ENBE PROJECT 2 REPORT
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Transcript of ENBE PROJECT 2 REPORT
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
An Underground/Underwater City Plan Proposal
RHAPSODY| Live | Work | Learn | Play |
Name: Phua Jing Sern
ID Number:0314572
Course:Foundation in Natural and Built Environment
Intake:April 2013
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University1
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
Content
Introduction 3
A City 4-6
Investigation & Data Collection: The Ancient city 7-8
Investigation & Data Collection: The present cities 9-14
Investigation & Data Collection: The future cities 15-19
Dunwall: The Doomed City 20
Rhapsody: A Second Chance 21-27
The Process and Progress The Conclusion 28-32
References list 33-34
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University2
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
Introduction
For our final Element of Natural and Built Environment (ENBE) assignment, we
students were told that we are the mayor of a dying city and we are instructed to
propose a new and improved city plan that enhances the way the people live and
create a sustainable living environment for the future. Students can enhance the
current city, or have a choice to choose a whole new setting such as Underground,
Underwater, Floating on water, above the clouds, or a combination of any two
environments.
So for our task, we have to conduct vigorous research through online and books
references regarding on urban city planning and design and create a proposal of a
sustainable city environment. This assignment gives students the exposure of what
being an urban planner feels like, connecting the dots for the people to live.
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University3
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
A City
Definition
City (pronunciation: /ˈsɪti/): A center of population, commerce, and culture; a town of
significant size and importance.
A city is a place of business, connectivity, living, learning, an All-in-One package of
self-sustainability for the future generation to come that includes basic transportation
services; food, water and electrical supply; education opportunities and so much
more.
Brief History
Some of the earliest cities date back to 7500BC, through years of research and
development; planners develop connectivity system, such as the grid planning system
found back at 2600BC( Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa). With population rising, London
was the first to have exceeded a population of 1 million, a milestone in city
development during the Middle Ages. But it was only during the Industrial Age that
massive population and urbanization starting to rise, where transportation; proper
sewage managements and basic electrical, water and food supplies are provided
within reaches, just like how present city system works right now.
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University4
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
What Makes a City
A basic city consists of basic services provided to the people, such as:
Efficient electrical, water and food supplies.
Proper infrastructure such as highways, lighting and sewage managements.
Organized city zoning that distinguish the city and its environments
Basic public transportation such as busses and taxis.
Stunning monuments and vista that creates an identity of the city.
What Makes a GOOD City
But what makes a good city is a SUSTAINABLE city; a balance of social, economic and
the environment that surrounds it, ensuring stability of development for younger
generations to come, such as:
Using renewable energy solutions as power sources.
Homes and services are energy efficient.
Providing wide range of business and education opportunities.
Health, safety and security are accessible to all.
Areas of open space are safe, accessible and enjoyable.
Connectivity and communication planning that stronger the bonds of neighborhoods.
Great public places where people can congregate.
Promote walkability by providing large footpaths along its roads.
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University5
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
Low-carbon urban transportation to decrease pollution.
Public transportations are safe and efficient.
Waste are recycled and turned to resources.
What is a Future City
It’s hard to make a statement of what is a future city and what makes it futuristic as everyone
has their own minds and opinions. As for me, a future city consists of everything mentioned
previously above (What Makes a Good City). I’ve learnt that future cities don’t really need to
have flying cars swooping around the skyscrapers, or everything is designed all white, shiny
and curvy. Everything goes back to square one, a future city IS a sustainable city, and the
changes have already begun.
Copenhagen, Denmark aims a goal to be the world’s first carbon neutral capital by 2025, with
currently more than a third of the city’s 1.2 million people regularly cycle to work. Besides
that, Vancouver, Canada, consistently achieves worldwide “livable city” status, aims of
becoming the greenest city in the world by 2020 by running the city with renewable energies
such as hydroelectric power (Currently runs 90% of its supply), wind, solar, and wave power.
Last but not least, San Francisco, U.S., recently ranked as number one green city in North
America, recycles 77% of its waste, reserves nearly 20% of its land to green spaces, and has
more than 497 LEED-certified green building projects.
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University6
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
Investigation & Data Collection:Ancient Cities
Derinkuyu Underground City
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University7
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University8
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
Approximately built during the 8th-7th centuries B.C and located at Nevşehir Province, Turkey
in the Derinkuyu district, the Derinkuyu Underground City is considered as one of the
deepest underground city ever found today with an approximate depth of 85m.
The underground city is built
mainly to escape during the
attacks above ground due to
religious conflicts. With the
accommodation capacity of an
approximately 20,000 people, it
also holds a school complete
with study rooms, storage
rooms, refectories, churches, wineries and so much more. One of its interesting features is its
15,000 ventilation ducts with depth reaching as deep as 55m; provide fresh air and ventilation
deep within the underground city.
After reading through articles regarding about the history of Derinkuyu Underground City, it
proves that us humans will go beyond measure just for protection purposes, so far where they
created their own underground city through simple tools of digging.
One of the key elements I would like to extract from Derinkuyu Underground City is the uses
of large ventilation shafts to provide air ventilation underground, because it is one of the
biggest problems faced when proposing an underground city.
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University9
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
Investigation & Data Collection:Present Cities
Portland, Oregon
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University10
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
With the total city area of 375.78km2 of land and water, Portland, Oregon is a well-developed
city that has a well-organized management of economy; transportation; law and government;
culture and contemporary life; education and so much more. But what intrigued me to
research more about Portland is mainly its iconic variation of grid pattern designs.
Portland is well known for its well-
planned urban design with its variety
patterns of grid design. But everything
started out with basic squares back at the
1800s. Portland has a brief history of
renaming its streets over and over again
due to confusion complained by its people.
But as time goes by and the city develops outwards, different grid patterns emerges due to
planning experimentation and topography conditioning reasons, the patterns varies from basic
squares, to diagonals, to organic patterns, all developed within Portland’s land. (Samples at
page 11-12)
It’s interesting to see a time-lapse of a city developing its road system to suits the
convenience of its people, especially Portland’s grid system. And it is not limited to Portland
itself, these patterns can be also seen in different cities such as Barcelona. From this research,
It shows me the different kinds of grid patterns and its uses, it will defiantly aid me in
designing the city plan proposal.
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University11
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University12
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
Map of Barcelona
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University13
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
1) Symmetrical Diagonals; Ornamental 4) Organic-like Modified Rectangular
2) Original Squares 5) Squares with Simple Diagonal
3) Curve Modified Large Rectangular
Investigation & Data Collection:Present Cities
Paris, France
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University14
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
A place of love; the birthplace of the iconic Eiffel tower; and of course, Croissant! Paris is the
capital and most populous city of France, consisting land area of 105.4km2 and population of
12 million inhabitants at the metropolitan area. Paris has a long history in terms of Gothic
architecture such as the Notre Dame, but the main focus is the Place Charles de Gaulle center
and the major connected avenues.
As part of Baron Haussmann’s
grand urban planning redesign of
Paris, The Place Charles de Gaulle
(historically known as the Place de
l'Étoile) is a large road junction
where 12 straight avenues meet at
a single point, with the Arc de
Triomphe constructed at the center
of Place Charles de Gaulle that plays part as an iconic public space. The Place Charles de
Gaulle also plays a role of dividing the major road of Avenue des Champs-Élysées and
Avenue de la Grande-Armée.
From the short but informative research above, I believe the small center of Place Charles de
Gaulle created helps the people in identifying their location, and this is what I would extract
and place the similar design at my proposed city plan.
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University15
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
Investigation & Data Collection:Future Cities
Copenhagen, Denmark
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University16
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
From my perspective, I consider Copenhagen, a capital of Denmark, a promising future
city example because it has the criteria of being one. With urban population of 1.2
million and total land area of 77.20km2, the main focus of the potential future city is
how the people travel, by cycling.
Cycling became a
norm in Copenhagen
back in the 20th
century where the
city’s first bicycle path
was established in
1892. Back then,
there’s only 2500 bicycle running around the city, but the numbers quickly increased
after 17 years later with 80,000 cyclists every day. The tradition sticks on till this day
where approximately 450,000 people still uses cycling as their main transportation every
day.
Copenhagen is well-known as being the most bicycle-friendly cities in the world. The
city offers free public bicycles and also with an extensive and well-designed system of
cycle tracks. Every day, approximately 36% of all citizens of Copenhagen cycle to work,
school and university, covering 1.2 million kilometers daily.
As mentioned previously, Copenhagen aims a goal to be the world’s first carbon neutral
capital by 2025, an adventurous goal and criteria of a great future city. And as for my
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University17
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city plan proposal, promoting bicycle as a main means of transportation is a healthier,
environmentally friendlier and cheaper alternative of transportation.
Investigation & Data Collection:Future Cities
Singapore
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University18
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
Water supply and sanitation was a problem for the densely populated island of
Singapore. With total land area of 710km2 and population of 5.3 million citizens,
Singapore goes beyond to provide the very basic, but challenging element for the people,
which is the efficiency supply of water.
The reason why Singapore is listed under the
Potential Future City examples section is due to its
capability to supply enough water for its people
even with limited land availability. After the failed
water negotiation with Malaysia during 2002,
Singapore turns towards water self-sufficiency and
sustainability.
Methods taken such as Local Catchment Water,
where rainwater is collected through drains, canals, rivers etc. and later treated for
drinking water supply; Desalinated of seawater where Singapore is one of Asia’s largest
seawater reverse-osmosis plant, which produces 30 million gallons of water a day; And
last but not least, the iconic NEWater method of water sustainability, where used water
and urine is purified using advanced membrane technologies and ultra-violet disinfection
to ensure ultra-clean water which are safe to drink.
Though Singapore still uses imported water from Malaysia until 2061 agreement,
Singapore is still classified as a potential to be a fine future city example in my book
because of its initiative to overcome water supply obstacles and maintaining as a
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University19
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
sustainable city. A creditable research and information which can be used in my
proposed city’s water management system.
Inspiring Underground City Illustrations.
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University20
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
DunwallThe Doomed City
It was the year 2013; the city of Dunwall and its people were living well with rich
natural resources surrounded the city reaches. Located just beside the South China Sea,
Dunwall is one of a major cargo port in the country. Besides that, the city is also famous
for its wide agriculture resources as well, providing its people with sufficient organic
food supplies. With population of 200,000 consisting various races of Chinese, Malays
and Indians, the people lived with together with harmony and prosperity.
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University21
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
But everything changed when scientists confirmed and reported that Dunwall city
prosperous days are numbered. Due to the rising tension of global warming, the effects
have finally reached to a level where it will cause massive destruction to cities globally.
As for Dunwall’s fate, the scorching heat wave causes the rising sea level that will
eventually sink the city with 100m of seawater in the coming 20 years, which will result
an avoidable massive destruction to land and property, or is it?
After the Mayor received the devastating news, he proposed a massive salvation project
for its people, a project which will transform the views of its people, and a project that
not only continues the prosperity of Dunwall, but to bring in more opportunities as well.
“If it sinks above, we go under!” said the Mayor before presenting his proposal to his
people. The Mayor has proposed to transform Dunwall into and
Underground/Underwater city, where then it won’t be called Dunwall anymore, but a
new name called “Rhapsody”.
RhapsodyA Second Chance
The massive redesign of Rhapsody city plan was proposed to overcome and extract the
benefits of the rising seawater caused by global warming, while simultaneously retaining
the humane experience for the citizens. The reasons why the Mayor decided to go
Underground/Underwater concept is simple: Firstly is to shelter his people from the
gushing seawater, scorching heat wave and deadly ultraviolet rays caused by the
thinning of ozone layer and global warming; next is to extract seawater which can
provide sufficient water supply to the city. It’s a Win-Win situation.
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University22
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
The Mayor also extracted some of the key elements of sustainability from reputable
countries as well. Such as Singapore’s iconic desalination of seawater to supply the
countries water needs; Portland’s example of connectivity and systematic grid planning
and design; and last but not least, the bike-friendly transportation and minimum carbon
footprint of Copenhagen.
Moreover, the city planning now adopts a new concept called “Live. Work. Learn. Play.”
the all-in-one package city planning design, suitable for longevity and sustainability
within the city walls itself. It promotes walkability and efficient public transportation
that enables the people to reach their destination within minutes of traveling time.
The Zoning of the city
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University23
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
Above Ground Level
The Communication center is specially placed above ground, so that satellites can receive
stronger connection compared to underground. The Port enables trades to occur in and out of
the city, maintaining the economy incomes and the people needs. Furthermore, Security
zoning is placed at corners to keep watches of intruders, and even if they managed to breach
in, tight security checkpoints surrounds the Tube highway to Rhapsody, controlling who goes
in and out of city. Finally is the Research and Development building, where new research and
technology is being tested to enhance the living experiences underground.
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University24
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
Main Ground Level
The main city level of Rhapsody, one of its key features is the huge public spaces located at
the Stadium up north, and the iconic ‘Grand Field’ just south of the Tube Highway. With the
large open space, citizens can gather together to attend announcements or concerts,
celebrating wild festivals or bazaars, or maybe just going solo and enjoy the scenery.
With the concept of “Live. Work. Learn. Play.” It can be seen that that the residential area is
always in walking distance to work, schools and parks, that’s due to the plan is designed to
promote walkability instead of using traditional cars.
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University25
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
Business areas are placed at the heart of Rhapsody, which is also a walking distance from
residential areas. It maximizes connectivity and fast trading transitions can be made since it is
located closest to the tube highway, where cargos are loaded and unloaded.
Besides that, public services area are also existed around the residential areas such as Police
and Firefighters stations and hospitals, to ensure quick respond and rescue when needed.
Recreational parks dominate the city plan, consisting almost 50% of the plan. This is to
ensure greenery sufficient for the public to enjoy, and to enhance the beauty of landscape of
Rhapsody.
For the safety of the children, Education areas are placed right in the middle of the Rhapsody,
which is located between the residential areas and north of the Tube Highway. This is to
ensure maximum minimization the walking distance of students to their schools. The stadium
located right above the education areas serves as a secondary field for students to play as
well.
Lastly, Government buildings are placed at south of the city plan. They are also the tallest
among all the other buildings constructed in Rhapsody.
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University26
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
Lower Ground 1
The lower Ground 1 level is considered as the Agriculture level. Without any sunlight, this
level is lighted almost entirely with ‘Grow Light’ lighting technology, where it enables plant
to perform photosynthesis without the use of sunlight. Agriculture and livestock section are
divided into two for easier management, and both ends consists of factories that produces the
end products for the public as food supplies. Citizens can travel down to the commercial area
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University27
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
around the Tube Highway to buy organic food from local farmers, fresh and healthy. With
this, it ensures that Rhapsody is capable of providing sufficient food supply for the citizens.
Lower ground 2
The Industrial section is located at the lowest level of Rhapsody; this section is what keeps
the city running smoothly. With renewable geothermal solution acting as the primary source
of energy for Rhapsody; Water desalination of seawater that plays the main role of providing
clean water supply to the public; and finally the waste management section, where all waste
are carefully dispose in the most non-polluted way possible.
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University28
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
Conclusion of Rhapsody
I believe that the Underground X Underwater city proposal of Rhapsody provides good
sustainability for the people in the coming years to come as sustainability is the key to a
future city development.
Rhapsody uses renewable energy solutions that can be used with finite years; Maximizing on
minimizing carbon footprint as the city plan was designed to have huge walkability
opportunities for the people to travel; and last but not least, the beautiful greenery landscape
providing to the public to enjoy.
A city that consists heavily on tall buildings with white, curvy designs; or everything is made
out of aluminum or metal, doesn’t consider one as a future city in my book, if it can’t provide
sustainability for itself. Although Rhapsody is not one of the most appealing cities, but I think
that Rhapsody has a potential to be an iconic, eco-friendly cities in the future.
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University29
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The Process & Progress
Perspective of the Main Ground City Level
Cross-Section of the Entire City
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University30
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Cross Section view of the Tube Highway
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University31
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
LRT Transportation routes
Close Up of the Main Area
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Close up of the LRT service
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University33
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
Close up of the Education Area
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University34
ENBE | Final Project | Part A – Report | The Future City Representation
Conclusion
After weeks of vigorous research regarding urban planning and design, I can honestly say
that it is extremely challenging to be an urban planner, but the wide exposure was definitely a
commendable experience overall.
Through all the researches about the cities above, I’ve learnt that a good urban planner
always place the people and their priority first. It is crucial to acknowledge the people needs
and what will the people need in the future. Secondly the surrounding green environment is
also a factor to concern when planning a city. Our earth is at the peaking point where
pollution is a major problem. Cities all around world have already taken initiative on
reducing the carbon footprint, such as using alternative means of transportation and
renewable energy solutions.
As the same saying goes “A future city is a sustainable city.” If we can achieve sustainability,
we are already living the future life.
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University35
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Reference Links
1) The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
copyright ©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company
2) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City
3) George Modelski, World Cities: –3000 to 2000, Washington DC: FAROS 2000, 2003
4) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_plan
5) http://www.usa.siemens.com/sustainable-cities/
6) http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/sustainability/
sustainable_living_rev1.shtml
7) http://www.ecomagination.com/top-five-most-sustainable-cities-in-the-world
8) http://www.goreme.com/derinkuyu-underground-city.php
9) http://www.environmentalgraffiti.com/adventure/news-worlds-beneath-worlds-
derinkuyu-underground-city
10) http://www.slideshare.net/jamesfurlo/underground-city-of-derinkuyu
11) http://landscapeandurbanism.blogspot.com/2009/11/portland-grid-revisited.html
12) http://www.portlandmercury.com/portland/off-the-grid/Content?oid=8271672
13) http://djcoregon.com/dailyblog/2011/10/27/the-great-renumbering-how-portland-got-
its-grid/
14) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_Charles_de_Gaulle
15) http://www.virgin-vacations.com/11-most-bike-friendly-cities.aspx
16) http://www.treehugger.com/slideshows/cars/best-of-green-cars-transportation-1/
page/12/
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17) http://subsite.kk.dk/sitecore/content/Subsites/CityOfCopenhagen/SubsiteFrontpage/
LivingInCopenhagen/CityAndTraffic/~/media/
4ADB52810C484064B5085F2A900CB8FB.ashx
18) Janssen, Jan E. (2012). "Cyklerne kom til København".Stræderne i København
19) http://www.singstat.gov.sg/statistics/latest_data.html#12
20) http://www.pub.gov.sg/water/Pages/singaporewaterstory.aspx
21) http://www.asiaisgreen.com/2008/11/03/photos-of-marina-barrage/
22) http://www.water-treatment.com.cn/plants/list/Singapore.htm
23) http://www.askipedia.com/how-many-underground-cities-are-there-and-where-are-
they-located/underground_city/
24) http://www.wallpaperup.com/58912/
future_underground_science_fiction_balloons_cities.html
25) http://blog.enqoo.com/blog/2012/10/11/30-fresh-adobe-photoshop-tutorials/
Phua Jing Sern | 0314572 | Group N | FNBE April 2013 | Taylor’s University37