EMV Overview

EMV Overview

KONA SOFTWARE LAB LTD.

October 01, 2016

CONTENTS

Ⅰ

EMV Authentication & Authorization

Ⅱ

Ⅲ

EMV Overview

Current Payment Scenario

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Players and Roles for Payment System

Payment Network Provider

Offering products and services to

User

Signing up with Acquirer

Buying Merchant’s products and

services

Using payment card issued by Issuer User

Merchant

Acquirer

Issuer


network

Transmitting collected transaction

data to Issuer

Signing up and underwriting

Merchant

Approval or rejection of

transaction

Issuing payment card

Providing network between Issuer and

Acquirer

Offering brand benefit

Payment eco-

system

Acquirer

User

Merchant

Issuer

POS ATM

Acquiring System

Issuing System

Host Payment Cards

Interchange Network

Authorization System

NPSB

3

Embossing Magnetic Stripe IC Chip Card RF Card Mobile Card

Verification of Card & Cardholder

Penciling the embossed card

Imprinted sales slip, transaction slip, and signature verification

Transaction slip, PIN, and signature verification

Same principle as IC chip card but streamlined authentication

Same as RF card

Data Processing

Manually Electronically process transaction and settlement data for the first time

Payment application-installed-chip stores and processes data

Similar process to that of IC chip card but streamlined transaction flow

Comply with NFC transaction process by using NFC equipped cellphone

Validation Verification

- CVC, CVV verification, Hologram verification by eye

Offline data authentication through digital signature verification

ARQC verification Same as RF card

Note High risk of data duplication

Increase in risk of data duplication by popularization of MS card usage and technology

-Strong security provided by high grade of cryptosystem

-Inconvenience in simple transaction

Compatibility with MS card infrastructure

OTA post issuance of card


Payment Card Evolution


4







Same as RF card

Data Processing


















5







Same as RF card

Data Processing


















6







Same as RF card

Data Processing


















7







Same as RF card

Data Processing


















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Magnetic Stripe Cards

Magnetic Stripe Cards

• Stores data on the magnetic band usually

located on the back of the card.

• Contains Track 1 & Track 2 Data

• Track 1 Data

• Card Type, PAN, Cardholder Name, PAN

Expiry Date, Service Code.

• Track 2 Data

• PAN, PAN Expiry Date, Service Code

• Stored data can not be changed.

• Read by swiping past a magnetic reading

head.


Magnetic Stripe Transaction Flow

Magnetic Stripe Transaction Flow

Static Authentication Data



Acquirer Payment Network Provider

Issuer

Transaction Response



Magnetic Stripe Card Swiped in

POS

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Security Issues for Magnetic Stripe Cards

Security Issues for Magnetic Stripe Cards

• Card Cloning

Magnetic stripe data is not encrypted and very easy to clone.

• Static Data

Static data is stored in the magnetic stripe during personalization

This data is not changed during its lifetime. So, if this data is compromised

once, it can be used for numerous number of times to perform fraud

transactions.

• Little Risk Assessment

No risk assessment is performed at the terminal or card.

Risk assessment is performed only at the host.

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CONTENTS

Ⅰ


Ⅱ

Ⅲ

EMV Overview



EMV

EMV

• A standard for smart payment cards

and terminals.

• EMV stands for – EuroPay,

MasterCard and Visa, the three

companies who were the founder of

the standard.

• This standard is maintained by

EMVCo – a consortium with payment

brands like Visa, MasterCard, JCB,

American Express, China UnionPay,

Discover as members.

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Purpose of EMV Standards

Purpose of EMV Standards

• To prevent card fraud

Minimize the risk of card data

duplication and counterfeit that

were easy with MS card

• To reduce cost

Cut cost by activating offline

transaction

• Interoperability

Set up interoperable payment

infrastructure(chip, card, terminal,

and system) by defining business

role of players in Credit & Debit

Payment System

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EMV Offerings

EMV Offerings

Cardholder and card authentication

Cryptographic processing capability of smart chip

Authorization by issuer by predefined rules

Acquirer Authorization

Request with dynamic data


Issuer

Authorization Request with dynamic data

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EMV Cryptographic Processing

EMV Cryptographic Processing

• EMV chip cards has cryptographic

processing capability.

• Cryptographic algorithms such as

Triple DES, RSA and SHA are used

throughout various phases of the

smart card’s lifecycle.

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A Look Into Chip Cards

A Look Into Chip Cards

Contact Cards

Contactless Cards

Dual Interface Cards

• 1 square cm. contact area with gold plated contact pads.

• ISO/IEC 7816 standard defines the communication protocol, physical characteristics of card, security and command for interchange, commands for security operations, etc.

• Card communicates with the reader through RF Induction technology

• ISO/IEC 14443 standard defines the communication protocol, radio frequency power, transmission protocol, etc.

• Both contact and contactless interfaces are supported

• ISO/IEC 14443 standard defines the communication protocol, radio frequency power, transmission protocol, etc.

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EMV Authentication

EMV Authentication

Card Authentication

• Online Authentication

• Offline Authentication

SDA – Static Data Authentication

DDA – Dynamic Data Authentication

CDA – Combined Data

Authentication

Cardholder Authentication

• Online PIN

• Offline PIN

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Authorization by the Issuer

Authorization by the Issuer

• Transaction cryptogram is

generated and sent to the issuer

online.

• The issuer authorizes the

transaction online.

Payment Network

Issuer

Cryptogram Request

Cryptogram Request

Cryptogram

Request

Authorization Response



Online Authorization

Offline Authorization

• Used when terminals don’t have

online connectivity.

• Card and terminal communicates

and decides whether the

transaction can be authorized.

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Risk Assessment

Risk Assessment

Terminal Risk Assessment

• Terminal can decide to perform the transaction online/offline

• For offline transactions, terminal checks the transaction amount against an offline

ceiling limit.

Card Risk Assessment

• Card takes part in the decision making of accepting/declining a transaction

• Different types of application cryptograms are generated

AAC – used for declining a transaction

TC – used for offline transaction

ARQC – used for online transaction

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CONTENTS

Ⅰ


Ⅱ

Ⅲ

EMV Overview



Card & Terminal Communication Steps for Transaction

Card & Terminal Communication Steps

Initiate Application

Data Authentication

Processing Restrictions

Cardholder Verification

Terminal Action Analysis

Online Processing & Issuer

Authentication

Card Action Analysis

Completion

Read Application Data

Script Processing

Online/ Offline

Decision

Online

Offline

Terminal Risk Management

Initiation of the transaction

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Reading card data for transaction


Data Authentication





Authentication


Completion


Script Processing

Online/ Offline

Decision

Online

Offline


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Card authentication by terminal


Data Authentication





Authentication


Completion


Script Processing

Online/ Offline

Decision

Online

Offline


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EMV Data Authentication


SDA DDA CDA

Static Data Authentication

Signed by Payment Brand Payment Brand Certificate kept at the terminal

Static Application Data

Verified by payment brand certificate

Verified by Issuer Public Key Certificate

Payment Brand Certificate

Issuer Public Key Certificate





SDA DDA CDA

Dynamic Data Authentication

Signed by Payment Brand Payment Brand Certificate kept at the terminal



Verified by payment brand certificate

Payment Brand Certificate

Verified by Issuer Public Key Certificate

ICC Public Key Certificate + Static Application Data

Card & Terminal Dynamic Data

Verified by ICC Public Key Certificate

ICC Public Key Certificate




SDA DDA CDA

Combined Data Authentication

Generate Application Cryptogram

Issuer

Application Request Cryptogram (ARQC)

Send ARQC to Issuer

Cryptogram Validation

Application Response Cryptogram

Send ARPC to Card

DDA




Confirming compatibility between terminal and card


Data Authentication





Authentication


Completion


Script Processing

Online/ Offline

Decision

Online

Offline


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Confirming whether a cardholder is valid


Data Authentication





Authentication


Completion


Script Processing

Online/ Offline

Decision

Online

Offline


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Cardholder Verification Method

Cardholder Verification Method

Verification Methods

• Online PIN

PIN is encrypted and verified by the issuer online

• Offline PIN

A copy of the PIN is stored at the card in encrypted form

During transaction, user provided PIN is matched with that stored encrypted PIN

• Signature

Cardholder’s signature on receipt is matched with the signature at the back of the

card

• No verification method

• Only Card is authenticated

• Usually takes place for small amount transaction

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Different steps taken by the terminal to prevent fraud


Data Authentication





Authentication


Completion


Script Processing

Online/ Offline

Decision

Online

Offline


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Primary decision for transaction whether to approve or decline offline or online


Data Authentication





Authentication


Completion


Script Processing

Online/ Offline

Decision

Online

Offline


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Final decision making for going online or offline for transaction by card self risk management based on terminal action analysis


Data Authentication





Authentication


Completion


Script Processing

Online/ Offline

Decision

Online

Offline


33





Data Authentication





Authentication


Completion


Script Processing

Online/ Offline

Decision

Online

Offline


Online Transaction with Application Cryptogram

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EMV Online Transaction Flow

EMV Online Transaction Flow


Acquirer Payment Network Provider

Issuer

Application Response Cryptogram (ARPC)



Cryptogram Validation



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Process Additional Commands from Issuer


Data Authentication





Authentication


Completion


Script Processing

Online/ Offline

Decision

Online

Offline


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Complete Transaction Process


Data Authentication





Authentication


Completion


Script Processing

Online/ Offline

Decision

Online

Offline


37

EMV Overview

Technology

Transcript of EMV Overview