EN Hochschule

MF 1excellence in science

Extensive system solutions for universities

Our range of products – future-proof and targeted

RZ 24-Seiter Hochschule UK.indd 1 09.03.2009 10:06:21 Uhr

university

Göttingen ist one of the most famous university

towns in Germany. Natural sciences have a long-

lasting tradition here. More than 40 Nobel Prize

winners such as Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, Max

Planck, and Werner Heisenberg worked and lived

in Göttingen and established the city‘s reputation

as a university and cultural town.

Göttingen is where PHYWE is based. Our good

name along with the synonym for quality “made

in Germany” enabled us to become a global mar-

ket leader in education and teaching in natural

sciences. With a long tradition of nearly 100

years, PHYWE develops, produces, supplies, and

installs:

n experiments

n solution systems

n scientific equipment

n e-learning systems

n software

and services such as:

n training

n installation

n pre- and after-sales support

n technical consulting

More than 145,000 customers in more than 95

countries – mainly universities, colleges, schools,

private institutes, museums, and science centres

– have chosen PHYWE solutions.

We are a leading global developer, manufacturer,

and supplier of teaching materials in the fields of

physics, chemistry, biology, and applied sciences.

We continually improve our programme with

constant quality control and evaluation, in which

we continuously extend our product range to in-

clude new trends. This is how we meet even the

highest demands and fulfil our own standards:

enabling the best teaching and education at

universities for a knowledge-based, independent,

and progressive society of tomorrow.

Together with our sales agency in Lüttich, which

is mainly responsible for the francophone regions

in North Africa, and more than 60 International

Sales Partners (ISP) that are authorised by PHYWE,

we can offer one-stop solutions with blanket

coverage, and all of this customised to your parti-

cular, individual needs.

Together we are strong: PHYWE is a partner of

Lucas-Nülle Lehr- und Messgeräte GmbH, a devel-

oper and manufacturer of technical teaching and

learning systems for vocational training.

Tradition and innovation – that is what PHYWE stands for at all times

Otto Hahn visits PHYWE (1966)


2 3

Scientific findings that the students work out

themselves during practical experiments are

memorised much longer and better than in the

usual case. This fact is reflected in our master

and bachelor courses - PHYWE’s programme for

universities. The experiment is always at the focus

of attention. Detailed equipment lists, precise

formulation of tasks and problems, accompany-

ing didactic literature, preparative tables, charts,

and illustrations as well as CDs with open PDF

files for free use within the experiment tasks in

turn all facilitate and support access to the res-

pective subjects and enhance the effectiveness of

education in the natural sciences. The literature

with a uniform look offers additional advanta-

ges, just as in the fact that PHYWE develops their

teaching materials and solution systems in close

co-operation with universities. As a result, the

master and bachelor courses provide universities

and other institutions of higher education with

exactly those system solutions and materials that

were developed in view of their specific needs.

With PHYWE, experiments are always at the focus of interest

Otto Hahn visits PHYWE (1966)


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PHYWE’s master and bachelor courses offer a

total of 360 experiments in physics, chemistry,

biology, and in applied sciences, in turn enabling

students to experience the natural sciences.

Among these is the electrophysiology lab for

human physiology lab courses in medicine. Other

complex experiments are also rendered in a

clear and didactic manner – among these are

the Zeeman effect, Stern-Gerlach experiment,

Franck-Hertz experiment, and experiments with

X-rays. All in all, PHYWE’s master and bachelor

courses cover all of the essential experiments

in classical and modern physics, which can be

performed with our unique “Laboratory Ex-

periments” LEx system. However, apart from

fundamental experiments, PHYWE’s master and

bachelor courses also offers the opportunity to

benefit from ultra-modern computer assistance

throughout the experiments. Together with our

high-performance measure software, our uni-

versal Cobra3 interface can be used in numerous

applications in physics, chemistry, biology, and

applied sciences. Another advantage of PHYWE’s

master and bachelor courses: most of the units

can be used in numerous different experiments.

Our X-ray unit, for example, offers more than 40

potential experiments. This ensures well-structu-

red material packages and saves costs.

With the master and bachelor courses, PHYWE

offers extensive support for complex and sophis-

ticated education at universities.

Master and bachelor courses by PHYWE: for sophisticated education at universities

P


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Liven up your lectures and laboratory courses with our LEx programme

P Dr. Michael Mehlhorn Dr. Ludolf v. Alvensleben Dr. Thomas Meier Wolfgang KuhnleProduct Manager Physics Product Manager Physics Product Manager Chemistry Product Manager Biology

The LEx programme offers you an extensive

selection of classical and modern experiments in

physics, chemistry, biology, and applied scien-

ces. LEx stands for „Laboratory Experiments“. At

present, it covers more than 230 experiments of

the “Laboratory Experiments Physics” collection,

more than 80 experiments of the “Laboratory

Experiments Chemistry” collection, 50 experi-

ments of the „Laboratory Experiments Biology“

collection, and more than 100 experiments in

applied sciences.

Our university programme is for those laboratory

course supervisors who have to rely on long

lasting, safe experiments with a didactic back-

ground for their laboratory courses. Our program-

me covers most of the standard experiments for

laboratory courses in physics, physical chemistry,

human and plant physiology, biochemistry, and

neurophysiology, as well as experiments for

microscopy courses and applied sciences.

At the same time, it is also for those professors

and lecturers who teach the fundamental prin-

ciples of natural sciences through experiment-

based lectures.

Examples of these are the computer-assisted

experiments with PHYWE’s X-ray unit for lectures

concerning experimental solid-state physics. With

more than 40 documented experiments, physical

contexts can be conveyed in a convincing man-

ner. Their use in lectures as well as in labora-

tory courses helps students to understand and

memorise the principles and interrelations more

efficiently and permanently.

Another example is the range of experiments

with the Magnus gyroscope – one of PHYWE’s

classics – for conveying the gyroscope laws within

experimental physics lectures in a particularly

impressive way. An example taken from the field

of chemistry is the computer-assisted poten-

tiometric pH titration for lectures in analytical

chemistry or food chemistry, which can be used,

for example, to determine the phosphoric acid

content of soft drinks.

Another field is the range of experiments with

the neurobiology laboratory in biology, neurobio-

logy, and medicine for conveying the fundamen-

tal neurobiological principles of Alzheimer’s and

Parkinson’s disease, dementia, memory loss, and

pain.


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User advantages of “measure”

n One software for all of the computer-assisted measurements and analyses

n Intuitive operation

n Easy import and export of data and graphs

n High-performance evaluation and representation tools

n Ready-to-use experiments can be selected from a list

of subjects

nExtensive help function

Physics:

n Mechanics

n Optics

n Thermodynamics

n Electricity

n Atomic physics

n Nuclear physics

n Solid-state physics

Chemistry:

n Kinetic theory

n Thermochemistry and calorimetry

n Chemical equilibrium

n Interfacial chemistry

n Reaction kinetics

n Electrochemistry

n Photometry and photochemistry

Biology:

n Human physiology

n Neurobiology

n Physics of X-rays for medical doctors

and biologists

n Biochemistry

n Plant physiology

n Ecology

Applied Sciences:

n Food chemistry

n Petrochemistry

n Renewable energy

n Biotechnology

n Neurobiology

n Materials science

n Laser physics

Franck-Hertz experiment with Hg

Law of the integral ratios of volumes

Measurements of the giant fibre of an intact earthworm

Laser-Doppler–Anemometry (LDA)

Extensive knowledge – the subjects covered by PHYWE


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One system for EVERYTHING – Recording and analysing measurement data with our “measure” software

Most of the experiments use the universal, high-

performance measurement data recording system

Cobra3. The measure software is always used for

capturing the data - from the secondary school

level I up to the university level. Apart from the

representation and measurement features,

measure also offers an extensive collection of

tools for the analysis of data, the export and im-

port of the data of other applications, and much

more. In addition, measure offers particularly

easy access to the experiment. The computer-

assisted experiments can be selected from the list

of subjects. If desired, experiment descriptions,

measurement settings, and example measure-

ments can also be loaded.

If you need more information, please order our

Cobra3 brochure or visit our website:

www.phywe.com

For education in the natural sciences towards the

end of the basic courses, the computer-assisted

recording and analysis of measurement data

is becoming increasingly important. Numerous

phenomena cannot be conveyed or presented

without computer assistance. In addition, the

execution and evaluation of the experiments

are considerably simplified. Lectures are also

made easier, since the issues of complex or rapid

phenomena, such as in electricity or solid-state

physics, can be conveyed much more efficiently

and convincingly with the aid of computers.

One out of three experiments of PHYWE’s univer-

sity programme is computer-assisted. The central

platform for the recording and analysis of mea-

surement data is the measure software. Experi-

ments with corresponding units can be directly

connected to the computer such as, for example,

the X-ray unit, the multi-channel analyser, or the

Franck-Hertz operating unit.

User advantages of “measure”

n One software for all of the computer-assisted measurements and analyses

n Intuitive operation

n Easy import and export of data and graphs

n High-performance evaluation and representation tools

n Ready-to-use experiments can be selected from a list

of subjects

nExtensive help function

Fine structure of the α spectrum of 241Am with the multi-channel analyser Fine structure of the α spectrum of 241Am with the multi-channel analyser

Perform the measurement Evaluate the dataSimply load an experiment Perform the measurement Evaluate the dataSimply load an experimentSimply load an experimentSimply load an experiment


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Most of the computer-assisted university experi-

ments are performed with our universal measu-

rement data recording system Cobra3.

Cobra3 offers four cascading basic units (UNITs)

and numerous plug-in measurement modules

and sensors. Combined with the power and

functionality of measure, Cobra3 can be ideally

adapted to the most versatile applications in

natural sciences and technology at universities.

The Cobra3 Basic UNIT with a maximum scanning

rate of 500 kHz (analog) or 4MHz (digital) and up

to four measurands, for example, enables the

tracking of extremely rapid signal courses. The

type of measurands can be selected from a wide

range of different measurement modules and

sensors. The Cobra3 CHEM UNIT with its range of

measurands (conductivity, pH/potential, 4x tem-

perature, digital input for drop counters/motor

piston burettes) offers everything that is required

for computer-assisted chemistry experiments.

The software module PowerGraph, which can

be connected to measure as a plug-in module,

enables the intuitive and quick configuration

of complex, cascading set-ups. PowerGraph has

a graphical user interface for the automatic

identification and intuitive configuration of the

hardware. In addition, reverse values (relations)

as well as XY graphs or calculated measurement

channels are possible.

Measurement data recording with Cobra3 – universal and powerful

Cascaded basic units (Cobra3 DISPLAY, BASIC, CHEM, and COM UNIT) with a selection of measurement modules/sensors

Intuitive configuration of complex, cascaded set-ups with PowerGraph

Measurement data recording with Cobra3 – the Stirling engine

User advantages of Cobra3:

Intuitive configuration of complex, cascaded set-ups with PowerGraphwith PowerGraph

nUniversal measurement interface for natural sciences and technology at universities

nWide range of different measurement modules/sensors

nUse of the advantages of “measure”

nEase of adaptation, compact design

nTracking of highly rapid signal courses (500 kHz analog or 4 MHz digital)

nCascading set-up, yet intuitive configuration (PowerGraph)

nCan also be used without a computer for laboratory courses and lectures

Cascaded basic units (Cobra3 DISPLAY, BASIC, CHEM, and COM UNIT) with a selection of measurement modules/sensors


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With currently more than 350 experiments of

the LEx series, PHYWE offers an extensive range

of solution systems for scientific and technical

education in lectures and laboratory courses. The

state-of-the-art experiment literature, which is

specifically adapted to the needs of the respective

target groups, helps with the execution of the

experiments and includes:

n a list of specialist terms concerning the

experiment

n a photo showing the complete experiment

set-up

n a brief summary of the experiment method

n a list of tasks for your students

n a detailed equipment list

n a didactic summary of the theoretical back-

ground of the various experiments

n instructions concerning the execution of the

experiments, including all of the necessary

settings plus tips for obtaining excellent results

n a complete evaluation with literature

references

Experiment descriptions

Collection of experiments of the LEx series

You will obtain an optimum overview with our

experiment collections LEP, LEC, and LEB. There,

you will find experiments in physics, chemistry,

and biology, all grouped into individual subjects,

as well as brief, one-page descriptions of the

experiments.

We can already offer you more than 100 experi-

ments in applied sciences.

Experiment descriptions in physics, chemistry, and biology

We can already offer you more than 100 experi-We can already offer you more than 100 experi-We can already offer you more than 100 experi-


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Mechanics

74 experiments concerning statics, dynamics,

mechanics of liquids and gases as well as

acoustics.

Example: triaxial gyroscope

Advantages:

n Triaxial gyroscope with ball bearings

n Easy and intuitive performance of the

gyroscope laws

n Additional weight for increasing and elimina-

ting the torque in contrarotation

You can find more under: LEP 1.3.19

Example: Wave phenomena with ultrasound

Advantages:

n Goniometer (stepper-motor-controlled) for

safe and intuitive operation

n All of the fundamental experiments concer-

ning the subject can be performed

n Computer-assisted measurement data recor-

ding already integrated

You can find more under: LEP 1.5.13-24

Laboratory Experiments Physics

In order to deepen the physical principals that are taught during the lectures, PHYWE offers an exten-

sive range of classic and modern laboratory experiments.

The „Laboratory Experiments Physics“ collection includes (nearly) all of the standard experiments that

you need for teaching your students in basic and advanced laboratory courses as well as in laboratory

courses for physics as a minor subject. We offer inspiring experiments in mechanics, optics, thermo-

dynamics, electricity, solid-state physics, atomic physics, and nuclear physics.

The Magnus gyroscope – one of PHYWE’s classics

Example: Wave phenomena with ultrasound

The Magnus gyroscope – one of PHYWE’s classics

Triaxial gyroscopeTriaxial gyroscope

Ultrasonic diffraction at a slit


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Optics

More than 70 experiments in geometrical optics,

interference, diffraction, photometry, polarisati-

on, and applied optics/laser optics.

Example: Advanced optics system for laboratory

courses

Advantages:

n Compact and clear two-dimensional set-up

n Safe use due to magnetic supports with

Teflon gliders

n Excellent results thanks to a vibration-dam-

pened base plate with a high level of inherent

stiffness

n More than 45 documented experiments in

wave optics, holography, interferometry,

Fourier optics, and applied optics

n Easily extendible

If you need more information, please order our

brochure “Advanced Optics”.

Example: CO2 laser

Advantages:

n Didactic laser

n Everything is clearly visible; no black box

n The composition of the gas can be changed

n Maximum power 5 W

You can find more under LEP 2.6.04

Recording and reconstruction of a hologram CO2 laser set-up


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Thermodynamics

24 experiments in the fields of thermal expansi-

on, ideal and real gases, calorimetry, phase tran-

sition, diffusion, and applied thermodynamics.

Example: Stirling engine

Advantages:

n Clear set-up

n Carnot cycle easily comprehensible

n Efficiency calculation

n The first and second law of thermodynamics

and their reversal can be measured

n Can be used with and without an interface


Electricity

38 experiments concerning the steady-state

current, electric field, magnetic field, electrody-

namics, and electromagnetic waves.

Example: Fundamental principles of electricity/

electronics

Advantages:

n Compact and clear set-up

n Universal measurement data recording system

with a function generator for measuring

highly rapid signal courses and frequency

dependencies

n High level of variability thanks to numerous

fundamental experiments concerning, for

example, the characteristics of components,

the inductance of coils, magnetic induction,

capacitors and coils in the AC circuit, the RLC

AC circuit, high-pass and low-pass filters, etc.

n Easy adaptation and extension for more com-

plex experiments

You can find more under: LEP 4.1.01 and the

following experiments.

the inductance of coils, magnetic induction,

capacitors and coils in the AC circuit, the RLC

AC circuit, high-pass and low-pass filters, etc.

n

plex experiments

You can find more under: LEP 4.1.01 and the

following experiments.

Stirling engine with Cobra3

Inductance of coils with Cobra3


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Solid-state, atomic, and nuclear physics

78 experiments in the following fields: physics

of the electron, radioactivity, sold-state physics,

atomic and nuclear physics, plasma physics, and

the physics of X-rays.

Example: Zeeman* effect

Advantages:

n Normal and abnormal Zeeman effect in

one set-up

n With an electromagnet or a permanent magnet

n Fabry-Pérot interferometer with high resolution

n Computer-assisted evaluation of the

interference phenomena

*(Pieter Zeeman, Nobel Prize in physics 1902)


Example: physics of X-rays

Advantages:

n Easy-to-use X-ray unit with a full protection

certificate

n 4 different quick-change tubes (Cu, Mo, Fe, W)

n More than 30 experiments

You can find more under: LEP 5.4.01-63

Example: Stern*-Gerlach experiment

Advantages:

n Fundamental experiment for explaining the

nature of quantum mechanics

n Sophisticated physics as a laboratory

experiment

n Computer-assisted execution and evaluation

of the experiment

*(Otto Stern, Nobel Prize in physics 1943)


We would be pleased if we could send you our

catalogue „Laboratory Experiments Physics“,

in which all of the experiments are concisely

presented.

Example: physics of X-rays

Proof of the Zeeman effect

Experiment with the X-ray unit

Stern-Gerlach experimentStern-Gerlach experimentStern-Gerlach experiment


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The experiments cover the following fields:

Kinetic theory

12 experiments concerning the gas laws, the

determination of the molar mass in accordance

with the vapour density method, and viscosity.

Advantages:

n Clear set-up

n Absolutely mercury-free

n Quick execution

n The measurement of the state quantities with

an interface enables the quick and easy

graphical representation of the results

n Quick preparation

Laboratory Experiments Chemistry

In the education in chemistry, experiments should always be at the core of the lessons and courses,

either as demonstrations held by the lecturer or as experiments performed by the students themsel-

ves. With the „Laboratory Experiments“ series, PHYWE offers a collection of 82 experiments concer-

ning physical chemistry for universities and colleges, but also for the secondary school level II.

Thermochemistry/calorimetry

16 experiments concerning the heat capacity, re-

action enthalpies, boiling points, melting point,

and calorimetry.

Advantages:

n Clear set-up

n Electric calibration of the calorimeter system

n The measurement with an interface enables

the precise recording of the temperature curve

over time

Advantages:

and calorimetry.

Gas laws with the glass jacket system

Determination of the evaporation enthalpy of a liquid substance


14 15

Chemical equilibrium

15 experiments concerning phase, dissociation,

and solubility equilibriums, the vapour pressure

of mixtures, distillation, and gas chromatography.

Advantages:


n All of the components are clearly visible

(no reflective coating)

n Maintenance-free thanks to the

mechanical column head

Interfacial phenomena

7 experiments concerning the surface tension,

adsorption, and electrokinetic potential.

Chemical kinetics

8 experiments concerning the kinetics of chemi-

cal reactions.

Advantages:


n The measurement with an interface enables

the precise recording of the reaction over time

Electrochemistry

21 experiments in the following fields: conduc-

tivity, electrochemical potentials, pH measure-

ment, electrolysis, and electrochemical analysis

methods.

Advantages:

n Safe separation of the two half cells

n Precise temperature control

n Exact measurement results

Photometry/photochemistry

3 experiments concerning the interaction of light

and matter (spectra, pKa determination)


catalogue “Laboratory Experiments Chemistry”,


presented.

Determination of the theoretical plate number of a distillation columnDetermination of the theoretical plate number of a distillation column

Conductometric measurement of ester saponificationConductometric measurement of ester saponification

Temperature dependence of the electromotive force


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Neurobiology laboratory

PHYWE‘s neurobiology laboratory enables the

didactic treatment of the fundamental neuro-

biological principles of highly topical subjects,

such as Alzheimer‘s and Parkinson‘s disease. 13

fundamental experiments concerning nerve cells

can be performed with the equipment set. The

neurobiological laboratory is also suitable as a

demonstration system, since the controls and

functional elements of the system are clearly vi-

sible from the auditorium and the measurement

results can be projected with a beamer.

Experiment subjects:

n Intracellular potential and action potential

n Membrane time constant the low-pass

filtering

n Excitatory synapse

n Hebb’s synapse

n Inhibitory synapse

n Veto synapse

Electrophysiology laboratory

The electrophysiology laboratory for physiological

laboratory courses for basic biology and medicine

courses at universities enables four experiment

set-ups: electrocardiography (ECG), electromy-

ography (EMG), electrooculography (EOG), and

muscle stretch reflex. All of these set-ups use

the same measurement data recording system.

Therefore, students do not need to familiarise

themselves with other data capture tools and

can instead focus on the execution of the ex-

periments. There is a wide range of interesting

applications, e.g. the signal transmission rate in

nerve cells, the reading speed, reaction time, or

a fitness comparison of trained and untrained

persons.

User advantages:

n Complete didactic solution of four medical

standard methods

n Didactics of methods that are used for diag-

nosing diseases (cardiovascular and circulatory

system, nervous system)

n Numerous interesting applications

n Suitable as a demonstration system and as a

system for laboratory experiments

Laboratory Experiments Biology

For the education in medicine, human physiology, plant physiology, and biochemistry, PHYWE offers a

uniform measurement data recording system, which is so flexible that a great variety of experiments

can be performed. PHYWE also supplies didactic experiment literature for all of these experiments.

The electrophysiology laboratory for physiological

laboratory courses for basic biology and medicine

PHYWE‘s neurobiology laboratory enables the

didactic treatment of the fundamental neuro-


16 17

Other subjects are:

n Interaction between nerve cells, sensory cells,

and motor cells

n Neural networks

n Complex neural networks

These subjects are possible if one to three additi-

onal nerve cells are added to the equipment set.

A total of 31 experiments can be performed, such

as experiments on action potentials, synapses,

conditioned reflexes, neuronal oscillators (body

clock), and short-term memory.

As a complement to the neurophysiology labora-

tory, the following experiments are helpful:

n As an entry-level experiment in neurophysio-

logy: model experiment concerning the mea-

surement of the membrane potential of a

nerve cell (P4010450),

n Neurophysiological experiments with labora-

tory animals (intact earthworms): various

measurements of the median and lateral giant

fibre in the ventral nerve cord

n Recording of nerve potentials following an

electrical stimulation: effect of an anaesthetic,

different conduction velocities of giant fibres,

and the assessment of the refractory phase

Physics of X-rays for medical doctors and biologists

The following laboratory experiments for medi-

cine and biology courses at universities can be

performed with our didactic X-ray unit:

nX-ray dosimetry

nContrast medium

nX-ray photography

nAbsorption of X-rays

nX-ray structural analysis

Biochemistry and plant physiology laboratory

The following experiments can be performed

with the experiment system: photosynthesis,

transpiration of leaves, glycolysis, ion permeabi-

lity of the cell membrane, determination of the

Michaelis constant, substrate inhibition of enzy-

mes, enzyme inhibition, and the enzyme activity

of catalase.


catalogue „Laboratory Experiments Biology“,


presented.

The following laboratory experiments for medi-

cine and biology courses at universities can be

Experiment set-up “transpiration of leaves”


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Applied sciences at PHYWE

In physics, biology, and chemistry, PHYWE already

offers a wide range of teaching subjects with high-

quality solution systems and course materials,

but PHYWE‘s range of products also covers a lot in

the field of applied sciences: approximately 100

experiments and product packages from the lower

school level up to laboratory courses at universi-

ties. We also offer customised solutions that are

specifically adapted to the needs of our customers.

The following subject areas are already covered by

our product range:

n Food chemistry/polymer chemistry/

petrochemistry

n Renewable energy

n Environmental technology/supply of drinking

water

n Biotechnology/neurobiology

n Materials science

n Applied optics

Food chemistry

The field of nutrition and digestion is perfect

for including experiments with a direct rela-

tion to our everyday life into the education of

students.

The practical identification of nutriments is

not only important for the vocational and

professional education; it also underlines the

rules for healthy nutrition in an impressive

manner.

Because of the ever-increasing consumption

of ready-made meals and “fast food”, experi-

ments concerning the industrial food produc-

tion and processing play an important role.

The manual “Food Chemistry” includes 41 easy

experiments concerning the basic ingredients

of food:

n Proteins: 10 experiments concerning the iden-

tification, characteristics, and use of proteins

n Fats and fat-accompanying substances:

9 experiments concerning the production,

characterisation, and properties of fats

n Carbohydrates: 9 experiments concerning the

production, characteristics, and properties of

carbohydrates

Rediscovering applied sciences Natural sciences in everyday life

The distinction of science in the classic fields of physics, chemistry, and biology is increasingly becoming

blurred and there is a strong trend towards interdisciplinary and application-oriented learning, which

is surely due to the fact that our environment is rapidly changing. Answers to the questions and global

challenges of our “new” everyday life are increasingly difficult to find with the concepts of classic natural

sciences alone. This trend can also be observed at universities. There are numerous new disciplines

covering attractive new subjects. For teaching and research, this new area is an opportunity and a challenge

alike. The gaps between the great specialisations in physics, chemistry, biology, and the required new

interdisciplinary subject areas must be closed.

Renewable energy – one of many subjects in applied sciences


18 19

n Stimulants and flavourings: 8 experiments

concerning the identification and preparation

of alcohol, fruit acids, quinine, etc.

n Vitamins: 5 experiments concerning the

identification of vitamins

Biotechnology

Biotechnological production methods play an

important economic role in the pharmaceutical,

chemical, and foodstuff industries. Production

takes place in bioreactors, in which the mixing

processes, gas injection, pH, temperature, and

other parameters can be controlled with a high

level of precision.

PHYWE offers a complete small-scale teaching

and learning system for didactic purposes with

which the following, well-documented experi-

ments can be performed:

n Fermentation of molasses into ethanol with

the aid of yeast

n Microbial synthesis of ethanol by Zymomonas

n Preparation of amino acids through the

fermentation of Crynebacterium glutamicum

n Bacteria used in mining - microbial ore

leaching by Thiobacillus

n Immobilised cells used in biotechnology –

microbial synthesis of acetic acid by

Acetobacter aceti

The two bioreactors – one airlift reactor and one

stirred-tank reactor – are so flexible that other

biotechnical methods can also be applied.

The system can also be used for demonstration

purposes, since the experiments can be set up on

a vertical plate for complete experiments so that

all of the components are clearly visible from the

auditorium.

Materials science

Energy-resolved spectra can be recorded with

a combination of an X-ray energy detector, a

multi-channel analyser, and an X-ray unit. As a

result, experiments concerning X-ray fluorescence

analysis can be demonstrated easily or perfor-

med as a laboratory experiment. The method is

applied for the non-destructive characterisation

of metals, alloys, and superconductors such as in

this example of an X-ray fluorescence analysis of

a YBaCu0 superconductor.

Further information concerning the field of

applied sciences can be found in our brochure

“Applied Sciences”, which you can order.

Spectroscopy of a YbaCu0 superconductor with the X-ray energy detector

Quantitative fat determination in foodstuffs through multiple extractions

Microbial synthesis of acetic acid with the aid of Acetobacter aceti


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Diffusion cloud chamber by PHYWE

The diffusion cloud chamber by PHYWE is one

of the oldest, modern particle detectors. It

is particularly suitable for observing natural

background radiation, i.e. the type of radiati-

on that surrounds us every day. There are two

types of natural radiation: cosmic radiation and

the natural radioactivity of the earth. Whether

it is α-particles, β-particles, protons, muons,

electrons, or positrons – all types of electrically

charged particles can be observed.

Inside the cloud chamber, there is a zone of

oversaturated alcohol vapour with a layer thick-

ness of approximately 1 cm. If an ionising partic-

le passes through this layer, it produces a cloud

track. The shape of this track provides informati-

on concerning the type of particle and its kinetic

energy. „Large“ α-particles produce a short, wide

track, low-energy β-particles change their direc-

tion when they collide with an alcohol molecule,

and high-energy muons produce a straight track.

The electron-position pair generation - though

very rare - is always a highlight. Between 100

and 500 cloud tracks are always visible, but they

disappear due to condensation at the cooled

base plate. The spectacle that repeats over and

over again fascinates every observer.

Product highlights made by PHYWE – True masterpieces

Enter the world of cosmic and terrestrial radiation with our diffusion cloud chamber. As an object illustrating the subject of radioactivity, the diffusion cloud chamber is used at universities and schools, but it also attracts visitors in museum, science centres, and even at art exhibitions, such as the world‘s largest art exhibition, Documenta.

Diffusion cloud chamber by PHWEDiffusion cloud chamber by PHWE

With their unique products, PHYWE has demonstrated their excellence in developing and manu-

facturing teaching materials for natural sciences. One example is our diffusion cloud chamber that

makes natural background radiation visible in a fascinating manner. Students and everybody who is

interested in natural sciences can observe a phenomenon, which is normally invisible.


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Distillation system

The distillation system can be used to demonst-

rate and understand the fundamental principles

of counter-current distillation (phase equilibrium

of multicomponent systems) or for the preparati-

ve separation of hardly separable compounds.

The system comes supplied with evacuated, un-

coated insulating jackets. Since the components

have no reflective coating, the inside of the

system is clearly visible during the distillation,

which makes the system particularly suitable for

teaching purposes.

The combination of two large packed columns

enables a higher separating capacity (high theo-

retical plate number).

The adaptors between the columns enable the

withdrawal of substance samples, which can

then be easily separated by gas chromatography.

The column head with the attached intensive

cooler is used for the manual adjustment of

the reflux ratio of distillation columns, i.e. the

separation of the condensate into reflux and

outflow. It is suitable for operation under normal

pressure.References

Our German-speaking customers at research insti-

tutions and universities include:

n Georg August University Göttingen

n LMU Munich

n University of Potsdam

n University of Bielefeld

n ETH Zurich

n TU Berlin

n DESY Hamburg

n RWTH Aachen

n Humboldt University Berlin

n University of Konstanz

Set-up of the distillation column (height: 2.30 m)


university

Education in the natural sciences begins in a lec-

ture hall, but our service starts a long way before

all that. Our extensive and perfected customer

care programme is based on the three columns

Campus, Pre-Sales, and After-Sales. Campus is a

training and education programme that provides

our end users, sales partners, and employees

with the opportunity to always be up-to-date

in terms of the scientific and technical deve-

lopments at PHYWE. Whether it is online, at the

customer’s site, or in-house at PHYWE in Göttin-

gen: our Campus is always there for you.

The Pre-Sales area includes – among other things

– the scientific contributions of PHYWE at spe-

cialised conferences, product and system de-

monstrations, and seminars, but also consulting

Excellent products, consulting, and service PHYWE provides assistance and brings people together

and support in the definition of projects and the

selection of the optimal solutions and systems for

your specific needs. We ensure that you make the

right decisions, and that you receive and use the

best cost-performance ratio. Please do not hes-

itate to ask us! With our After-Sales programme,

we ensure that you can use your PHYWE product

efficiently for a long time. This is indeed reliable

protection for your investment. We are there for

you if you have queries concerning the respective

installation or utilisation, but also for the supply

of spare parts or in the event of warranty claims

and repairs. Our technical hotline supports you.

Customer Services

Pre-SalesSupport

After-SalesTechnical Support

CampusTrainings

In-house On-siteTechnical Hotline

RepairConference Consulting

PHYWE headquarters in Göttingen, Germany


22 23

PHYWE headquarters in Göttingen, GermanyPHYWE headquarters in Göttingen, Germany

First-class service by PHYWE Consultation required? Or you can order directly under:

Contacts

Germany P. +49 (0) 551 604-130 [email protected]

Africa P. +49 (0) 551 604-188 [email protected]

Eastern Europe P. +49 (0) 551 604-137 [email protected]

Africa (francophone), France P. +32 (0) 436 162-30 [email protected]

America, Spain, Portugal P. +49 (0) 551 604-119 [email protected]

Asia-Pacific P. +49 (0) 551 604-245 [email protected]

Near and Middle East P. +49 (0) 551 604-222 [email protected]

Western Europe P. +49 (0) 551 604-231 [email protected]

PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KGRobert-Bosch-Breite 10D-37079 GöttingenGermany

Sales Agency LiegeGrand Route 79B-4610 Beyne-HeusayLiège/Belgique


MF 24

Grand´Route 79 B-4610 Beyne-Heusay

T. +32 (0) 436 162 - 30 F. +32 (0) 436 162 - 48 + 49

[email protected] www.phywe.com

PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG Robert-Bosch-Breite 10 D-37079 Göttingen

T. +49 (0) 551 604 - 0 F. +49 (0) 551 604 - 107

[email protected] www.phywe.com

excellence in science

Our sales partners:

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EN Hochschule

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