EN 378-1.pdf

EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPEENNEEUROPAISCHE NORM

ICS 01.040.27; 27.080; 27.200

EN 378-1

June 2000

English version

Supersedes EN 378:1994

Refrigerating systems and heat pumps - Safety andenvironmental requirements - Part 1: Basic requirements,

definitions, classification and selection criteria

Systsmes de nHrigeration et pampes achaleur - Exigencesde securtte at d'environnement ~ Partie 1 : Exigences de

base, definitions. classification et criteres de choix

Kalteanlagen und Warmepumpen - Sicherheitstechnischeund umweltrelevante Anforderungen - Teil1 :

Grundlagende Anforderungen. Definitionen, Kassifikationenund Auswahlkriterien

.()This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 November 1999.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CENlCENElEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the offidalversions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark. Finland. France, Germany, Greece.Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden. Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITIEE FOR STANDARDlZAnONCOMITE EUROPE EN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPAISCHES KOMITEE FUR NORMUNG

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

2000 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.

Ref. No. EN 378-1:2000 EO

EN 378-1 :2000

Contents

Page

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Foreword

Foreword .Introduction .1 Scope ..2 Normative references .3 Definitions .4 Basic Requirements .....................................5 Classification ..6 Selection of refrigerants ..............................7 Selection of cooling or heating systems ........................Annex A (informative) Equivalent terms in English, French and GermanAnnex B (informative) Total equivalent warming impact (TEWI) .......Annex C (informative) Location of refrigerating systems .Annex D (informative) Protection of people .....ho are inside cold roomsAnnex E (informative) Informalion about refrigerants ...............Annex F (informative) Risk assessment .......................Annex G (informative) Bibliography ............................Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing

essential requirements or other provisions of EU Directives ..........

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12162324252932An~v

414748

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This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CENfTC 182 "Refrigerating systems, safetyand environmental requirements", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This European Standard supersedes EN 378:1994.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by December 2000, and confiicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latestby December 2000.

This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and theEuropean Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this standard.

NOTE 1: It should be noted that this standard at the time of publication does not satisfy all essential safetyrequirements of the Direclive 97/231EC.

NOTE 2: This European Standard had also been proposed for inclusion in the mandate under the EU Direc-tive 89/3921EEC (Machinery Direclive). As the mandate has been given after the Standard had been acceptedby the Technical Committee for submission to formal vote and in order not to further delay its publication, itwill be reviewed within the context of the latest version of the Machinery Directive directly after the publicalion.

This EN 378-1:1999 is part of a standard consisting of a series of the following parts:

Part 1 Basic requirements, definitions, classificalion and selection criteria

Part 2 Design, construction, testing, marking and documentation

Part 3 Installation site and personal protection

Part 4 Operation, maintenance, repair and recovery

For the 6-month enquiry, the draft standard was issued in 13 parts. After the discussion of the comments receivedduring the enquiry it was decided to rearrange the content of 12 parts and to publish the final standard in the above4 parts. The remaining part 13 will be published as a separate standard.

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The annexes A, B, C, D, E, F, G and ZA of this European Standard are informative.

According to the CENICENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Rnland,France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

Introduction

This European Standard relates to safety and environmental requirements in the design, construction, manufacture,installation, operation, maintenance and disposal of refrigerating systems and appliances in respect to the iocal andglobal environments, but not to the final destruction of the refrigerants.

The term "refrigerating system" used in this standard includes heat pumps.

It is intended to minimize possible hazards to persons, property and the environment from refrigerating systems andrefrigerants. These hazards are associated essentially with the physical and chemical characteristics of refrigerantsas weli as the pressures and temperatures occurring in refrigeration cycies.

Inadequate precautions may result in:

- rupture of a part or even an explosion, with risk from projected materials;

- escape of refrigerant due to a fracture, a.leakage caused by bad design, incorrect operation, and inadequatemaintenance, repair, charging or disposal;

- buming or explosion of escaping refrigerant with consequent risk of fire.

Refrigerants, their mixtures and combinations with oils, water or other materials, which are present in the refrigerat-ing system,intended or unintended, affect the intemal surrounding materials chemically and physically for exampledue to pressure and temperature. They can, if they have detrimental properties, endanger persons, property and theenvironment directly or indirectly due to global longterm effects (ODP,GWP) when escaping from the refrigeratingsystem. The specifications of such refrigerants, mixtures and combinations are given in other standards and are notincluded in this standard.

Hazards due to the states of pressure and temperature in refrigerating systems are essentially due to the simulta-neous presence of the liquid and vapour phases. Furthermore, the state of the refrigerant and the stresses that itexerts on the various components do not depend solely on the processes and functions inside the plant, but alsofrom extemal causes.

The following hazards are worthy of note:

a) from the direct effect of low temperature, for example:

- brittleness of materials at low temperatures;- freezing of enclosed liquid (water, brine or similar);- thermal stresses;- changes of volume due to temperature changes;- injurious effects to persons caused by low temperatures;

b) from excessive pressure due to, for example:

- increase in the pressure of condensation, caused by inadequate cooling or the partial pressure ofnoncondensable gases or an accumulation of oil or liquid refrigerant;- increase in the pressure of saturated vapour due to excessive external heating, for example of a liquidcooler, or when defrosting an air cooler or high ambient temperature when the plant is at a standstill;- expansion of liquid refrigerant in a closed space without the presence of vapour, caused by a rise inexternal temperature;- fire;

c) from the direct effect of the liquid phase, for example:

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- excessive charge or flooding of equipment;- presence of liquid in compressors, caused by syphoning, or condensation in the compressor;- liquid hammer in piping;- loss of lubrication due to emulsification of oil;

d) from the escape of refrigerants, for example:

- fire;- explosion;- toxicity;- caustic effects;- freezing of skin;- asphyxiation;- panic;- depletion of the ozone layer;- global warming;

e) from the moving parts of machinery, for example:

- injuries;- hearing loss from excessive noise;- damage due to vibration:

Attention is drawn to hazards common to all compression systems, such as excessive temperature at discharge,liquid slugging, erroneous operation or reduction in mechanical strength caused by corrosion, erosion, thermalstress, liquid hammer or vibration.

Corrosion, however, should have special consideration as conditions peculiar to refrigerating systems arise due toaltemate frosting and defrosting or the covering of equipment by insulation.

The above analysis of the hazards applying to refrigerating systems explains the plan on which this EuropeanStandard has been based.

1 Scope

1.1 This European Standard specifies the requirements relating to safety of persons and property, but not goodsin storage, and the local and giobai environment for:

a) stationary and mobile refrigerating systems of all sizes, including heat pumps;'l' . j b) secondary cooling or heating systems; and

c) the location of these refrigerating systems.

1.2 For refrigerating systems with a limited mass of refrigerant oniy some of the parts and ciauses are applicabie.The exceptions are defined in the scope and the clauses of each Part of EN 378.

1.3 This European Standard is not applicable to refrigerating systems with air or water as refrigerant.

1.4 This European Standard covers the hazards mentioned in the introduction.

1.5 This European Standard is applicable to new refrigerating systems. The part dealing with maintenance, repair,operation, recovery, reuse and disposal also applies to existing systems. Parties responsible for existing refrigeratingsystems should consider the safety and environmental aspects of this European Standard and implement the morestringent requirements so far as they are reasonabiy practicable.

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The extent to which hazards are covered is indicated in the introduction. In addition, machinery should comply asappropriate with EN 292-1 and EN 292-2 for hazards which are not covered by this standard.

NOTE Directive 94/9/EC conceming equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosiveatmospheres can be applicable to the type of machine or equipment covered by this European standard. Thepresent standard is not intended to provide means of complying with the essential health and safety requirementsof Directive 94/4/EC.

2 Normative references

This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publlcations apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies.

EN 292-1Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, generai principies for design - Part t: Basic tenninoiogy, methodology

EN 292-2Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general prinicples for design - Part 2: Technical principles andspecifications

EN 294Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper limbs

3 Definitions

For the purposes of this European Standard the following definitions apply:

NOTE: See Informative annex A for equivalent terms in English, French and German.

3.1 Refrigerating systems

3.1.1 refrigerating system [heat pump]: Combination of interconnected refrigerant-containing parts constitutingone closed refrigerant circuit in which the refrigerantis circulated for the purpose of extracting and rejecting heat (i.e.cooling, heating).

3.1.2 self-contained system: Completefactory-made refrigerating system in a suitable frame and/or enclosure, thatis fabricated and transported in one or more sections and in which no refrigerant containing parts are connected onsite other than by companion or block valves.

3.1.3 unit system: Self-contained system that has been assembled, filled ready for use and tested prior to itsinstallation and is installed without need for connecting any refrigerant containing parts; a unit system can includefactory assembled companion or block valves.

3.1.4 limited charge system: Refrigerating system in which the intemal volume and total refrigerant charge aresuch that, with the system idle, the allowablepressurewill not be exceeded If complete evaporation of the refrigerantcharge occurs.

3.1.5 absorption or adsorption system: Refrigerating system in which refrigeration is effected by evaporation ofa refrigerant, the vapour then being absorbed or adsorbed by an absorbent or adsorbent medium respectively, fromwhich it is subsequently expelled at a higher partial vapour pressure by heating and then liquefied by cooling.

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3.1.6 secondary cooling or heating system: System employing a fluid which transfers heat from the product orspaces to be cooled or heated or from another cooling or heating system to the refrigerating system.

3.1.7 closed system: Refrigerating system in which all refrigerant-eontaining parts are made tight by flanges,screwed fittings orsimilar connections.

3.1.8 sealed system: Refrigerating system in which all refrigerant containing parts are made tight by welding,brazing or a similar permanent connection.

3.1.9 high pressure side: Part of a refrigerating system operating at approximately the condenser pressure.

3.1.10 lew pressure side: Part of a refrigerating system operating at approximateiy the evaporator pressure.

3.1.11 mobile system: Refrigerating system which is normally in transit during operation.

NOTE: Mobile systems include the following:

- refrigerating systems in vessels, e.g. refrigerated cargo systems in ships, refrigerating systems in fishingboats, air conditioning on board, refrigerating systems for provisions;

- transport refrigerating systems, e.g. transport of refrigerated cargo by road, train and containers;

- refrigerating systems for air conditioning in vehicles, e.g. cars, lonries, buses. excavators and cranes.

3.2 Occupancies, localities

3.2.1 special machinery room: Room or enclosure specially intended to contain, for reasons connected with safetyand environmental protection, components of the refrigerating system not accessible to the public but not includingrooms or enclosures containing only evaporators, condensers or piping.

3.2.2 human occupied space: Complete space which is occupied for a significant period by humans. Where thespaces around the apparent human. occupied space are, by construction or design, not air tight, these areconsidered as part of the human occupied space, e.g. false ceiling voids, crawl ways, ducts, movable partitions anddoors with transfer grilles.

3.2.3 air lock: Isolating chamber provided with separate entrance and exit doors allowing passage from one placeto another whilst isolating one from the other.

3.2.4 lobby: Entrance hall or large hallway serving as a waiting room.

3.2.5 hallway: Corridor for the passage of people.

3.2.6 exit: Opening in the outer wall, with or without a door or gate.

3.2.7 exit passageway: Passageway immediately in the vicinity of the door through which people leave thebuilding.

3.2.8 cold room: Room or cabinet, maintained by a refrigerating system at a temperature lower than ambienttemperature.

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3.2.9 direct communication: Communication where the partition wall between rooms contains an opening whichcan optionally be shut by a door, window or hatch.

3.2.10 open air: Any unenclosed space, which may be roofed.

3.3 Pressures

3.3.1 gauge pressure: Pressure for which the value is equal to the algebraic difference between the absolutepressure and atmospherfc pressure [see EN 764J.

NOTE: All pressures are gauge pressures, unless otherwise indicated.

3.3.2 maximum allowable pressure: Maximum pressure for which the equipment is designed, as specified by themanufacturer.

NOTE 1: Limit to the operating pressure which should not be exceeded either when the system is .....orking ornot, see EN 764.

NOTE 2: The Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC identifies the maximum allowable pressure by thesymbol "PS".

3.3.3 design pressure: Pressure chosen for the derfvation of the calculation pressure of each component, seeEN 764.

NOTE: It is used for determining the necessary materfais, thickness and construction for components withregard to their ability to withstand pressure.

3.3.4 strength test pressure: Pressure that is applied to test the strength of a refrfgerating system or any part ofit.

3.3.5 leakage test pressure: Pressure that is applied to test a system or any part of it for pressure tightness.

3.3.6 maximum declared pressure: Pressure declared by the manufacturer of the component or device to whichit may be subjected without reducing its performance.

3.3.7 ultimate strength of a system: Pressure at which a part of the system ruptures or bursts.

3.4 Components of refrigerating systems

3.4.1 refrigerating installation: Assembly of components of a refrigerating system and all the apparatus necessaryfor its operation.

3.4.2 refrigerating equipment: Components forming a part of the refrfgerating system, e.g. compressor, condenser,generator, absorber, adsorber, liquid receiver, evaporator, surge drum.

3.4.3 compressor: Device for mechanically increasing the pressure of a refrfgerant vapour.

3.4.4 motorcompressor: Fixed combination of electrfcal motor and compressor in one unit.

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3.4.4.1 hermetic motorcompressor: Combination consisting of a compressor and electrical motor, both of whichare enclosed in the same housing, with no extemal shaft or shaft seals, the electrical motor operating in a mixtureof 011 and refrigerant vapour.

3.4.4.2 semihermetic (accessible hermetic) motorcompressor: Combination consisting of a compressor andelectrical motor, both of which are enclosed in the same housing, having removable covers for access, but havingno extemal shaft or shaft seals, the electrical motor operating in a mixture of oil and refrigerant vapour.

3.4.4.3 canned rotor motorcompressor: Motorcompressor within a sealed housing not enclosing the motorwindings and having no extemal. shaft.

3.4.5 open compressor: Compressor having a drive shaft penetrating the refrigerant-tight housing.

3.4.6 positive displacement compressor: Compressor in which compression is obtained by changing the intemalvolume of the compression chamber.

3.4.7 non-positive displacement compressor: Compressor in which compression is obtained without changingthe intemal volume of the compression chamber.

3.4.8 pressure vessel: Any refrigerant-containing part of a refrigerating system other than:

- compressors;

- pumps;

- component parts of sealed absorption systems;

- evaporators, each separate section of which does not exceed 15 I of refrigerant containing volume;

- coils and grids;

- piping and its valves, joints and fillings;

- control devices;

C) - headers and other components having an intemai diameter of not greater than 152 mm and an internal netvoiume of not greater than 100 I.

3.4.9 condenser: Heat exchanger in which vaporized refrigerant is Iiquified by removal of heat.

3.4.10 liquid receiver: Vessel permanently connected to a system by iniet and outlet pipes for accumulation ofliquid refrigerant.

3.4.11 evaporator: Heat exchanger in which liquid refrigerant is vaporized by absorbing heat from the substanceto be cooled.

3.4.12 coil: Part of the refrigerating system constructed from bent or straightpipes or tubes suitably connected andservinq as a heat exchanger (evaporator or condenser).

3.4.13 grid: Part of the refrigerating system constructed from bent or straightpipes or tubes suitably connected andserving as a heat exchanger (evaporator or condenser).

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3.4.14 compressor unit: Combination of one or more compressors and the regularly fumished accessories.

3.4.15 condensing unit: Combination of one or more compressors, condensers or liquid receivers (when required)and the regularly fumished accessories. .

3.4.16 evaporating unit: Combination of one or more compressors, evaporators, liquid receivers (when required)and the regularly fumished accessories.

3.4.17 surge drum: Vessels containing refrigerant at low pressure and temperature and connected by liquid feedand vapour retum pipes to (an) evaporator(s).

3.4.18 internal gross volume: Volume calculated from the intemal dimensions of a vessel, no account being takenof the volume of any intemal parts.

3.4.19 internal net volume: Volume calculatedfrom the intemal dimensions of a vessel, after the subtraction of thevolume of the intemal parts.

3.5 Piping, joints and fittings3.5.1 piping: Pipes or tubes (including any hose, bellows or flexible pipe) for interconnecting the various parts ofa refrigerating system.

3.5.2 joint: Connection made between two parts.

3.5.3 welded joint: Joint obtained by the joining of metal parts in the plastic or molten state.

3.5.4 brazed joint: Joint obtained by the joining of metal parts with alloys which melt at temperatures in generalhigher than 450 C but less than the melting temperatures of the joined parts.

3.5.5 soldered joint: Joint obtained by the joining of metal parts with metallic mixtures or alloys which melt attemperatures In general from 200 C to 450 C.

3.5.6 flanged joint: Joint made by bolting together a pair of flanged ends.

3.5.7 flared joint: Metal-lo-melal compression joint in which a conicai spread is made on the end of the tube.

3.5.8 screwed joint: Threaded pipe joint not requiringany sealing material e.g. compression joint with deformablemetal ring.

3.5.9 taper pipe thread end: Threaded pipe joint requiring filler materials in order to block the spiral leakage path.

3.5.10 header: Pipe or tube component of a refrigerating system to which several other pipes or tubes areconnected.

3.5.11 shut-off device: Device to shut off the flow of the fluid, e. g. refrigerant, brine.

EN 378-1 :2000

3.5.12 companion [block] valves: Pairs of mating stop valves, isolating sections of systems and arranged so thatthese sections may be joined before opening these valves or separated after closing them.

3.5.13 quick closing valve: Shut-off device which closes automatically (e.g. by weight, spring force, quick closingball) or has a very 'small closing angle.

3.6 Safety accessories

3.6.1 pressure relief device: Pressure relief valve or bursting disc device designed to relieve excessive pressureautomatically.

3.6.2 pressure relief valve: Pressure actuated valve held shut by a spring or other means and designed to relieveexcessive pressure automatically by starting to open at a pressure not exceeding the allowable pressure andreclosing after the pressure has fallen below the allowable pressure.

3.6.3 bursting disc: Disc or foil which bursts at a predetemnined differential pressure.

C) 3.6.4 fusible plug: Device containing a material which melts at a predetemnined temperature and thereby relievingthe pressure.

3.6.5 temperature limiting device: Temperature actuateddevice that is designed to prevent unsafe temperatures.

3.6.6 safety switching device for limiting the pressure: Pressure actuated device that is designed to stop theoperation of the pressure generator.

3.6.6.1 pressure limiter: Device whichautomatically resets and is called PSH for high pressure protection and PSLfor low pressure protection.

3.6.6.2 pressure cut out: Device which is manually reset without the aid of a tool and is called PZH for highpressure protection and PZL for low pressure protection.

C) 3.6.6.3 safety pressure cut out: Device which is manually reset only with the aid of a tool and is called PZHH forhigh pressure protection and PZLL for low pressure protection.3.6.7 type tested safety switching device for limiting the pressure: Device which is type tested and designedto fail safe so that in the event of a defect or malfunction of the device the power supply will be interrupted.

3.6.8 changeover device: Valve controlling two safety devices and so arranged that only one can be madeinoperative at anyone time.

3.6.9 refrigerant detector: Sensing device which responds to a pre-set quantity of refrigerant gas in the environ-ment.

3.7 Fluids

3.7.1 refrigerant: Fluid used for heat transfer in a refrigerating system, which absorbs heat at a low temperatureand a low pressure and rejects heat at a higher temperature and a higher pressure usually involving changes of thestate of the fluid.

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3.7.2 heat-transfer medium: Fluid (e.g. brine, water, air) for the transmission of heat without any change in itsstate.

3.7.3 toxicity: Ability of a refrigerant to be hannful or lethal due to acute or chronic exposure by contact, inhalationor ingestion, .

NOTE: Temporary discomfort that does not impair health is not considered to be harmful.

3.7.4 lower flammability limit: Minimum concentration of refrigerant that is capable of propagating a flame withina homogeneous mixture of refrigerant and air.

3.7.5 fractionation: Change in composition of a refrigerant mixture by e.g. evaporation of the more volatilecomponent(s) or condensation of the less volatile component(s).

3.7.6 sudden major release: Release and vapourization of the majority of the total refrigerant charge in a shorttime, e.g. under 5 min.

3.7.7 short exposure time: Maximum time that humans can be exposed to a major release of refrigerant e.g. nomore than 10 min.

3.7.8 outside air: Air from outside the building.

3.7.9 halocarbon and hydrocarbon:

These are:

CFC: Fully-halogenated (no hydrogen remaining) halocarbon containing chlorine, fluorine and carbon;

HCFC: Halocarbon containing hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine and carbon;

HFC: Halocarbon containing only hydrogen, fluorine and carbon;

PFC: Halocarbon containing only fluorine and carbon;

HC: Hydrocarbon containing only hydrogenand carbon.

3.7.10 recover: Removing refrigerant in any condition from a system and store it in an extemal container.

3.7.11 recycle: Reducing contaminants in usedrefrigerantsby separating oil, removing noncondensibles and usingdevices such as filters, driers or filter-driers to reduce moisture, acidity and particulate malter.

3.7.12 reclaim: Processing used refrigerants to new product specifications.

NOTE: Chemical analysis of the refrigerantdetennines that appropriate specifications are met. The identifica-tion of contaminants and required chemicalanalysis both are specified in national and international standardsfor new product specifications.

3.7.13 disposal: Conveying a product to another party, usually for destruction.

EN 378-1 :2000

3.8 Miscellaneous

3.8.1 competence: Ability to perform satisfactorily the activities within an occupation.

3.8.2 comfort air' conditioning: Method of air treatment designed to satisfy the comfort requirements of theoccupants.

3.8.3 self-contained breathing apparatus: Breathing apparatus which has a portable supply of compressed air,independent of the ambient atmosphere,where exhaust air passes without recirculation to the ambient atmosphere.

3.8.4 vacuum procedure: Procedure to check the gas tightness of an uncharged system by drawinq a vacuum.

4 Basic requirements

4.1 General

o 4.1.1 Refrigerating systemsRefrigerating systems shall be designed, constructed, installed, operated, maintained and disposed of according tothis European Standard.

4.1.2 Refrigerants

Where refrigerants of different groups are used in a refrigerating system the requirements of each individual groupshall apply.

4.1.3 Discharge of refrigerants

Deliberate discharge of environmentally harmful refrigerants shall be avoided.

4.1.4 Selection of refrigerants

When selecting a refrigerant the potential influence on global warming and the depletion of ozone in the stratosphereshall be taken into account.

NOTE 1: A way of assessing global warming is using the concept of total equivalent warming impact (TEWI)that combines the direct contributionof refrigerant emissions into the atmosphere with the indirect contributionof the carbon dioxide emissions resulting from the energy required to operate the refrigerating system overits operational life, also see informative annex B.

NOTE 2: Emitted refrigerant can have global impact due to:

- global warming potential (GWP);

- ozone depletion potential (GOP).

4.2 Design, construction, materials

4.2.1 Components under pressure

All parts of the refrigerant circuit shall be designed and manufactured to remain leakproof and withstand the pressurewhich may occur during operation, standstill and transportation taking into account the thermal, physical andchemical stresses to be expected.

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4.2.2 Protection against excessive pressure

In refrigerating systems the pressure during normal operation, standstill and transportation shall not exceed themaximum allowable pressure of any component. Excessive intemal pressure from foreseeable causes shall beprevented or relieved with minimum practicable risk for persons, property and the environment, and if a pressurerelief device is discharging, the pressure on any component shall not exceed the allowable pressure by more than10 'Yo.

4.2.3 Indicating and measuring instruments (monitoring)

Refrigerating systems shall be equipped with the indicating and measuring instruments necessary for testing,operating and servicing as specified in this European standard.

4.2.4 Safeguarding against unauthorized actuation

Control and safety devices which should not be operated by unauthorized persons shall be safeguarded againstdeliberate or accidental actuation.

4.2.5 Refrigerant charge

Refrigerating systems shall be designed with due care for their local and global environment in such a way that eachrefrigerant chargeis kept as small as reasonablypracticable in a system which is as tight as reasonably practicable.

4.2.6 Loss of refrigerant

Refrigerating systems shall be so equippedwith devices necessary for testing, servlcinq, maintenance and recoveryof refrigerant and so construeled that even in the case of fire or leakage the loss or refrigerant is minimized.

4.2.7 Liquid slugging in compressors

Refrigerating systems shall be so designed and installed that liquid refrigerant or oil cannot return in excessivequantity to damage the compressor(s).

4.2.8 Liquid hammer in systems

Piping in refrigerating systems shall be so designed and installed that liquid hammer (hydraulic shock) cannotdamage the system.

4.2.9 Moving parts of machinery

Moving parts of machinery shall be guarded according to EN 2921, EN 292-2 and EN 294.

4.2.10 Noise

Compressors, fans, valves, equipment and ducts of refrigerating systems shall be so designed and constructed thatrisks resulting from the emission of airborne noise are reduced to the lowest practical level taking account oftechnical progress and the availability of means of reducing noise in particular at source.

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4.2.11 Vibration

Compressors, fans, valves, equipment and ducts of refrigerating systems shall be so designed and constructed thatrisks resuiting from vibration produced by the parts of the system are reduced to the lowest practical level takingaccount of technic~1 progress and the availability of means of reducing vibration in particular at source.

4.2.12 Contact with foodstuffs

Parts of refrigerating systems which are in contact or are intended to come into contact with foodstuffs (food orbeverages) shall be designed and constructed from suitable materials, the surfaces of which can be cleaned beforeeach use.

4.2.13 Energy consumption

Refrigerating sysiems shall be so designed and constructed that under ihe ioreseeabie operaiing conditions theenergy consumption is kept as low as reasonably practicable.

4.3 Installation, commissioning

4.3.1 Installation in relation to occupancies

Refrigerants and refrigerating systems shall be selected, instailed and utilized with regard to the categories ofoccupancy and operated so that persons are not endangered. if national regulations do not exist, iniormativeannex C should be used.

4.3.2 Special machinery rooms

In some cases special machinery rooms shall be provided for accommodating parts of refrigerating systems,especially those of the high pressure side, and the compressors, for reasons of safety.

NOTE: Housings kept tight and vented may also serve as special machinery rooms.

4.3.3 Cold rooms

Cold rooms shall be equipped or so constructed that trapped persons can escape. if national regulations do notexist, informative annex D should be used.

4.3.4 Discharge of refrigerant

Discharge of refrigerant into the atmosphere shail be minimized. Discharges of refrigerant that cannot be avoidedshall take place so that persons are not endangered.

4.3.5 Protection devices, piping and fittings

Protection devices, piping and fittings shall be protected as far as possible against adverse climatic effects and theaccumulation of dirt or debris.

4.3.6 Electrical installation

The design, construction, installation, testing and use of electrical equipment shall be in accordance with theappropriate European standards, e.g. EN 602041, EN 60335-1, prEN 60335224:1997, EN 60335234,EN 60335240.

EN 378-1 :2000

4.3.7 Flammable refrigerants

Rooms which contain any part of a refrigerating system with a flammable refrigerant, except ammonia or up to alimited quantity of another flammable refrigerant, shall comply with the requirements for a "potentially expiosiveatmosphere".

4.3.8 Fire extinguishing equipment

Rre extinguishing equipment shall be readily availableand appropriate, in particular, to the size of the refrigeratingsystem, the refrigerant, the heat-transfer medium, the insulation and the conditions of the site.

4.4 Testing, marking

4.4.1 Tests (in respect to safety and environmental protection)

4.4.1.1 Before putting into service any refrigerating system, all t~e components or the whole refrigeiating systemshall undergo the following tests:

a) strength pressure test;

() b) leakage test;c) functional test of safety devices;

d) test of the complete installation before putting it into operation.

4.4.1.2 Relevant safety accessories shall be tested regularly.

4.4.1.3 The results of the tests shall be recorded.

4.4.2 Marking

4.4.2.1 Every refrigerating system and its main components shall be identifiable by marking. This marking shallalways be visible.

C] 4.4.2.2 Shut-off devices and main control devices shall be suitably marked if it is not obvious what they control.4.5 Operation, maintenance, repair, personal protective equipment

4.5.1 Operational instructions

4.5.1.1 For refrigerating systems operational instructions shall be prepared giving directions for the operation andservicing of the system, including precautions to be observed in case of breakdown or leakage.

4.5.1.2 The manufacturer or installer shall suppiy instruction manuals or leaflets and shall also provide safetyinstructions written in one of the languages of the country in which the refrigerating system is to be used.

For refrigerating systems which are used for transportpurposes in several countries, such instructions shall be in anappropriate official language and may be repeated in one or more other ianguages.

()

Page 16EN 378-1:2000

4.5.2 Maintenance, repair

4.5.2.1 Refrigerating systems shall be maintained and repaired only by competent persons (see 4.6).

4.5.2.2 Personnerin charge shall have knowledge and experience of the mode of functioning, use and day to daymonitoring of the whole refrigerating system.

4.5.3 Personal protective equipment

Personal protective equipment appropriate to the quantity and type of refrigerant shall be readily available.

4.6 Competence

4.5.1 Training and knowledge

Persons, who are responsible for design, construction, installation, inspection, testing, operation, maintenance,repair, disposal and assessment of refrigerating systems and their parts shall have the necessary training andknowledge for their task to achieve competence.

4.6.2 Competence in different tasks

Competence in each task shall be required for health, safety, environmental protection and energy conservationpurposes.

4.7 Recovery, reuse, disposal

All parts of refrigerating systems, e.g. refrigerant, oil, heat-transfer medium, filter, drier, insulating material, shall berecovered, reused and/or disposed of properly in connection with maintenance, repair and scrapping.

5 Classification

5.1 General

5.1.1 Refrigerating systems

Refrigerating systems are classified as shown in table 1 according to the method of extracting heat from (cooling)or adding heat to (heating) the atmosphere or substance to be treated.

5.1.2 Occupancies

Occupancies are classified in respect to the safety of the persons, who may be directly affected in case of abnormaloperation of the refrigerating system.

5.1.3 Refrigerants

Refrigerants are classified into groups according to their influence on health and safety.

(---..)\..J o

Table 1: Types of cooling and heating systems

Denoml- coo Ing systems Healing systemsSubclausenation substance I Hemgerallng I suostanceNoles 10 be cooled system Heat pump to be healed Notes

5.2.1 Direct Evaporator In direct Condenser in directSystem communication with ~ cornmunlcauon withthe substance 10 be the substance to becooled. heated.

Evaporator Condensor

5.2.2.2 Indirect Evaporator cools a ~----~ ~----~ Condenser heals aOpen heat-transfer medium o---~~' heat-transfer mediumSystem which is brought into ~-i---E1 which Is brought Intodirect communication direct communicationwith the substance 10 wilh Ihe subslance tobe cooled. be heated.


5.2.2.3 Indirect Similar 10 5.2.2.2 but vented vented Similar 10 5.2.2.2 butVented with openor venled

....-.-'---, i!lf~~ with open or ventedOpen tank. I I tank.System ~T--taEvaporator Condensor

5.2.2.4 Indirect Evaporator cools a Evaporator Condensor Condenser heats aClosed heat-transfer medium heat-transfer mediumSystem which passes through which passes

a closed circuit In ._--~----~ ~-'---I'-- through a closeddirect communication-'--'/ g j

(- I'-.J. .:

Table 1: (concluded)

Denoml- ....00 log systems neallng systemsSubclausenatlon Noles suustance I Hemgerallng Heal pump I :;UOSlance Nolesto be cooled system 10be healed

5.2.2.5 Indirect Similar10 5.2.2.4 bul :::.::t---. g----j::::: Similar to 5.2.2,4 butVented withopenor vented ._--, ,---.. with open or ventedClosed lank. ,- --, '---, tank.System

-----j----o 1--'-1-----


5.2.2.6 Double A combination of ~--g-~ ~lRl"~ A combination atIndIrect 5.2.2.2 and 5.2.2.4 I ,---- '---. I 5.2.2.2 and 5.2.2.4:::) ---_.ISystem where cooled heat- ~-t1 L __ . n. fJ '==:, o-l-::r-' where heatedheat-

transfer medium transfer mediumpasses through passes throughsecond heat Evaporator Condensor second heatexchanger. exchanger.

Pipework containing refrigerant

Pipework containing heat-transfer medium' - - - -

m-uz~WID

,,~'Pro

~

i

C)

Page 13EN 378-1 :2000

5.2 Classification of refrigerating systems

5.2.1 Direct system

The evaporator or condenser of the refrigerating system is in direct communication with the substance to be cooledor heated. .

5.2.2 Indirect systems

5.2.2.1 General

The evaporator or condenser of the refrigerating system. located extemally to the space where the heat is extractedfrom or delivered to the substance to be treated, cools or heats a heat-transfer medium which is circulated to coolor heat the substance.

5.2.2.2 Indirect open system

The evaporator cools or the condenser heats the heat-transfer medium which is brought into direct communicationwith the substance to be treated e.g. by sprays or similar means.

5.2.2.3 Indirect vented open system

This system is similar to that of 5.2.2.2 except that the evaporator or condenser is placed in an open or vented tank.

5.2.2.4 Indirect closed system

The evaporator cools or the condenser heats the heat-transfer medium which passes through a closed circuit indirect communication with the substance to be treated.

5.2.2.5 Indirect vented closed system

This system is similar to that of 5.2.2.4 except that the evaporator or condenser is placed in an open or vented tank.

5.2.2.6 Double indirect system

This system is similar to that of 5.2.2.2 except that the heat-transfer medium passes through a second heatexchanger located extemally to the space as described in 5.2.2.4 and cools or heats a second heat-transfer mediumfluid which is brought into direct communication with the substance to be treated e.g. by sprays or similar means.

5.3 Classification of occupancies

5.3.1 General

Considerations of safety in refrigerating systems take into account the site, the number of people occupying the siteand the categories of occupancy.

The occupancies are classified into three categories, given in table 2, which refer to all those areas where anInstallation would affect safety.

()

Page 20EN 378-1:2000

Table 2: Categories of occupancy

Categories General characteristics Examples'). Rooms, parts of buildings, bulding where Hospitals, courts or prisons, theatres, super-

markets, schools, lecture halls, public trans-- people may sleep; port termini, hotels, dwellings, restaurants.

- people are restricted in their movement;A -

- an uncontrolled number of people arepresent O'r to which any person hasaccess without being personallyacquainted with the necessary safetyprecautions.

Rooms, parts of buildings, buiidings where Business or professional offices, laboratories,only a limited number of people may be places for general manufacturing and where

B assembled, some being necessarily people work.acquainted with the general safetyprecautions of the establishment.

Rooms, parts of buildings, buildings where Manufacturing facilities, e.g. for chemicals,only authorized persons have access, who food, beverage, ice, Ice-cream, refineries,

C are acquainted with general and special cold stores, dairies, abattoirs, non-publicsafety precautions of the establishment and areas in supermarkets.where rnanutactunnq, processing or storageof material or products take place.

') The list of examples is not exhaustive.

5.3.2 More than one category of occupancy

Where there is the possibility of more than one category of occupancy, the more stringent requirements apply. Ifoccupancies are isolated, e.g. by sealed partitions, floors and ceilings, in which case the requirements of theindividual category of occupancy apply.

NOTE: Attention is drawn to the safety of adjacent premises and occupants in areas adjacent to a refrigera-ting system. Refrigerants heavier than air can cause oxygen deficient pockets at low levei (see molar massin the informative annex E).

5.4 Classification of refrigerants

5.4.1 General

Refrigerants are classified into groups according to their influence on health and safety.

NOTE: The classification of some refrigerants is listed in the informative annex E. The classification ofrefrigerants as defined in Directive 97/23/EC is listed in the European standard on "Pressure equipment forrefrigerating systems and heat pumps - Part 1: Vessels - General requirements" which is in preparation, seeinformative annex G.

5.4.2 Health and safety classification

Refrigerants are classified ac~ording to their flammability and toxicity.

iEN 378-1:2000

5.4.2.1 Flammability classification

Refrigerants shall be assigned to one of the three groups 1, 2 and 3 based on the lower flammability limit atatmospheric pressure and room temperature:

- group 1: Refrigerants which are not flammable in vapour fomn at any concentration in air;

- group 2: Refrigerants whose lower flammability limit is equal to or greater than 3,5 % VN when they fomn amixture with air,

- group 3: Refrigerants whose lower flammability limit is less than 3,5 % VN when they fomn a mixture with air.

NOTE: The lower flammability limits are detenmined in accordance with an appropriate standard e.g.ANSI/ASTM E 681. .

5.4.2.2 Toxicity classification

Refrigerants shall be assigned to one of the two groups A and B based on toxicity:

- group A: Refrigerants with a time weighted average concentration not having an adverse effect on nearly allworkers who may be exposed to it day after day for a normal a-hour workday and a 40-hour workweek whoseC) value is equal to or above 400 ml/m3 (400 ppm (VN;- group B: Refrigerants with a time weighted average concentration not having an adverse effect on neariy allworkers who may be exposed to it day after day for a normal a-hour workday and a 40-hour workweek whosevalue Is below 400 mllm3 (400 ppm (VN)).

NOTE: Toxic decomposition products may result from contact with flames or hot surfaces under certainconditions. Major decomposition products of group L1 (A1) refrigerants, with the exception of carbon dioxide,are hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid. Although toxic, they provide an automatic and definite warning bytheir exceedingly irritant smell even at low concentrations.

EN 378-1 :2000

5.4.2.3 Safety groups

Refrigerants are assigned to safety groups as shown in table 3.

Table 3: Safety groups as determined by flammability and toxicitySafety group

gtoxicityItoxicity

Higher A3 83flammability

Lower A2 82flammability

No flame A1 81propagation

Lower Hi her

~:0ttlE

'EJgiC>c:'(j;ttll!!o.E

C)->

Increasing toxicity

For the purpose of this standard a simplified grouping is made as follows:

L1 = A1;l2 = A2, 81, 82;L3 = A3,83.

The refrigerant shall be classified in that group requiring the more stringent precautions where there is doubt underwhich group a refrigerant is to be classified.

5.4.2.4 Health and safety classification of refrigerant mixtures (blends)

Refrigerant mixtures, whose flammability and/or toxicity characteristics may change as the composition changesduring fractionation, shall be assigned a dual safety group classification separated by a slash (I). The first classifica-tion listed shall be the classification of the fonmulated composition of the mixture. The second classification listedshall be the classification of the mixture composition at the "worst case of fractionation". Each characteristic shall beconsidered independently.

(~J Each of the two classifications shall be detenmined according to the same criteria as a single-component refrigerant..--/

For toxlcity, "worst case of fractionation" shall be defined as the composition that results in the highest concentrationof the component(s) in the vapour or liquid phase. The toxicity of a specific mixture composition shall be determinedon the basis of the single components.

NOTE 1: Since fractionation can occur as the result of a refrigerating system leak, the composition of themixture remaining in the refrigerating system and the composition of the mixture leaking from the refrigeratingsystem should be consideredwhen detenmining the "worst case of fractionation". The "worst case of fractiona-tion" can be either the formulated composition or a composition that occurs during fractionation.

NOTE 2: The "worst case of fractionation" for toxicity might not be the same as the "worst case offractionation" for flammability.

5.4.2.5 Practical limits

Practical limits shall be as required by national reguiations. If national regulations do not exist, informative annex Eshould be used.

()

Page 23EN 3781 :2000

6 Selection of refrigerants

6.1 Refrigerants shall be selected with due regard to their potential influence on the global environment as well astheir possible effects on the local environment and their suitability as refrigerants for the particular system, seeinformative annex F.

The influence of a refrigerant on the global environment is a function of the application and the leak tightness of thesystem, the type of system, the refrigerant charge, the handling of the refrigerant and the potential of the refrigerantto create or add to hazands to the environment.

6.2 Refrigerants shall be selected with as Iowan OOP as is reasonably practicable. Refrigerants shall be selectedsuch that their possible Impact on health and safety (toxicity/flammability) are minimized.

NOTE: For refrigerants OOP values are determined according to their global environmental influence inrespect to their ozone depletion potentialwhichare indicated in the informative annex E. The OOP values arerelative to R11.

6.3 Refrigerants shall be selected with as Iowa GWP as is reasonably practicable whilst at the same time givinga good energy efficiency.

NOTE: For refrigerants GWP values are determined according to their global environmental influence inrespect to their global warming potential whichare indicated in the informative annex E. The GWP values arerelative to carbon dioxide (C02) and to a time horizon of 100years.

6.4 Refrigerants shall be selected which give good energy efficiency for the system.

6.5 If it is necessary to use refrigerants with an OOP or a GWP greater than zero (0), the charge shall beminimized.

6.6 If global warming is the only environmental effect,energy efficiency shall be given preference over low charge,if both requirements cannot be fulfilled simultaneously.

NOTE 1: Be aware that low charges could affectthe energy efficiency thus contributing indirectly to the globalwarming.

NOTE 2: Indirect systems reduce the charge of refrigerants and should provide a more leakresistent system,however, the energy efficiency may be lower than with direct systems.

6.7 The system shall be designed and installed to remain leakproof (as tight as possible).

Particular attention shall be paid to the following factors affecting the tightness of the system:

- type of compressor;

- type of joints;

- type of valves.

NOTE 1: Where it is technically possible a hermetic compressor should be chosen.

NOTE 2: Welding and brazing are preferred to flanged, screwed or other similar joints.

NOTE 3: Capped valves are preferred.

NOTE 4: Factory-made systems are usually more tight than site erected systems.

(J""

Page 24EN 378-1:2000

6.8 Refrigerants shall be selected with due regard to the ease of their subsequent reuse or disposal.

7 Selection of cooling or heating systems

7.1 General

If a cooling or heating system is to be installed. the refrigerant and the type of refrigerating system shall be selectedand applied with regard to the category of occupancy specified in table 2.

When refrigerating systems are to be installed in locations adjacent to occupancies categorised in table 2 due regardshall also be paid to the safety of'the adjacent locations and their occupants.

For each category of occupancy. certain systems and certain locations of refrigerating equipment and piping incombination with certain refrigerants shall be either prohibited or subjected to restriction or permitted withoutrestriction of refrigerant charge.

7.2 location of cooling or heating systems

The location of cooling or heating systems shall be as required by national regulations. If national regUlations do notexist. informative annex C shouid be used.

7.3 Skating rinks

7.3.1 General

Halocarbon refrigerants with an ODP greater than 0 shall not be used for direct systems in skating rinks, seeinformative annex E.

7.3.2 Indoor skating rinks

Indoor skating rinks shall comply with 5.3.1 where an adequate, reinforced. tightly sealed concrete floor separatesthe refrigerating system from the public area. If direct systems with group L2 refrigerant are used. refrigerantreceivers shall be provided which can hold the total refrigerant charge. In all cases there shall be adequate meansof escape in an emergency.

("', 7.3.3 Outdoor skating rinks and installations for similar sporting activities,~.)Outdoor skating rinks shall comply with 5.3.2. All refrigerating equipment, piping and fittings shall be fully protectedagainst unauthorized interference and so arranged that they are accessible for inspection. There shall be adequatemeans of escape in an emergency. Refrigerant receivers shall be provided as in 7.3.2.

EN 378-1:2000

Annex A (informative)

Equivalent terms in English, French and German

Index Repertoire Verzeichnis Clauseof the terms des termes deflnis der in der Normdellned in the standard dans la norme definierten Benennungen number

absorption or adsorption systems 11 absorption ou a Absorptions- oder 3.1.5system adsorption Adsorptionsanlage

accessible hermetic [semi- motocompresseur hermeflque Halbhermetischer Motorver- 3.4.4.2hermetic] motor compressor accessible dichterair lock sas Luftschleuse 3.2.3

block [companion] valves robinets-vannes [ou contre- Trenn-[Verbindungs-]arma- 3.5.12robinets] de sectionnement turen

brazed joint joint brase fort Hartl6tverbindung 3.5.4bursting disc disque de rupture Berstscheibe 3.6.3

() canned rotor motorcompres- motocompresseur 11 rotor Spaltrohr-Motorverdichter 3.4.4.3sor chemisechangeover device inverseur Wechselventil 3.6.8

closed system systeme ferma Geschlossene Anlage 3.1.7

coil serpentin Rohrschlange 3.4.12

cold room enceinte refrigeree Kiihlraum 3.2.8

comfort air conditioning conditionnement de I'air de Behaglichkeitsluft- 3.8.2confort konditionierung

companion [block] valves contre-robinets lou robinets- Verbindungs-[Trenn-]armatur 3.5.12vannes] de sectionnement

competence competence Sachkunde 3.8.1

compressor compresseur Verdichter 3.4.3

compressor unit groupe compresseur Verdichtersatz 3.4.14

condenser condenseur Verfhisslqer 3.4.9

.J condensing unit groupe de condensation VerflUssigungssatz 3.4.15design pressure pression de conception Konstruktionsdruck 3.3.3

direct communication communication directe Direkte Verbindung 3.2.9

disposal mise au rebut Entsorgung 3.7.13

evaporating unit groupe evaporateur Verdampfersatz 3.4.16

evaporator evaporateur Verdampfer 3.4.11

exit sortie Ausgang 3.2.6

exit passageway passage de sortie Ausgangskorridor 3.2.7

flanged joint joint 11 bride Ranschverbindung 3.5.6tiared joint joint evase B6rdelverbindung 3.5.7fractionation fractionnement Fraklionierung 3.7.5

EN 378-1 :2000

Index Repertoire Verzeichnis Clauseof the terms des termes definis der in der Normdefined in the standard dans la norme definierten Benennungen number

fusible piug bouchon fusible Schmelzpropfen 3.6.4gauge pressure pression ellective Uberdruck 3.3.1

grid batterie Rohrregister 3.4.13

hallway corridor Durchgang 3.2.5halocarbonlhydrocarbon halocarbure/hydrocarbure Halogenkohlenwasserstolll 3.7.9

Kohlenwasserstoff

header collecteur Sammel- und VerteilstOck 3.5.10

heat pump [refrigerating pompe a chaleur [systerne de Warmepumpe [Kalteanlage] 3.1.1system] refrigeration1heat-transfer medium fluide caloporteur Warmetrager 3.7.2

hermetic motorcompressor motocompresseur herrnetique Hermetischer Motorverdichter 3.4.4.1

() high pressure side cote haute pression Hochdruckseite 3.1.9human occupied space espace occupe par des Personen-Aufenthaltsbereich 3.2.2

personnes

hydrocarbonlhalocarbon hydrocarbure!halocarbure KohlenwasserstofflHalogen- 3.7.9kohlenwasserstoff

intemal gross volume volume inteme brut Bruttoinhalt 3.4.18

intemal net volume volume inteme net Nettoinhalt 3.4.19

joint joint Verbindung 3.5.2leakage test pressure pression de I'essai de fuite Dichtheits-PrOfdruck 3.3.5

limited charge system systems a charge llrnitee Anlage mit begrenzter FOII- 3.1.4menge

liquid receiver reservoir de Iiquide FIOssigkeitssammler 3.4.10

lobby hall d'entree vornaue 3.2.4

f) low pressure side cote basse pression Niederdruckseite 3.1.10,__ I

lower flammability limit limite interieure Untere Explosionsgrenze 3.7.4d'inflammabilite

maximun allowable pressure pression maximale Maximal zulassiqer Druck 3.3.2admissible

maximum declared pressure pression maximale declares H6chster angegebener Druck 3.3.6

mobile system systems mobile Ortsveranderliche Anlage; 3.1.11Kalteanlage

motorcompressor motocompresseur Motorverdichter 3.4.4

non-positive displacement compresseur non volu- Str6mungsverdichter 3.4.7compressor rnetrlque

open air air libre 1m Freien 3.2.10

open compressor compresseur ouver! Ollener Verdichter 3.4.5

outside air air exterieur AuBenluft 3.7.8

piping tuyauterie Rohrleitung 3.5.1

EN 378-1 :2000

Index Repertoire Verzeichnls Clauseof the terms des termes definis der in der Normnumberdefined in the standard dans la norme definierten Benennungen

positive displacement compresseur volumetrique Verdrangerverdichler 3.4.6compressor

pressure cut out pressoslat a reenclencharn- Druckbegrenzer 3.6.6.2ent manuel sans outil

pressure limiter limiteur de pression Druckwachtar 3.6.6.1

pressure relief device dispositif de surpression Druckentlastungseinrichtung 3.6.1

pressure relief valve soupape de securite Druckentlastungsventil 3.6.2

pressure vessel reservoir apression Druckhehalter 3.4.8

qulck closing valve robinet a fermeture rapide Schnel/schluBventii 3.5.13

reclaim regeneration Wiederaufbereitung 3.7.12

recover recuperation Ruckgewinnung 3.7.10

C) recycle recyclage Recycling 3.7.11refrigerant fluide frigorigeme Kaltemittel 3.7.1

refrigerant detector detecteur de fluide frigorigene Kallemitteldetektor 3.6.9

refrigerating equipment composants frigorifiques Kaltetechnische Kornpo- 3.4.2nenten

refrigerating installation installation de refrigeration Kaltetechnische Einrichtung 3.4.1

refrigerating system [heat systerne de refrigeration Kalteanlage [Warmepumpe] 3.1.1pump] [pompe a chaleur]safety pressure cut out pressoslat de secunte Sicherheitsdruckbegrenzer 3.6.6.3

safety switching device for dispositif de sacurite de lirni- Sicherheitsschalteinrichtung 3.6.6limiting the pressure tation de la pression zur Druckbegrenzung

screwed joint joint vlssa Schraubverbindung 3.5.8sealed system systems scelle Dauerhafl geschlossene 3.1.8) Anlage

' . ../

secondary cooling or heating systerne secondaire de Indirektes KOhl- oder Heiz- 3.1.6system refroidissement ou de system

chauffage

self-contained breathing appareil respiratoire Unabhanqiqes Aternschutz- 3.8.3apparatus gerat (Isollerqerat)self-contained system systems autonome Kaltesatz 3.1.2

semihermetic [accessible motocompresseur hermefique Halbhermetischer Motorver- 3.4.4.2hermetic] motorcompressor accessible dichtershort exposure lime temps d'exposition maximal Kurzzeitexposition 3.7.7

shut-off device dispositif d'arret Absperreinrichtung 3.5.11

soldered joint joint brass tenore Weichl6tverbindung 3.5.5special machinery room salle des machines spectate Besonderer Maschinenraum 3.2.1

EN 378-1:2000

Index Repertoire Verzeichnis Clauseof the terms des termes definis der in der Normdefined in the standard dans la norme definierten Benennungen number

strength test pressure pression de I'essai de Festiqkeits-Prufdruck 3.3.4resistance

sudden major release emission majeure PI6tziiche gr6Bere Frei- 3.7.6soudaine setzung

surge drum reservoir-tampon Abscheider 3.4.17

taper pipe thread end joint mete conique Rohrende mit konischem 3.5.9Gewinde

temperature iimiting device dispositif de iimitation de la Temperaturbegrenzungsein- 3.6.5temperature richtung

toxicity toxiclta Giftigkeit 3.7.3

type tested safety switching dispositif de securite de Baumustergepriifte 3.6.7

() device for iimiting the llrnltatlon de pression ayant Sicherheitsgehalteinrichtungpressure subi un essai de type zur Druckbegrenzungultimate strength of a system resistance ultime d'un Bruchfestigkeit einer Anlage 3.3.7

systerne

unit system systems monobloc Betriebsfertiger Kaltesatz 3.1.3

vacuum procedure tirage au vide Vakuumverfahren 3.8.4

welded joint joint soude SchweiBverbindung 3.5.3

f[co, /

Indirect effect

:)

Page 29EN 378-1 :2000

Annex B (informative)

Total equivalent warming impact (TEWI)

The total equivalent warming impact rrEWI) is a way of assessing global warming by combining the directcontribution of refrigerant emissions into the atmosphere with the indireat contribution of the carbon dioxideemissions resulting from the energy required to operate the refrigerating system over its operational life.

TEWI is designed to calculate the total global wanning contribution of the refrigeration process in use. It measuresboth the direct global warming effect of the refrigerant, if emitted, and the indirect contribution of the energy requiredto power the unit over its normal operational life. It is only valid for comparing alternative systems or refrigerantoptions for one application in one location.

For a given system TEWI includes:

- the direct global warming effect under certain conditions of refrigerant loss;

- the direct giobai warming effect of greenhousegasesemitted from insulation or other components, if applicable;

- the indirect global warming effect from the CO, emitted during generation of the power to run the system.

Direct effect(refngerant and insulation)r--+-H~.L....,

Figure B.1: Refrigerating system

It is possible to identify the most effective means to reduce the actual global warming impact of a refrigeratingsystem by using TEWI. The main options are:

- design/selection of the most suitable refrigerating system - and refrigerant - to meet the demand of a specificcooling application;

- optimisation of the system for best energy efficiency (the best combination.and arrangement of componentsand system use to reduce energy consumption);

- proper maintenance to sustain optimum energyperformance and to avoid refrigerant leaks (e.g. all systems willbe further improved with correct maintenance and operation);

- recovery and recylinglreclaim of used refrigerant;

- recovery and recylinglreclaim of used insulation.

NOTE: Energy efficiency is therefore a far more significant target for reducing global warming from refrigera-tion. In many cases, a very efficient refrigerating system with a refrigerant which has a global warmingpotential may be better for the environment than an inefficient refrigerating system with a low GWP-refrigerantwhich increases energy consumption. All the more so if emissions are minimised: no leaks mean no directglobal warming.

EN 378-1 :2000

TEWI is calculated relative to a particular refrigerating system and not only to the refrigerant itself. It varies from onesystem to another and depends on assumptions made relative to important factors like operating time, service life,conversion factor and efficiency. For a given system or application, the most effective use of TEWI is made bydetermining the relative importance of the direct and indirect effects.

For instance, where the refrigerating system is only an element of a larger system, such as in a secondarycircuiVsystem (e.g. central station air conditioning) then the total energy consumption in use (including the standingand distribution losses of the air conditioning system) has to be taken into account in arriving at a satisfactorycomparison of the total equivalent warming impact.

The TEWI factor can be calculated by the following formula where the various areas of impact are correspondinglyseparated.

TEWI = [GWPxLxn]+[GWPxm(l-CL=..,)]+[nxE'M"lxl3]GWPxLxn = impact of leakage losses

GWPxm(l -CL,..,.,.,) = impact of recovery losses

nXE,.,.xl3 = impact of energy consumption

C) where:

)fj direct GWP

indirect GWP

TEWI is the total equivalent warming impact, in kilogrammes of CO2 ;

GWP is the global warming potential, CO2-related;

L is the leakage, in kilogrammes per year,

n is the system operating time, in years;

m is the refrigerant charge, in kilogrammes;

a,.,....,. is the recovery/recycling factor, a to 1;

E,,"",I is the energy consumption, in kilowatt-hour per year;

13 is the CO,-emission, in kilogrammes per kilowatt-hour.

NOTE 1: This global warming potential is rated In comparison to CO2 and it is based on an agreed timehorizon of 100 years. GWP-values for different refrigerants, see informative annex E.

NOTE 2: The conversion factor 13 gives the quantity of CO, produced by the generation of 1 kWh.

When greenhouse gases may be emitted by insulation or other components the global warming potential of suchgases is to be added:

GWP; xm;(l - CL;}

where

GWP; is the global warming potential of gas in the insulation, CO2-related;

is the gas charge in the insulation system, in kilogrammes;

is the rate of gas recovered from the insulation at the end of life, from 0 to 1;

EN 378-1 :2000

Important

When calculating TEWI it is very important to update GWP CO2related and CO2-emission per kilowatt - hour fromthe latest figures.

Many of the assumptions and factors in this calculation method are usually specific to an application in a particulariocation.

Comparisons (of results from) between different applications or different locations are therefore unlikely to havemuch validity,

This caiculation is of particular importance at the design stage or when a retrofit decision is to be made.

EXAMPLE:Comparison of two different refrigerant charges in a medium temperature system with HR 134-a having a capacityof 13,5 kW and operating with an evaporating temperature of -10 C and a condensing temperature of +40 C. Theieakage is assumed to be 8 % of the charge per year. The other characteristics are as follows:

m 10 kg or 25kg a~C(lYI:f)' 0,75

L 0,8 kg/year or 2,0 kg/year n 15 yearsCj 5 kWx5 000 h/year 1 300 (C0 2 = t)". E,nnuu GWP

[time horizon 100 years]~ 0,6 kg C0,lkWh

E = Impact of.. energy consumption

Rl = Impact ofrecoverylosses

II = Impact ofleakagelosses

l

D-.

.

'-

EE

r-

.

-VR

vRIII[ I

200

30

100

()'.

10 kg 25 kg

Refrtgerant charge m

Figure 8.2: Comparison of two TEWI figures (Example)

EN 378-1:2000

Annex C (informative)

Location of refrigerating systems

C.1 General .

There are three types of location for refrigerating systems. The appropriate location shall be selected in accordancewith this European Standard which takes account of possible hazards.

The three types of location are:

a) a refrigerating system located in a human occupied space which is not a special machinery room;b) a refrigerating system with the high pressure side (except air cooled condensers) located in a specialmachinery room (see EN 378-3) or in the open air;

c) a refrigerating system with all refrigerant containing parts located in a special machinery room (see EN 378-3)or in the open air.

NOTE 1: Some heat pumps/air conditioners operate for either heating and cooling by reversing the flow fromthe compressor to the heat exchangers by means of a special reversing valve. In these cases the high andlow pressure sides of the system can change depending on the mode of the unit.

Refrigerating systems or parts of systems shall not be installed in or on stairways, landings, entrances or exits usedby the public, if free passage is thereby limited.

NOTE 2: Table C.1 shows whether combinations are permitted or not. Combinations which are permitted butsubject to restrictions are indicated by the number(s) of the clause(s) or subclause(s) specifying the restrictionof refrigerant charge.

The maximum charge of refrigerant in the refrigerating system shall comply with the requirements in C.2 (see alsotable C.1).

C.2 Maximum charge of refrigerant

C.2.1 Group L1 refrigerants

C.2.1.1 General

EN 378-1 :2000

NOTE 2: If the space has a mechanical ventilation system which will be operating during the occupation ofthe space, the effect of the air change may be considered in calculating the volume.

NOTE 3: Other methods of ensuring safety in the event of a sudden major release of refrigerant arepermitted. Such methods should ensure that the concentrations will not rise above the practical limits givenin the Infomriative annex E arlo give adequate waming to occupant(s) in the space of such a rise so that theymay avoid excess exposure time. The alternative method should demonstrate a level of safety at leastequivalent to the method described in a).

b) occupancies where people may be restricted in their movement and in which open fiames or similar hotsurfaces are present shall always be sufficiently vented because of possible danger from decomposition products.If this is not done, direct and indirect open systems shall not be used.

C.2.1.2.2 A refrigerating system with the high pressure side (except air cooled condensers) located in a speciaimachinery room or in the open air shall meet the following requirements:

a) for direct and indirect opensystems (see table 1) the restriction of refrigerant charge ofC.2.1.2.1 shall appiy:b) for indirect vented open, indirect closed, indirect vented closed and double indirect systems (see table 1) thereis no restriction of refrigerant charge.

C.2.1.2.3 A refrigerating system with all refrigerant containing parts located in a special machinery room or in theopen air has no restriction of refrigerant charge.

C.2.1.3 Occupancy category B

C.2.1.3.1 A refrigerating system located in a human occupied space which is not a special machinery room has norestriction of refrigerant charge except that the use of such systems below ground or on upper floors withoutadequate emergency exits shall meet the same restriction of refrigerant charge as for occupancy category A (seeC.2.1.2.1).

C.2.1.3.2 A refrigerating system with the high pressure side (except air cooled condensers) located in a specialmachinery room or in the open air or with all refrigerant containing parts located in a special machinery room or inthe open air has no restriction of refrigerant charge.

C.2.1.4 Occupancy category C

C.2.1.4.1 A refrigerating system located in a human occupied space which is not a special machinery room has norestriction of refrigerant charge except that, where direct or indirect open systems are used below ground or onupper floors without adequate emergency exits, taking into account the number of persons normally present, therefrigerating system shall meet the same restriction of refrigerant charge as for occupancy category A (seeC.2.t .2.1).

C.2.1.4.2 A refrigerating system with the high pressure side (except air cooled condensers) located in a specialmachinery room or in the open air or with all refrigerant containing parts located in a special machinery room or inthe open air has no restriction of refrigerant charge.


C.2.2.1 General

In general, group L2 refrigerants shall not be permitted in direct, indirect open or indirect vented open systems forair conditioning or heating for human comfort, If people are restricted in their movement.

EN 378-1 :2000

C.2.2.2 Occupancy category A

C.2.2.2.1 A refrigerating system located in a human occupied space which is not a special machinery room or withthe high pressure side (except air cooled condensers) located in a special machinery room or in the open air shallbe a sealed system and for compression systems the refrigerant charge shall not exceed the amount derived fromthe practical limits 'given in the informative annex E and the volume of the space. For sealed sorption systems therefrigerant charge shall not exceed 2,5 kg.

C.2.2.2.2 A refrigerating system with all refrigerant containing parts located in a special machinery room or in theopen air shall meet the following requirements:

a) for direct, indirect open and indirect vented open systemsthe refrigerant charge of a refrigerating system shallnot exceed 2,5 kg;

b) for indirect closed, indirect vented closed and double indirect systems which do not have a direct communica-tion to rooms of category A and ....Jhich have an exit into U'8 open air there is no restriction of the refrigerantcharge.

i-I C.2.2.3 Occupancy category 8

EN 378-1 :2000

C.2.2.4.3 For a refrigerating system with all refrigerant containing parts located in a special machinery room or inthe open air there is no restriction of refrigerant charge.


C.2.3.l General

In general, group L3 refrigerants are highly flammable and explosive. Direct, Indirect open and indirect vented opensystems shall not be permitted for air conditioning and heating for human comfort.

C.2.3.2 Occupancy category A .

C.2.3.2.l A refrigerating system not located in a special machinery room or in the open air shall be sealed systemwith a refrigerant charge calculated from the practical limits given in the informative annex E up to a maximum of1,5 kg provided there are no sources of ignition associated with the refrigerating system.


C) a) above ground the refrigerant charge shall be calculated from the practical limits given in the informativeannex E up to a maximum of 5,0 kg;

b) below ground the refrigerant charge shall be calculated from the practical limits given in the informativeannex E up to a maximum of 1,0 kg.

C.2.3.3 Occupancy category B

C.2.3.3.l A refrigerating system located in a human occupied spacewhich is not a special machinery room or withthe high pressure side (except air cooled condensers) located in a special machinery room or in the open air shallmeet the following requirements:

a) above ground the refrigerant charge shall be calculated from the practical limits given in the informativeannex E up to a maximum of 2,5 kg;

b) below ground the refrigerant charge shall be calculated from the practical limits given in the informativeannex E up to a maximum of 1,0 kg.

C.2.3.3.2 A refrigerating system with all refrigerant containing parts located in a special machinery room shall meetthe following requirements:

a) above ground the refrigerant charge shall not exceed 10,0 kg;

b) below ground the refrigerant charge shall not exceed 1,0 kg.

C.2.3A Occupancy category C

C.2.3A.l A refrigerating system located in a human occupied space which is not a special machinery room shallmeet the following requirements:

a) above ground the refrigerant charge shall not exceed 10.0 kg;-----b)-betow-groonrJ1tTe-Tefrigerant-ch"arge shal'ln;no"'tCOe"-x"'cneerud"'1'.O'-k"'g'.--------------------

()

()

Page 36EN 378-1 :2000

C.2.3.4.2 A refrigerating system with the high pressure side (except air cooled condensers) located in a specialmachinery room or in the open air shall meet the following requirements:

a) above ground the refrigerant charge shall not exceed 25 kg;



a) above ground there is no restriction of refrigerant charge;


, '\J,---',

: i\ ....J

Table C.l: Allowable refrigerant charge of a refrlgerallng system according to occupancy categories (synopllc chart of C.2)

Occupancy category A

Refrigerant Group L1 (C.2.1) L2 (C.2.2) L3 (C 2.3)Cooting or healing Direct or indirect Other indirect Direct, indirect OtherIndirect Direct, Indirecl Other Indirect

systems open open, indirect closed open, Indirect closedLocalion vented open vented openof refrigeratingequipment

Not in a special machinery room If people ere Nol tor air Not for air conctuon-C.la) restricted in their condilloning for Ing for human comfort

movement, open human comfort, If C.2.3.1flames or similar hot people are reslc/cledsurfaces are 10 be In their movementavoided In rooms C.2.2.lwithout proper steadyventilalionC.2.1.2.1b)

Refrigerantcharge not exceed the product of Only sealed systems. Onlysealed systems calculated from practicalpracllcallimil PL of the informative annex E Sorption syslems up to 2,5 kg limits up to 1,5 kg provided there are noand the volume V of the smallest human Otherwise calculated from practicalllmlls sources of Ignillon.occupied space In which refrigerant containing C.2.2.2.1 C.2.3.2.1equipment Is located,PL (kg/m')xV (m')C 2.1.2.1a)

Compressor, accumulator In a No restrictions ofspecial machinery room or In the charge C.2.1.2.2open airC.1b)

All refrigerant containing parts in a No restrictions of charge C.2.1.2.3 Not forair With exit to the open Not for airspecial machinery room or in the condllionlng for air no restrictrons of conditioning foropen air human comfort, If charge human comfortC.1c) people are restrlcted C.2.2.2.2b) C.2.3.1

in their movementC.2.2.1 Calculated from practical IImllsOtherwise up to Beiow ground up to 1,0 kg2,5 kg C.2.3.2.2b)C.2.2.2.2a) Otherwise up to 5,0 kg

C.2.3.2.2a)

(continued)

m-oz -o'0W'1l

""-JG.)'P--..

~

~aa

(""',-../

Table C.1: (continued)

()'--~~

Occupancy category B

Aefrigeranl Group L1 (C.2.1) l2 (C.2.2) L3 (C.2.3)

Cooling or heating Direct or Indirect Other Indirect Direct, Indirect Other Indirect Direct, Indirect Olher indirectsystems open open. Indirect closed open. indirect closed

Location vented open vented openof refrigeratingequipment

Not in a special machinery room Below ground or on upper floors without Not for air condltlon- Not for air condltlon-C.la) adequate emergency exits likecategory A lng forhuman com- ing for human comfort

Otherwise no restrictions of charge fort, if people are C.2.3.1C.2.1.3.t restricted In their

movementC.2.2.1

Up to 10,0 kgC.2.2.3.'

Compressor, accumulator In a No restrlcllons of charge Not for air condillon- No restrictions of Calculated from practical limitsspecial machinery room or in the C.2.1.3.2 Ing forhuman com- charge Beiow ground up to 1,0 kgopen air fort, If people ere C.2.2.3.2b) C.2.3.3.' b)C.lb) restricted in their Otherwise up to 2,5 kg

movement C.2.3.3,la)C.2.2.'Otherwise up to25 kgC.2.2.3.2a)

All refrigerant containing parts in a Not for air conditlon- Not for air condition-special machinery room or in the Ing for humen com- ing for human comfortopen air fort, If people are C.2.3.'c.ic) restricted In their

movementC.2.2.1

Without direct communlcallon to a human Below ground up to 1,0 kgoccupied space: no restrictions of charge C.2.3.3.2b)C.2.2.3.3 Otherwise up 10 , 0,0 kg

C.2.3.3.2a)

(continued)

mz

'""00-0~Ol"

'---,

C-J oTable C.1: (concluded)

Occupancy category C

Refrigerant Group L1 (C.2.1) l2 (C.2.2) L3 (C.2.3)

Cooling or healing Direct or Indirect Olher indirect Dlrecl, Indirect Other Indlrecl Direct, indirect Other Indirectsystems open open, Indirect closed open, Indirect closed

Location venled open venled open01 relrigeralingequipment

Not in a special machinery room Below ground or on Not forair condillon- Not for air conditlon-C.la) upper floors without Ing forhuman com-. jng for human comfort

adequate emergency fort, If people are C,2.3.1ex/ls likecategory A restricted In theirC.2.1.4.1 movement

C.2.2.1

Otherwise no restrictions of charge up to 10,0 kg Below ground up 10 1,0 kgC.2.1.4.1 C.2.2.4.1b) C.2.3.4.1b)

Otherwise up 10 10,0 kgNo more than 50 kg, If density of personnel C.2.3.4.1a)< 1/10m' and adaquate exlls avallablaC.2.2.4.1a)

Compressor, accumulator In a No restrictions of charge Not for air condltlon- No restrlcllons of Not for air condlllon-special machinery room or In the C.2.1.4.2 Ing for human com- charge Ing forhuman comfortopen air fort, if people are C.2.2.4.2b) C.2.3.1C.lb) restricted in their

movementC.2.2.1No reslrlcllons, If Below ground up to 1,0 kgdensity of personnel C.2,3.4.2b)< 1110 mZ and Olherwlse up to 25 kgadequate exits avalla- C.2.3.4,2a)bleC.2.2.4.2a)

All refrigerant containing parts In a Not for air condl- Not for air condJllon-special machinery room or in the tloning for human Ing forhuman comfortopen air comfort, If people are C.2.3.1C.le) restricted In their

movementC.2.2.1

No restricllons of charge C.2.2.4.3 Below ground up to 1,0 kgC.2.3.4.3b)Otherwise no restrictions of chargeC.2.3.4,3a)

m '0Z,ll(:.1W'"~ ,,J, ,0~

i\looo

EN 378-1:2000

Annex D (informative)Protection of people who are inside cold rooms

0.1 General

In order to minimize the hazard for people who get locked in cold rooms, sometimes along with strong currents ofair, measures as described in the following clauses shall be taken. Care shall be taken to ensure that no personnelare locked in cold rooms at the end of the working day.

0.2 Operation of doors and emergency exit doors

It shall be possible to leave a cold room at all times. Therefore it shall be possibie to open doors both from theinside and the outside.

0.3 Emergency switch or signal

According to the operating conditions, the following devices shall be provided in cold rooms with a volume of morethan 10 m3: .

a) an alarm switch operated by illuminated push buttons near the floor or by chains hanging near the floor,installed in a suitable place in the cold room, the operation of which initiates an audible signal and a sight signal,in a place where the permanent presence of a person is guaranteed. It shall not be possible to stop this signalexcept by means of a specific operation;

b) signal devices connected to an electric circuit with a voltage of at least 12 V. Batteries for this purpose shallhave an operating time of at least 10 h and be connected to a mains supplied automatic charging device. If atransformer is used, it shall be supplied with current from a different circuit to the one used for other equipmentin the cold room. Furthermore, the device shall be of such design that it does not cease to function due tocorrosion, frost or the formation of ice on contact surtaces;

c) a light switch in the cold room in parallel with light switches located outside this room so that the lightingturned on by means of the inside switch cannot be turned off by means of the outside switch;

d) a plug switch or other systems giving the same result for the fans located in the cold room in series with theswitches located on the outside so that the fans turned off by means of the inside switch cannot be tumed on bymeans of the outside switch;

()',j e) light switches shall have permanently illuminated buttons;

f) in the event of failure of the lighting, the routes towards the emergency exit (and/or alarm SWitch) shall beindicated by independent lighting or by other approved means;

g) a permanent emergency lighting system.

0.4 Cold rooms with a controlled atmosphere

In cold rooms with a controlled atmosphere (rooms with an atmosphere in which the concentration of oxygen, carbondioxide and nitrogen are different from those in normal air) the following additional requirements apply:

a) a self-contained breathing apparatus shall be worn when entering these cold rooms;

b) if a coid room with a controlled atmosphere is entered, another person shall remain outside the room and invisual contact with those inside through an inspection port. The person outside shall also have a self-containedbreathing apparatus at his disposal in case he should have to enterthe room in order to rescue the person insidein an emergency.

c) doors, hatches and other appliances giVing access to the cold room shall be provided with a written warningnotice against too low oxygen level in the cold room.

Ctassitlcation Descffp Ion Mo'ar racucai Flammability Global UzoneGroup Satety Refrigerant Formula mass'') limit').') Aulo-Igmllon t-Iammabilily liriills warming, deplelion

L grollp nllmhor') lemporaluro conconlrallon In air pOlonllal') potenltal')(MM) lower limit upper limit

(composition = % weight) kg/kmol kglm' 'C kglm3 % vlv kglm' % vlv GWP,oo ODP1 Al R-l1 Trichlorolluoromethane CCI,F 137,4 0,3 - - - - - 4000 1

1 Al R-12 Dichlorodifluoromethane CCI,F, 120,9 0,5 - - - - - 8500 1

I Al R-12Bl Bromochlorodilluoromelhane CBrCIF, 165,4 0,2 - - - - - . 3

1 Al R-13 Chlorotrirtuoromethane CCIF, 104,5 0,5 - - - - - 11700 1

1 Al R-13Bl Bromotrifluaromethane CBrF3 148,9 0,6 - - - - - 5600 10

1 Al R-22 Chlorodifluoromelhane CHCIF, 86,5 0,3 635 - - - - 1700 0,055

1 Al R-23 Trlfluoromethane CHF, 70 0,66 765 - - - - 12100 0

1 Al R-113 1,1,2-Triehloro-l ,2,2-trlfluoroelhane CCI,FCCIF, 187,4 0,4 - - - - - 5000 0,8

1 Al R-l14 1,ZDlchloro-1,1,2,Z-tetrafluoroethane CCIF,CCIF, 170,9 0,7 - - - - - 9300 1

1 Al R-115 2Chloro1 ,1,1.z.z-pemanucrceibene CF,CCIF, 154,5 0,6 - - - - - 9300 0,6

1 Al R-124 2-Chloro-l, 1,1.z-tetrauucrocibanc CF,CHCIF 136,5 0,11 . - - - - 480 0,022

1 Al R-125 Penlafluoroethane CF,CHF, 120 0,39 733 - - - - 3200 0

1 Al R-134a l,l,l,2-Telrafluoroelhano CF,CH,F 102 0,25 743 - - - - 1300 0

1 Al R-218 Octafluoropropane C3F! 188 1,84 - - - - - 7000 0

1 Al R-C318 Octafluorocyclobulane C~F8 200 0,81 - - - - - 9100 0

1 Al R-500 R-121152a (73,8/26,2) CC12F2 + 99,3 0.40 . - - - - 6300 0,74CF,HCH,(continued)

Annex E (informative)

Information about refrigerants

"~(J /-'\

c)Table E.1: (c

EN 378-1.pdf

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