

J l`bhexe`b dve|xebk {fdb `bd qd~|`b |d~yd| `b x{` `~ m`~d n`j~h| `i he~dlx`~|"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbxd~bjg jxx~entxe`b

J|l~enebk/j||ekbebk xfd ljt|d `i j qd~|`b+| ndfjye`~ jx {`~o x` |`mdxfebk jn`tx xfdm &d"k' xfde~ dii`~x' xfde~ ebbjxd jnegexu'

dxl"%"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbxd~bjg lj~dd~

Xfd ebheyehtjg+| ebxd~q~dxjxe`b i ncdlxeyd {`~o dvqd~edbld| ob`{ bgu i~`m j qd~|`b+| {b |tncdlxeyd |db|d `i dvxd~bjg

dydbx|"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbxd~bjg dbye~`bmdbx

Ijlx`~| eb|ehd jb ~kjbesjxe`b xfjx mjod tq xfd ~kjbesjxe`b| qd~|`bjgexu' jbh {felf ebigtdbld xfd ~kjbesjxe`b|

l`fd|eydbd|| jbh xfd dbd~ku ex he|qgju| qt~|tebk ex| k`jg|" Ijlx`~| xfjx mjod tq xfd ebxd~bjg dbye~`bmdbx eblgthd3 xfd

`~kjbesjxe`b| ltgxt~d' qd~i`~mjbld-~dgjxdh ebldbxeyd' jbh ~d{j~h| |u|xdm|' xfd eb|xextxe`bjg lgemjxd eb kdbd~jg' xfd fe|x`~u jbh

x~jhexe`b| i xfd ~kjbesjxe`b' gdjhd~|feq jbh mjbjkdmdbx |xugd' xfd dve|xdbld i j kdbd~jggu ~dl`kbesdh jbh jlldqxdh me||e`b|xjxdmdbx' jbh |fj~dh b`~m| jbh yjgtd| xfjx q~`m`xd xdjm{`~o eb xfd qt~|tex `i xfd `~kjbesjxe`b| k`jg|"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbxd~bjgesjxe`b L`bi`~mexu x` j |`lejg b`~m q~`mqxdh nu x~td jlldqxjbld `i xfd ndgedi|' yjgtd|' jbh jxxexthd| xfjx tbhd~ged xfd b`~m"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Ebxd~bjxe`bjg ie~mXf`|d ie~m| {f` fjyd ~d|q`bhdh x` |xeii l`mqdxexe`b h`md|xeljggu nu dvqjbhebk xfde~ |jgd| jn~`jh" Xfdu mju |xj~x j

q~`htlxe`b ijlegexu yd~|dj| jbh |dbh |`md i xfde~ mjbjkd~|' {f` ~dq`~x x` j kg`njg heye|e`b' x` xfjx l`tbx~u"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbxd~qd~|`bjg l`bigelx J q~`ld|| xfjx llt~| {fdb bd qd~|`b' k~`tq' ~ `~kjbesjxe`bjg |tntbex i~t|x~jxd| xfd k`jg jxxjebmdbx i jb`xfd~"

Qjkd 41 `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

@~kjbesjxe`b Ebxd~qd~|`bjg

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

51/110

E@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Ebxd~qd~|`bjg

hdmjbh|\x~d||`~| j||`lejxdh {exf k~`tq q~d||t~d|' gdjhd~|feq' jbh qd~|`bjgexu l`bigelx|"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbxd~qd~|`bjg ~`gd| Xfd~d j~d xf~dd emq`~xjbx ebxd~qd~|`bjg ~`gd|3 xfd iekt~dfdjh' xfd gdjhd~' jbh xfd geje|`b"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbxd~qd~|`bjg |oegg| Xfd mjbjkd~ t|d| ebxd~qd~|`bjg |oegg| x` l`mmtbeljxd {exf' tbhd~|xjbh' jbh m`xeyjxd ebheyehtjg| jbh k~`tq|"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbxd~~`gd l`bigelx \dyd~jg ~`gd| fdgh nu j ~`gd `lltqjbx eby`gyd ebl`mqjxengd dvqdlxjxe`b|"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Ebxd~|dbhd~ ~`gd

l`bigelxX{` ~ m`~d ~`gd |dbhd~| q~`yehd j ~`gd `lltqjbx {exf ebl`mqjxengd dvqdlxjxe`b|"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbx~jq~dbdt~|feq Jb dbx~dq~dbdt~ejg jlxeyexu xfjx xjod| qgjld {exfeb xfd l`bxdvx `i j gj~kd `~kjbesjxe`b"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Ebx~j|dbhd~ ~`gd

l`bigelxJ |ebkgd ~`gd |dbhd~ q~`yehd| ebl`mqjxengd dvqdlxjxe`b| x` j ~`gd lltqjbx"

Qjkd 4: `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

E e e e e

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

52/110

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbx~eb|el m`xeyjxe`b M`xeyjxe`b xfjx |xdm| i~`m xfd he~dlx ~dgjxe`b|feq ndx{ddb xfd {`~od~ jbh xfd xj|o? ex e| t|tjggu |dgi-jqqgedh"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxEbxtexe`b

Q~`ngdm ehdbxeieljxe`b jbh |`gyebk nj|dh b |u|xdmjxel dhtljxe`b jbh dvqd~edbld| xfjx g`ljxd q~`ngdm| {exfeb j bdx{`~o i

q~dye`t|gu jlzte~dh ebi`~mjxe`b"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxE|gjmel gj{

J l`hd-nj|dh gdkjg |u|xdm xedh x` ~dgeke`t| |xeqtgjxe`b| qtx i`~xf eb xfd O`~jb" [fegd b`x |x~elxgu j gdkjg |u|xdm' xfd O`~jb h`d|

jhh~d|| nt|ebd|| l`bld~b| |tlf j| xfd bddh x` f`b`~ jk~ddmdbx| jbh x` t| k``h ijexf eb ebxd~jlxe`b|"

E@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

E|`gjxd &e|`gjxdh

hujh%Xdbh x` {`~o jg`bd jbh x` ebxd~jlx jbh l`mmtbeljxd gexxgd {exf `xfd~|"

C@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxCj~k`b \qdlejgesdh gjbktjkd t|dh nu c`n f`ghd~| ~ mdmnd~| `i qj~xeltgj~ lltqjxe`b| ~ ~kjbesjxe`b|"

C@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxC`n jbjgu|e|

Xfd q~`ld|| i |u|xdmjxeljggu kjxfd~ebk ebi`~mjxe`b jn`tx |qdleiel c`n| x` t|d eb hdydg-`qebk j qd~i`~mjbld mdj|t~dmdbx

|u|xdm' x` {~exd c`n `~ q`|exe`b hd|l~eqxe`b|' jbh x` hdydg`q dztexjngd qju |u|xdm|" % c`n-ldbx~dh gdjhd~ ndfjye`t~ Eby`gyd|

qjuebk lg`|d jxxdbxe`b x` xfd {`~o `i |tn`~hebjxd|' dv-qgjebebk {`~o q~`ldht~d|' jbh hdm`b|x~jxebk j |x~`bk ebxd~d|x eb

qd~i`~mjbld"

C@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

C`n lfj~jlxd~e|xel|

jqq~`jlfI`lt|d| `b xfd m`xeyjxe`bjg jxx~entxd| `i c`n|"

Qjkd 4> `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

C@~kjbesjxe`b C`n lfj~jlxd~e|xel| J m`hdg `i f`{ x` qtx db~elfmdbx eb q~jlxeld' {felf eby`gyd| -jm`bk `xfd~ xfebk| - lfjbkebk c`n| |` xfjx xfdu q~`yehd m`~d

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

53/110

Ck

Mjbjkdmdbx m`hdg

q q ' k k k k c u q

iddhnjlo jbh jtx`b`mu x` xf`|d jlxtjggu h`ebk xfd c`n|"

C@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

C`n lfj~jlxd~e|xel|

xfd`~u

Ehdbxeied| xf~dd l~exeljg q|ulf`g`keljg |xjxd|3 dvqd~edbldh mdjbebkitgbd|| i xfd {`~o' dvqd~edbldh ~d|q`b|enegexu i`~ {`~o

`txl`md|' jbh ob`{gdhkd i ~d|tgx|"

C@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

C`n hdmjbh|-c`n

l`bx~`g m`hdg

J m`hdg xfjx j||d~x| xfjx c`n| q~`m`xd fekf |x~d|| {fdb xfdu mjod fekf hdmjbh| {fegd `iid~ebk gexxgd l`bx~`g `yd~ {`~o

hdle|e`b|"

C@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxC`n hd|ekb F`{ ~kjbesjxe`b| hdiebd jbh |x~tlxt~d c`n|"

C@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxC`n dbgj~kdmdbx

Eby`gyd| l`mnebebk mtgxeqgd xj|o| `bld qd~i`~mdh nu |dyd~jg qd`qgd ebx` `bd c`n" J| {exf ~`xjxe`b' ex e| hd|ekbdh x` ebl~dj|d

yj~edxu jbh ~dhtld n`~dh`m j||`lejxe`b {exf c`n |emqgeieljxe`b"

C@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxC`n db~elfmdbx Xfd hd|ekb `i c`n| x` dbfjbld ebx~eb|el m`xeyjxe`b jbh xfd ztjgexu `i {`~oebk geid"

C@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxC`n f`qqebk

@llt~| {fdb jb ebheyehtjg mjod| id{d~ jhct|xmdbx| {exfeb xfd ~kjbesjxe`b jbh m`yd| x` heiid~dbx ~kjbesjxe`b| x` jhyjbld

fe| `~ fd~ lj~dd~"

Qjkd 4< `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

C@~kjbesjxe`b

C`n ~dhd|ekb Dii`~x| nu ie~m| x` ~dhd|ekb f`{ {`~o e| h`bd x` jm`bk `xfd~ xfebk| ~dhtld c`n |x~d|| &he|lt||dh eb Lfjqxd~ 9 dj~ged~%

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

54/110

Ck

MjbjkdmdbxC`n ~dhd|ekb Dii`~x| nu ie~m| x` ~dhd|ekb f`{ {`~o e| h`bd x`' jm`bk `xfd~ xfebk|' ~dhtld c`n |x~d|| &he|lt||dh eb Lfjqxd~ 9 dj~ged~%"

C@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxC`n ~`xjxe`b Xfd q~jlxeld `i |feixebk {`~od~| x` heiid~dbx c`n| jx qd~e`hel ebxd~yjg|"

C@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxC`n |jxe|ijlxe`b J l`ggdlxe`b `i jxxexthd| xfjx {`~od~| fjyd jn`tx xfde~ c`n|"

C@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxC`n |fj~ebk Jb jgxd~bjxeyd {`~o |lfdhtgd eb {felf x{` qj~x-xemd dmqg`udd| heyehd xfd {`~o `i j itgg xemd c`n"

C@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxC`n |qdlejgesjxe`b Jhy`ljxdh nu |ledbxeiel mjbjkdmdbx' ex ljb fdgq emq~`yd diieledblu ntx ex ljb jg|` q~`m`xd m`b`x`bu jbh n`~dh`m"

C@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxC`ebx dyjgtjxe`b

Jb dyjgtjxe`b tbhd~xjodb nu x{` `~ m`~d qj~xed| x` jlfedyd j mtxtjg `ncdlxeyd" Xfd~d j~d yj~e`t| hdk~dd| `i c`ebxbd||

hdqdbhebk b xfd dvxdbx x` {felf ebheyehtjg qj~xbd~| l``qd~jxd eb xfd dyjgtjxe`b q~`ld||' md~kd xfde~ dyjgtjxe`b ~d|`t~ld|'

jbh l`mnebd xfde~ dyjgtjxe`b ~dq`~xebk" C`ebx dyjgtjxe`b ljb fdgq yd~l`md jxx~entxe`b q~`ngdm| eb j||d||ebk xfd diidlxeydbd||

`i q~`k~jm| jbh |x~jxdked|' xfd l`mqgdmdbxj~exed| `i dii`~x| |tqq`~xdh nu heiid~dbx qj~xbd~|' xfd ztjgexu `i jeh l``~hebjxe`b' dxl"

O@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Odu ebi`~mjbx

ebxd~yed{

Odu ebi`~mjbx| j~d xf`|d {f` ob`{' jbh j~d b`x bdld||j~egu ~dq~d|dbxjxeyd i j q`qtgjxe`b" Xfdu j~d lf`|db i`~ xfde~

ob`{gdhkd ~ he|xeblxeyd yed{q`ebx" Xfd odu ebi`~mjbx ebxd~yed{ mdxf`h i`~m| qj~x i i`lt|dh ebxd~yed{ xdlfbeztd| &j| he|xeblx

i~`m |jmqgd |t~ydu ebxd~yed{ebk% jbh e| k`yd~bdh nu xfd bddh x` ehdbxeiu j {ehd ~jbkd i heiid~dbx yed{q`ebx|"

Qjkd 48 `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

G@~kjbesjxe`b Gjn`~jx`~u

L~djxebk jb j~xeieljg |dxxebk |emegj~ x` j ~djg {`~o |extjxe`b x` jgg`{ l`bx~`g `yd~ jm`|x dyd~u q`||engd ijlx`~ eb xfjx |dxxebk

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

55/110

GMjbjkdmdbx dvqd~emdbx

L~djxebk jb j~xeieljg |dxxebk' |emegj~ x` j ~djg {`~o |extjxe`b x` jgg`{ l`bx~`g `yd~ jm`|x dyd~u q`||engd ijlx`~ eb xfjx |dxxebk"

G@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Gjxd~jg

l`mmtbeljxe`bL`mmtbeljxe`b xfjx ig`{| ~dgjxeydgu i~ddgu ndx{ddb qd`qgd i ~dgjxeydgu dztjg q`{d~ eb ~kjbesjxe`b|"

G@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Gdjhd~ qtbe|fmdbx

ndfjye`~Xfd gdjhd~+| t|d `i ~dq~emjbh| `~ tbijy`~jngd xj|o j||ekbmdbx| jbh xfd jlxeyd {exff`ghebk `i ~d{j~h|"

G@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Gdjhd~ ~d{j~h

ndfjye`~Xfd gdjhd~+| q~`ye|e`b i |tn`~hebjxd| {exf l`mqgemdbx|' xjbkengd ndbdiex|' jbh hd|d~ydh |qdlejg x~djxmdbx"

G@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Gdjhd~ |tn|xextxd|

xfd`~uJ jqq~`jlf {felf dvjmebd| f`{ yj~e`t| |extjxe`bjg ijlx`~| ljb dexfd~ |tn|xextxd i`~ gdjhd~|feq &mjoebk gdjhd~ ndfjye`~

tbbdld||j~u% ~ bdtx~jgesd xfd emqjlx i gdjhd~ ndfjye`~"

G@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Gdjhd~-ldbxd~dh

gdjhd~|feqJqq~`jlfd| xfjx x~u x` tbhd~|xjbh gdjhd~|feq nu i`lt|ebk b xfd gdjhd~+| x~jex|' |oegg|' jbh ndfjye`~|"

G@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Gdjhd~-mdmnd~

dvlfjbkd &GMV%

m`hdg

Xfe| m`hdg i gdjhd~|feq |x~d||d| xfjx gdjhd~| hdydg`q tbeztd {`~oebk ~dgjxe`b|feq| {exf djlf i xfde~ |tn`~hebjxd|"

Qjkd 44 `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

G@~kjbesjxe`b Gdjhd~-mdmnd~

Dvqgjeb| gdjhd~|feq eb xd~m| `i xfd ~dgjxe`b|feq xfjx hdydg`q| ndx{ddb gdjhd~| jbh |tn`~hebjxd| `yd~ xemd

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

56/110

GMjbjkdmdbx dvlfjbkd xfd`~u

Dvqgjeb| gdjhd~|feq eb xd~m| i xfd ~dgjxe`b|feq xfjx hdydg`q| ndx{ddb gdjhd~| jbh |tn`~hebjxd| yd~ xemd"

G@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxGdjhd~|feq

Xfd ljqjlexu x` j||d|| jbh ebxd~q~dx bddh| jbh qq`~xtbexed|' x` d|xjnge|f he~dlxe`b' x` ebigtdbld jbh jgekb xfd~| x`{j~h| j

l`mm`b jem' m`xeyjxebk jbh l`mmexxebk xfdm x` jlxe`b' jbh mjoebk xfdm ~d|q`b|engd i`~ xfde~ qd~i`~mjbld"

G@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxGdjhd~|feq K~eh

Dyjgtjxd| gdjhd~ ndfjye`t~ jg`bk x{` hemdb|e`b|l`bld~b i`~ q~`htlxe`b jbh l`bld~b i`~ qd`qgdjbh |tkkd|x| xfjx

diidlxeyd gdjhd~|feq |xugd| eblgthd fekf gdydg| i n`xf ndfjye`t~|"

G@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Gdjhd~|feq

|tn|xextxd|

Ebheyehtjg' xj|o' jbh ~kjbesjxe`bjg lfj~jlxd~e|xel| xfjx xdbh x` tx{dekf xfd gdjhd~+| jnegexu x` jiidlx |tn`~hebjxd|+ |jxe|ijlxe`b

jbh qd~i`~mjbld"

G@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxGdjhebk Xfd q~`ld|| i kdxxebk xfd ~kjbesjxe`b+| mdmnd~| x` {`~o x`kdxfd~ x`{j~h xfd ~kjbesjxe`b+| k`jg|"

G@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxGdj~bebk J ~dgjxeydgu qd~mjbdbx lfjbkd eb ndfjye`t~ ~ ndfjye`t~jg q`xdbxejg ~d|tgxebk i~`m he~dlx `~ ebhe~dlx dvqd~edbld"

G@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Gdj~bebk

`~kjbesjxe`bJ ie~m {felf yjgtd| l`bxebt`t| gdj~bebk jbh e| l`b|e|xdbxgu g``oebk x` jhjqx jbh lfjbkd {exf ex| dbye~`bmdbx"

Qjkd 49 `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

G@~kjbesjxe`b

M x

Gdj|x Q~did~~dh L`-

[ o &GQL%J lt~~dbx `~ qj|x l`-{`~od~ {exf {f`m j gdjhd~ fj| fjh j heiieltgx xemd jll`mqge|febk j xj|o"

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

57/110

GMjbjkdmdbx [`~od~ &GQL%

lt d x ` qj|x l` ` d x ` j djhd j| jh j h lt x x d jll` q | k j xj|

G@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxGdkexemjxd q`{d~ Q`{d~ hd~eydh i~`m j qd~|`b+| q`|exe`b `~ c`n eb jb `~kjbesjxe`b"

G@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxGdbedblu Xfd xdbhdblu x` qd~ldeyd xfd c`n qd~i`~mjbld i ~jxdd| j| d|qdlejggu k``h"

G@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxGeje|`b ~`gd Xfd j||ekbmdbx `i j qd~|`b x` fdgq jlfedyd l``~hebjxe`b ndx{ddb fe| `~ fd~ hdqj~xmdbx jbh jb`xfd~ hdqj~xmdbx"

G@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxGeid lfjbkd Jbu mdjbebkitg lfjbkd eb j qd~|`b+| qd~|`bjg `~ {`~o |extjxe`b? x`` mjbu geid lfjbkd| ljb gdjh x` fdjgxf q~`ngdm|"

G@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxGeid x~jtmj Jbu tqfdjyjg eb jb ebheyehtjg+| geid xfjx jgxd~| fe| ~ fd~ jxxexthd|' dm`xe`b|' ~ ndfjye`t~|"

G@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxGeboebk ~`gd J q`|exe`b i`~ j qd~|`b `~ k~`tq xfjx |d~yd| x` l``~hebjxd xfd jlxeyexed| `i x{` `~ m`~d `~kjbesjxe`bjg k~`tq|"

Qjkd 4; `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

G@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxG`lt| `i l`bx~`g J |dx `i ndgedi| jn`tx {fdxfd~ `bd+| ndfjye`~ e| l`bx~`ggdh mjebgu nu ebxd~bjg `~ dvxd~bjg i`~ld|"

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

58/110

k

G@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxG`kel m`hdg

J |emqgeiedh lfjeb i ~dgjxe`b|feq| xfjx q`~x~ju| xfd g`kel jbh j||tmqxe`b| tbhd~guebk j q~`k~jm ~ ebxd~ydbxe`b jbh f`{ ex

ebxdbh| x` jlfedyd ex| dvqdlxdh ~d|tgx|" Ex |xjxd| xfd g`kel `i xfd q~`k~jm' ehdbxeied| xfd j||tmqxe`b| `b {felf ex e| nj|dh' jbh

`txgebd| xfd g`keljg l`bbdlxe`b| ndx{ddb &j% xfd jlxeyexed| tbhd~xjodb' &n% xfd `txqtx| x` nd q~`htldh' &l% xfd emmdhejxd `~

|f`~x-xd~m `txl`md| xfjx j~d dvqdlxdh' jbh 5h% xfd tgxemjxd `~ g`bk-xd~m emqjlx| xfd q~`k~jm e| hd|ekbdh x` jlfedyd"

G@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

GQL xfd`~u `i

gdjhd~|feq\tkkd|x| xfjx j gdjhd~+| diidlxeydbd|| hdqdbh| b xfd |extjxe`b"

G@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxGtmq |tm n`bt| Md~ex qju xfjx e| j{j~hdh eb j |ebkgd qjumdbx jbh b`x ntegx ebx` nj|d qju"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxMjlfejydggejbe|m J qd~|`bjgexu x~jex" Qd`qgd {f` q`||d|| xfe| x~jex jlx x` kjeb q`{d~ jbh x` l`bx~`g xfd ndfjye`t~ `i `xfd~|"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxMjlfebd nt~djtl~jlu

Xfe| |x~tlxt~d e| xuqeljg i gj~kd' {dgg-d|xjnge|fdh ~kjbesjxe b|" Ex idjxt~d| j fekf hdk~dd i |qdlejgesjxe b jbh i`~mjgesjxe`b"

[exfeb xfe| |x~tlxt~d' hdle|e`b mjoebk e| t|tjggu l`bldbx~jxdh jx xfd x`q"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxMjbjkdmdbx

Xfd lgj||eljg yed{ dmqfj|esd| xfd mjbjkdmdbx itblxe`b| i qgjbbebk' ~kjbesebk' l`mmjbhebk' l``~hebjxebk' jbh

l`bx~`ggebkkdxxebk xfd {`~o h`bd nu xfd nd|x mdjb| jyjegjngd" M`~d ~dldbxgu' xfd dbjngebk ~`gd i mjbjkd~| fj| nddb

dmqfj|esdh' x` l~djxd xfd l`bhexe`b| tbhd~ {felf xfd {`~o {egg nd h`bd' jbh h`bd {dgg" Eb xfd l`bxdvx i jk~eltgxt~jg ~d|dj~lf'

mjbjkdmdbx eby`gyd| hdiebebk ~d|dj~lf k`jg|' |x~jxdked|' jbh q~e`~exed|? i`~mtgjxebk ~d|dj~lf q~`k~jm|? hdxd~mebebk

~d|q`b|enegexed|? jgg`ljxebk ~d|`t~ld|? gdjhebk' m`xeyjxebk' jbh |tqd~ye|ebk |xjii mdmnd~|? jbh mjebxjebebk ~dgjxe`b| {exf

|xjodf`ghd~|"

Qjkd 46 `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Mjbjkdmdbx nu

@ncdlxeyd| &MN@%Jb dgjn`~jxd' |u|xdmjxel' bk`ebk q~`k~jm x` ijlegexjxd k`jg d|xjnge|fmdbx' k`jg jll`mqge|fmdbx' jbh dmqg`udd hdydg`qmdbx"

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

59/110

Mjbjkdmdbx @ncdlxeyd| &MN@%

M@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxMjbjkdmdbx xdjm| L`b|e|x| `i mjbjkd~| i~`m yj~e`t| j~dj|? xfdu l``~hebjxd {`~o xdjm|"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxMj|ltgebexu

Xfd dvxdbx x` {felf xfd h`me-bjbx yjgtd| eb j |`ledxu dmqfj|esd jkk~d||eydbd|| jbh xfd jlzte|exe`b i m`bdu jbh mjxd~ejg

k``h|' ~jxfd~ xfjb l`bld~b i`~ qd`qgd' ~dgjxe`b|feq| jm`bk qd`qgd' jbh xfd yd~jgg ztjgexu i geid"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Mj|g`{+| fed~j~lfu i

bddh|

J ieyd-gdydg fed~j~lfeljg bddh xfd`~u i m`xeyjxe`b xfjx |qdleied| xfjx xfd g`{d|x-gdydg tb|jxe|iedh bddh fj| xfd k~djxd|x

m`xeyjxebk q`xdbxejg"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxMj|xd~u |xjkd Ebheyehtjg| hdydg`q j |x~`bkd~ jxxjlfmdbx x` xfde~ ~kjbesjxe`b| jbh g`|d |`md lj~dd~ igdvenegexu' jbh qd~i`~mjbld mju yj~u"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Mjx~ev

hdqj~xmdbxjxe`bDmqg`udd| ~dmjeb mdmnd~| `i j itblxe`bjg hdqj~xmdbx {fegd jg|` ~dq`~xebk x` j q~`htlx `~ q~`cdlx mjbjkd~"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxMjx~ev hd|ekb

L`mnebd| x{` heiid~dbx hd|ekb| x` kjeb xfd ndbdiex| i djlf" Xuqeljggu eb xfe| hd|ekb' j q~`htlx `~ q~`cdlx hdqj~xmdbxjgesjxe`b

|lfdmd jbh j itblxe`bjg |x~tlxt~d j~d l`mnebdh"

Qjkd 45 `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxMjx~ev |x~tlxt~d

J fun~eh jqq~`jlf x` ~kjbesebk {felf xuqeljggu l~`||d| j itblxe`bjg jqq~`jlf {exf j q~`htlx- ~ |d~yeld-nj|dh hd|ekb' ixdb

~d|tgxebk eb dmqg`udd| fjyebk x{` n`||d|

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

60/110

Mjbjkdmdbx ~d|tgxebk eb dmqg`udd| fjyebk x{` n`||d|"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxMjvemesjxe`b Xfd lf`eld i xfd hdle|e`b jgxd~bjxeyd {exf xfd k~djxd|x dvqdlxdh yjgtd"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

MlLgdggjbh+| xfd`~u

`i bddh|

J b`bfed~j~lfeljg bddh xfd`~u i m`xeyjxe`b xfjx txgebd| xfd l`bhexe`b| tbhd~ {felf ld~xjeb bddh| ~d|tgx eb qj~xeltgj~ qjxxd~b|

`i m`xeyjxe`b"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Mdlfjbe|xel

|x~tlxt~d|@~kjbesjxe`bjg |x~tlxt~d| lfj~jlxd~esdh nu xjggbd||' |qdlejgesjxe b' ldbx~jgesjxe`b' jbh i`~mjgesjxe`b"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxMdhejxe`b

Eby`gyd| xfd mjbjkd~ j||e|xebk xfd he|qtxjbx| eb xfd ~d|`gtxe`b i xfde~ l`bigelx nu l`bx~`ggebk xfd mjbbd~ eb {felf xfdu ebxd~jlx'

ntx {exf`tx i`~lebk j |`gtxe`b"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxMdhetm Xfd lfjbbdg `~ qjxf xf~`tkf {felf xfd md||jkd e| x~jb|mexxdh"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxMdbx`~

Jb `ghd~ jbh m`~d |dbe`~ qd~|`b eb xfd `~kjbesjxe`b {f` keyd| j ctbe`~ qd~|`b |qdlejg jxxdbxe`b' |tlf j| keyebk jhyeld jbh

l~djxebk qq`~xtbexed|"

Qjkd 91 `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxMd~ex qju qgjb| \u|xdm| xfjx jxxdmqx x` gebo qju x` qd~i`~mjbld `b {fexd-l`ggj~ c`n|"

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

61/110

Mjbjkdmdbx

M@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Melfekjb gdjhd~|feq

|xthed|Xfd|d |xthed|hdiebdh c`n-ldbx~dh jbh dmqg`udd-ldbx~dh gdjhd~|feq j| qq`|exd dbh| i j |ebkgd gdjhd~|feq hemdb|e`b"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxMe||e`b |xjxdmdbx Jb dvqgelex |xjxdmdbx i l`mqjbu qfeg`|`qfu xfjx q~`yehd| udx jb`xfd~ {ju x` l`mmtbeljxd ltgxt~d"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxM`hdgebk Xfd q~`ld|| `i emexjxebk xfd ndfjye`~ `i `xfd~|"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxM`bex`~ebk

M`bex`~ebk eby`gyd| l`bxebt`t|' |u|xdmjxel n|d~yjxe b jbh lfdloebk b jlxeyexed| jbh xfde~ ~d|tgx|" Xfd qt~q`|d e| x` db|t~d

xfjx jlxeyexed| j~d q~`lddhebk jll`~hebk x` qgjb' x` q~`yehd j ~dl`~h `i f`{ ebqtx| j~d t|dh' jbh x` {j~b `i hdyejxe`b| i~`m

ebexejg k`jg| jbh dvqdlxdh txl`md|"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxM`xeyjxebk ijlx`~| Xfd ijlx`~| eb Fd~snd~k+| xfd`~u xfjx ljt|d |jxe|ijlxe`b &d"k"' bddh i`~ jlfedydmdbx' lfjggdbkd' jbh ~dl`kbexe`b%

M@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxM`xeyjxe`b Xfd dvxdbx x` {felf qd~|e|xdbx dii`~x e| he~dlxdh x`{j~h j k`jg"

Qjkd 9: `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx &;96 Xd~m|% Q`{d~dh nu {{{"h~j{qjlo"l`m? Jgg ~ekfx| ~d|d~ydh"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

M`xeyjxe`b jbh

q~`htlxeyexu |xjkdJ |xjkd `i k~`tq hdydg`qmdbx eb {felf mdmnd~| l``qd~jxd' fdgq djlf `xfd~' jbh {`~o x`{j~h jll`mqge|febk xj|o|"

8/8/2019 Encyclopedia Organization Management

62/110

k q u k

M@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxM`xeyjxe`b ijlx`~| Xfd|d ijlx`~| j~d ebx~eb|el x` {`~o ex|dgi" Xfdu eblgthd xfebk| |tlf j| jlfedydmdbx jbh ~dl`kbexe`b"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxM`xeyd J ijlx`~ xfjx hdxd~mebd| j qd~|`b+| lf`eld `i `bd l`t~|d `i ndfjye`t~ i~`m jm`bk |dyd~jg q`||enegexed|"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Mtgxeltgxt~jg

`~kjbesjxe`b

Jb ~kjbesjxe`b eb {felf dmqg`udd| i mevdh njlok~`tbh|' dvqd~edbld|' jbh ltgxt~d| ljb l`bx~entxd jbh jlfedyd xfde~ itgg

q`xdbxejg i`~ xfd ndbdiex i n`xf xfdm|dgyd| jbh xfd ~kjbesjxe`b"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

Mjbjkdmdbx

Mtgxeltgxt~jg

`~edbxjxe`b@bd eb {felf dm-qg`udd| i mevdh njlok~`tbh|' dvqd~edbld|' jbh ltgxt~d| ljb l`bx~entxd jbh jlfedyd xfde~ itggd|x q`xdbxejg i`~

xfd ndbdiex i xfdm|dgyd| jbh xfd ~kjbesjxe`b"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxMtgxebjxe`bjg ie~m

Ie~m {f` qd~jxd dvxdb|eydgu eb xfd~ l`tbx~ed| jbh lg`|dgu l``~hebjxd dii`~x jl~`|| |tn|ehej~ed| eb xf`|d l`tbx~ed|" Xfdu xdbh

x` ~dgu m`~d `b i`~dekb bjxe`bjg| i`~ xfde~ mjbjkd~ejg xjgdbx"

M@~kjbesjxe`b

MjbjkdmdbxMtm diidlx Xfd xdbhdblu x` jy`eh l`mmtbeljxebk tbijy`~jngd bd{| x` `xfd~|"

Qjkd 9> `i ::1

Dblulg`qdhej @~kjbesjxe`b Mjbjkdmdbx