Enabling Opportunistic Resources Sharing on Mobile OS Benefits and Challenges
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Enabling Opportunistic Resources Sharing on Mobile OS
Benefits and Challenges
S3 Workshop, Las Vegas, Nevada, September 2011
Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez, Christos Efstratiou, Jon CrowcroftUniversity of Cambridge
Geoffrey XieNaval Postgraduate School
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Motivation
WiFi
Bluetooth
GSM/GPRS/3G
Camera
Accelerometer
GPS
CPU (Dual core)
Storage (>4 GB)
Context-aware appsLocalised ads
Online social nets…
Augmented reality!
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Energy limitations
Energy-efficient hardware?Energy-aware software?
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Poor UX
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Resources availability and UX is context-dependent
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Classic device-oriented resources management techniques
Resource-specific optimisations Application-specific optimisationsAdaptive resources management
User-aware resources managementComputation offloading to the cloud
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Can we (in theory) do better?
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“No-man is an island”John Donne
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Enabling devices collaboration to save energy and improve UX
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Las Ramblas, Barcelona. Any random day …
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The Strip, Las Vegas
Camden, London
What if we are not in landmarks?
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Resources diversity within a cluster of mobile users
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Operator 1 Operator 2
Sig
nal S
t ren
gth
Cellular interfaces
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GPS
Accuracy, TTFF* and availability are context-dependent
Urban canyon
CanopyIndoors
…
A-GPS requires access to network!
*TTFF, Time to first fix
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Why at the OS-level?
Transparent to applications
More efficient (centralised) and secure
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Does it make sense from an energy perspective?
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Power consumption per hardware module
OpenMoke Neo Freerunner Bluetooth Near (30cm) 36 mW
Far (10m) 44 mW
WiFi Idle 8 mW
Full Capacity 720 mW
GSM Idle 58 mW
Full Capacity 620 mW
GPS 143 mWCarrol & Heiser. “An analysis of power consumption in a smartphone”,
USENIX anual tech. conference
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Research challenges
Appropriate wireless interface
Bluetooth - slow discovery (10 s) :-(WiFi - high energy cost (similar to Cellular) :-(
Resources advertisement
Adaptive resources discovery/advertisementCluster size depends on context
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Research challenges
User Mobility-related issues
Dynamic clustersBad for UX
Can we predict the duration of the contacts?
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Research challenges
Collaboration and fairness
Fair distributed energy cost among participating devices
Are we selfish or altruistic?
Incentive schemes adapted to users and context
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Research challenges
Selecting the right node
Multiple factors can affect resources’ QoSBetter understanding of HW
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Related work
Opportunistic networkingHaggle project
Enegy-aware Operating systemsEcoSystem
QuantoOdysseyCinder
ErdOS Projectwww.cl.cam.ac.uk/~nv240/erdos.html
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Conclusions
Opportunistic computing hasn’t been fully explored
There are indications about the fact that opportunistic resources sharing can save
energy and improve UX
Still many challenges to be solved …