Enabling IoT through service integration

Integrating the connected world

2

What is IoT?

The “Internet of Things” also known as “Web of things” or “Internet of Everything” is a concept where the objects will be connected to the Internet and be able to identify themselves to other devices without human interaction. IoT describes a world where anything can be connected and communicated in an intelligent fashion and will be context aware. Key technology enablers include device miniaturization, more powerful and lower costs microprocessors, smart sensors, location devices and actuators. Integration of “smart devices” and “smart Sensors” with the Internet implies that devices will utilize an IP address which will act as a unique identifier resulting in ever more complex systems and interactions.

IoT will play an important role in changing the industry and our lives. In 2020 the world will have 50 Billion connected devices and a stake value of US $14.4 trillion. By 2017 IoT will alone surpass PC, tablet and phone market combined (Source: Industrialip.org).

The IoT can potentially transform the industries to change the way we live and work, locally and globally. While 53% of companies are gearing up to implement IoT solutions within next 2 years, 15% already have one (Source: Forrester Consulting, June 2012). They are predominantly headed to tackle operational efficiency, customer service, intra-organizational collaboration and strategic decision making.

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Internetof

Things

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3

Service

s

Sectors

Applica

tion

Groups

Locations

Devices

Services

Sectors

Application

Groups

Locations

Devices

Tanks, Fighter Jets

POSterminals

Tags

CashRegisters

VendingMachines

Signs, etc.

Vehicles, Lights,Ships

Pumps, Valves, Vats, Coneyors, Pipelines

MRIs, PDAs

Digital cameras

Power systemsDishwashers

eReaders

Turbines

Transport

HVAC

Fire and Safety

Lighting

Security

Access, etc.

Windmills

Batteries

Meters, Drills

Fuel Cells, etc.

DesktopcomputersWashers/Dryers

TVs, MP3sMeters, Lights,

Gaming Consoles

Alarms, etc.

Implants,Surgical Equipments

Pumps, Monitors

Telemedicines, etc.

Monitors, Drives, Converting fabrication

Planes, Signage

Tolls, etc

Breakdownworks

Jeeps,Cars,Ambulance

HomelandSecurity

Monitor, etc

Servers

Storage

PCs, Routers

Switches

Assembly/Packaging Vessels/Tanks, etc.

UPS

Process,Cleanroom,Campus�

Power Gen,Low Voltage,Power QualityEnergy Mngmnt

Commercial/

Institutional

Industrial

Supply/Demand

Alternative

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Infrastructure

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and Safety

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Retail

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Fire safety, Power

Protection,

Elderly, Children

Safety

Fuel stations,Gaming, Bowling,

Cinemas, Discos,Special events

Radar/Satellite, etc.

Services

E-commerce

Data carriers

Mobile carriers

Food carriers

ISPs

Weapons, Ships,

Aircraft, Gear

Human, Animal,Postal, Food, etc.

Water treatment,Building environ,Surveillance

Police, Equip.andPersonnel, etc,

Hotels, Bars,

Cafes, Clubs,

RestaurantsSupermarkets,

ShoppingCenters, Single

site, Distribution

Centers

Lighting

Industry Engagement in the key sectors

Figure 1: Industry Engagement in the key sectors

Enterprises in Consumer products, Retail, Utilities, Manufacturing, Healthcare and Transportation sectors are fore-runners in IoT innovation with key investments on inventory management, mHealth, smart grid, telematics, fleet management and logistics

Sector Based Use Cases

1. Manufacturing• Connected Cars: Diagnostics, automatic crash

notification, stolen vehicle tracking, roadside assistance, remote activities, voice recognition, vehicle updates and connected media

• Indoor Air Quality: Monitoring of toxic gas and oxygen levels inside chemical plants to ensure workers and goods safety

• Temperature Monitoring: Control of temperature inside industrial and medical fridges with sensitive merchandise

• Vehicle Auto-diagnosis: Information collection from CanBus to send real time alarms to emergencies or provide advice to drivers

• Indoor Location: Asset indoor location by using active (ZigBee) and passive tags (RFID/NFC)

2. Consumer Products• Smart inventory: Tracking of inventory status and replenish at

economic reordering level

• Smart logistics: Track shipping and goods for better control over shipping and suggest right quantity of goods per shipping

• Remote Control Appliances: Switching on and off remotely appliances to avoid accidents and save energy

• Swimming pool remote measurement: Control remotely the swimming pool conditions

Consumer products

Retail

Utilities

Manufacturing

Financial Services

Healthcare

Public sector

Transportation

Industry group Tracking behaviour Passive response Active response

Less engaged Actively engaged Highly engaged

Figure 2: Sector Engagement

the way we see itInternet of Things

3. Retail• Supply chain control: Monitoring of storage conditions along

the supply chain and product tracking for traceability

• NFC payment: Payment processing based in location or activity duration for public transport, gyms, theme parks, etc

• Intelligent shopping apps: Getting advices in the point of sale according to customer habits, preferences, presence of allergic components for them or expiring dates

• Smart product management: Control of rotation of products in shelves and warehouses to automate restocking processes

4. Utilities• Potable water monitoring: Monitor the quality of tap water

in cities

• Water Leakages: Detection of liquid presence outside tanks and pressure variations along pipes

• Smart Grid: Energy consumption monitoring and management

• Tank level: Monitoring of water, oil and gas levels in storage tanks and cisterns

• Photovoltaic Installations: Monitoring and optimization of performance in solar energy plants

• Silos Stock Calculation: Measurement of emptiness level and weight of the goods

5.Public Sector• Smart Parking :Monitoring of parking spaces availability in

the city

• Structural health: Monitoring of vibrations and material conditions in buildings, bridges and historical monuments

• Eletromagnetic Field Levels: Measurement of the energy radiated by cell stations and and WiFi routers

• Traffic Congestion: Monitoring of vehicles and pedestrian levels to optimize driving and walking routes

• Smart Lighting: Intelligent and weather adaptive lighting in street lights

• Waste Management: Detection of rubbish levels in containers to optimize the trash collection routes

• Smart Roads: Intelligent Highways with warning messages and diversions according to climate conditions and unexpected events like accidents or traffic jams

5

the way we see itInternet of Things

6

Layer 1:Things (Hardware,Power, Protocols)

$31Billion

Layer 2:Communications andnetworking

Layer 3:Computing and storage

Layer 4:Apps and services

Layer 5:Analytics

$17Billion

$18Billion

2G/3G/4G, Mesh, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, WWAN,Ethernet, WLAN, WPAN, Weightless,...

Middleware components, protocols, standardsDevice-side API, enterprise-side API, device management, app development framework,

data compression, encryption, security

Standards and protocolsMQTT, D2D, D2S, S2S, CoAP, SOAP, DTLS,...

Big data, user analytics

Cloud, data centers, servers, storage

+

- +

$262Billion

On/off

-720

The multi-layered complexity of IoT

The 5 connecting layers described below help in defining the components required for IoT from a high level perspective. Due to the various connections and interactions among the defined components and the capacity to integrate with new actors, the structure is likely to be considered a complex system. The maintenance and effective operation of these components creates complex challenges that affect IoT adoption.

The figure shows the predicted contribution of each layer to the overall system. Gartner predicts a large portion of the IoT market to come from Apps and Analytics.

Things (Hardware, Power, Protocols)Smart devices are context aware to a user’s environment by being locationally, digitally and socially aware, they track behavior and provide active/passive responses to users. Wearables which started with watches, fitness devices and wirelessly-enabled sports shoes, now has expanded into

health, location monitors and activity trackers. For example, FitBit, Nike Fuelband, Jawbone etc.

The innovation in wireless technologies, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth Smart, Near Field Communications (NFC), iBeacon, and GPS are facilitating the development of IoT applications and wearables. Improvements in size, heat dissipation, and battery requirements have made better and smaller devices possible. All Leading OEMS and Manufacturers like Apple, Microsoft, Google, and Samsung are foraying into Bluetooth Smart-enabled sensor devices and are increasing the multi platform integration and setting the stage for an extraordinary explosion of wearables.

Communications and NetworkingWireless communication system is a significant part for IoT infrastructure. It acts as the bridge for dual directional communication for data collection and control message delivery. It can be applied to various IoT applications, such as power grid, oil field, and even smart cities.

In the IoT model, radio frequency identification (RFID), Wi-Fi, and 4G-LTE will enhance the connections to a large number of

Figure 3: 5 essentials for an effective IoT framework

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physical assets with sensing and communication capabilities. As compared to the conventional network, IoT extends to a larger range of areas, including entity tracking, object control, and privacy protection. The communication model also goes beyond the traditional mobile networks and requires to be connected to different embedded devices for various scenarios. In the past few years, considerable research efforts have been put into IoT development. However, the challenges such as communication quality, network stability, and reliability still exist and to utilize full potential of IoT. Considerable investment and research has to be donein these areas to leverage IoT to its full potential

Computing and StorageCloud focus has evolved from technology aspects, to improve service levels and customer experience.

• Mobile middleware platforms are now running on cloud and providing persistent business and consumer services

• Platforms have evolved to support BYOD programs like MDM and MAM. There are also integration and development platforms like Mobile Application Platform (MAP)

• Consumer space cloud providers are also foraying into this space. For e.g., Dropbox for MCM, Apigee with Enterprise API, App Services, Amazon ppStream for streaming, etc.

The focus has changed from E-business service to IT as a service and now everything as a service. In the traditional business model the processes, platforms, applications and infrastructure were provided by the enterprise but with the cloud service model trend has changed to consumption based chargeback.

Apps and ServicesAmong leading Industry players which are implementing IoT, Coca-Cola is working with Microsoft to create IoT solution using interactive digital signage installed on beverage coolers

1.

Apart from engaging customers with interactive multimedia platforms, these signages also collect data like discounts and coupons and provide it to customers.

Tesla has partnered with Telefonica and AT&T to improve customer experience via IoT

2.

Microsoft’s focus on IoT is to make it applicable to everyday business activities, through a variety of products, like customized Windows Embedded operating systems meant to collect and analyze data, as well as via products in its Azure cloud such as Intelligent Systems, a currently preview-mode offering that offloads heavy data analysis to the cloud.

The users of analytics are categorized into 4 “E”

Basic

segmentation

to inform

outbound

communication

and list

generation for

acquisition

Entrants

Multichannel

use of analytics

for balanced

growth across

acquisition,

business and

customer

development

initiatives

Enthusiasts

Personalization

of experiences

across

touchpoints

optimized to

generate

maximum

lifetime value

Explorers

Real-time

application of

insights at the

point of

interaction

across touch

points

Experts

1 Source: http://blogs.microsoft.com/firehose/2014/04/29/coca-cola-coolers-get-an-extra-dose-of-cool-thanks-to-iot/

2 Source: http://www.telecoms.com/240042/tesla-partners-with-telefonica-and-kpn-on-m2m-connectivity-in-europe/

Analytics (Big Data, User Analytics)Big data and analytical engines will base the brain behind the Internet of things. Once these are connected to devices – data can be managed and analyzed for better decisions like Personal devices that monitor and analyze individuals’ health or the success; devices that will offer real time, minute-to-minute performance insights and suggestions, telling the user how to achieve the fitness goals they’ve set. These immediate insights and recommendations will increasingly extend to many areas of life and business.

The users of analytics are categorized into 4 “E”:

• Entrants: Basic segmentation to inform outbound communication and list generation for acquisition

• Enthusiasts: Multichannel use of analytics for balanced growth across acquisition, business and customer development initiatives

• Explorers: Personalization of experiences across touchpoints optimized to generate maximum lifetime value

• Experts: Real-time application of insights at the point of interaction across touch points

Analytical engines will help smart devices to go beyond tracking behavior and enable passive and active responses. Passive responses help suggests solutions and active response makes decisions.

Active response includes smart devices not only monitoring and suggesting but also performing actions. For example, a smart car prepares for arrival, opens garage and turns on lights. Life science devices interact with each other for necessary treatment and also modify the patient dosage. Organizations are already providing active responses in lifestyle and manufacturing sector. These technologies include smart homes that adjust temperature and order consumer product replacements in the lifestyle sector.

Figure 4: Four E’s of Analytics

The Industrial Revolution has drastically changed the way we use energy and make things. The Internet Revolution, on the other hand, altered how we communicate, use information, and spend money. A combination of these two transformations, called the Industrial Internet, now connects networks, data and machines. It promises to remake global industries, enhance productivity, and launch an entirely new age of prosperity and growth.

There are three crucial ‘enablers’ that drive the advance of the Industrial Internet.

Future with IoT

1. The essential hardware, including digital communications devices and the advanced sensors machines need to communicate, has become much more affordable

2. Cloud offers an effective, scalable and pervasive platform to store and analyze big data

3. The development of smaller and more powerful microprocessors that allow us to talk with and manipulate any machine; Big Data software which gives us the ability to crunch the massive amounts of data these machines generate and understand what they’re saying

Smart energy meter Wireless meters that

changes color displaying the state of the power grid

to notify consumers if they

are in peak-pricing hours

Smart security Sensors to identify residents and tracks their location to

secure home accordingly

Smart refrigerator on open door

by sending a message to the mobile device

Smart parking meterSensor enabled parking meter with mobile apps

that provides parking options in urban environment

Smart carsDriverless car enabled by sensors, video sensors to navigate

Smart Public TransitDevice can purchase ticket upon arrival at station,

check-in and notify user regarding scheduling changes

Smart shoe Shoe which is embedded with pressure sensors and trackers to measure speed and agility

Smart medicationSmart prescription battle embedded with sensor and

reminding an individual to take his/her medication

Smart shopping Virtual grocery store by scanning the QR code using a smartphone on the product displayed to place order

Smart lightsMotion sensors which automatically turn off the

unoccupied

Smart metersTracks heating and air

and measure usage of gas, water and electricity. Alerts on change

Smart manufacturing RFID tagged components that send alerts on stocks, maintenance, etc. Automatically manufacturing upon consumer order

A dayin life

with smart devices

Figure 5: A day in life with connected devices

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the way we see itInternet of Things the way we see itInternet of Things

Today’s Internet of Things phenomenon is also a wave for partnerships and consortia pushing to develop specifications and submit them to standards organizations. Among the consortia working on standards for IoT are AllSeen Alliance, HyperCat Consortium, and Industrial Internet Consortium. There are also initiatives such as the Eclipse M2M Industry Working Group and ITU-T Focus Group M2M initiative. And technology companies such as Apple, Cisco, Google, Intel, Microsoft, and Oracle are competing in the IoT game.

All of these efforts are in a hope to deliver something like a universal plug-and-play solution, with a common service capability layer, that will simplify programming and enable devices to “learn” how to seamlessly connect to other devices and machines. There is also demand to see trusted mobility computing with managed, secure application programming interfaces (APIs), and a standard framework for mobile device security.

The Integration ChallengeBuilding IOT is an exercise to integrate various devices , multiple comm. Protocols , applications and networks. At times this also requires planning with legacy networks and applications.

The challenge in front of the enterprises today is to handle this large complexity and diversity of integrating various platforms, protocols and applications. Developing software on an ad hoc, fragmented method will not be successful for large scale projects for IOT.

Successful large-scale IoT projects require an integration focus and ability to move large amounts of data from different sources. These projects also require significant consideration and focus on APIs for data analytics and compatibility with existing infrastructure.

For an effective IOT implementation enterprise need to focus on below service integration areas:

• Consulting: Operational efficiency, customer experience, innovation and collaboration in Manufacturing, Retail, life sciences, utilities and BFSI sectors

• Analytics and Smart decision systems: Real-time application of customer insights to improve customer experience; acquisition, retention and loyalty; personalized offerings

• Application development and Mobile Integration: Apps will become all pervasive as Smartphone will be more central in IoT era, and technologies such as Google Glass, smart watches will take center stage

• Engineering: Programming for communication between human/things-to-things such as RFID, Wi-Fi, Sensors, Bluetooth, cloud, analytical engines, etc… Also include testing and certification

• Cloud Services: Leverage existing cloud partners’ solutions to offer IoT specific solutions (PaaS, SaaS, BPaaS, IaaS)

• Device Management and Monitoring: Security policies and certificates, app wrapping using device Management tools

What enterprises need to do?

10

Conclusion

Deploy

Shift to cloud

Integrate technologies

Address holistically

Be data driven

Drive

Define

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technologies

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needs

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cloud technology

private/public

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on-premises

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ase key

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1

2

3

Establish IoT Baseline

Enterprises planning to embrace IoT need to

• Focus on business outcomes they will offer to their customers

• Collect, synthesize, integrate, and maintain data from customers, employees and partners

• Stay connected with customers, employees and partners with smart devices

• Shift from legacy infrastructure to cloud

A comprehensive IoT strategy can transform the enterprise business and outpace the competition. Enterprises need to clearly understand and articulate the end state of their IoT journey, to achieve tangible results.

Figure 6: Roadmap for IOT transformation

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the way we see itInternet of Things the way we see itInternet of Things

References

Authors

• Gartner Research – Internet of Things and Wearables: The Semiconductor and Electronics Battleground, September 2013

• Beecham Research- M2M/IoT sector map

• Industrialip.org

• Fast company – Most innovative companies in Internet of Things, 2014

• Techopedia – Definition of Internet of Things

Darshan Shankavaram

Vice President, Mobility darshan.shankavaram@capgemini.com

Suman Sharma

Consultant, Mobilitysuman.sharma@capgemini.com

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The information contained in this document is proprietary. ©2015 Capgemini.All rights reserved. Rightshore® is a trademark belonging to Capgemini.

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