EMT Pharmacology Handout
description
Transcript of EMT Pharmacology Handout
6/2/15
1
Drug Cards EMS 111
CVCC EMT Course
6/2/15
2
Albuterol (1 of 2) • Other Name: Proventil, Ventolin, ProAir
• Classification: Adrenergic B2 Agonist, sympathomimetic, bronchodilator
• MOA: Causes bronchodilation by action on B2 receptors by relaxing smooth muscle to dilate the lower airways
• Indications: Difficulty breathing as a result of bronchospasms with or without wheezing
• Contraindications: Altered mental status, hypersensitivity to medication, tachycardia
Albuterol (2 of 2) • Precautions: Hypertension, Tachycardia
• Major Side Effects: Tachycardia, tremors, shakiness, nervousness, dry mouth
• Adult Dosage: o MDI – Follow the patient’s prescription, and medical direction for the
number of puffs of the inhaler
o Nebulizer – 2.5 mg in 3 mL Normal Saline, may repeat x1 if no improvement
• BREMS: o MDI – Not supplied o Nebulizer – Supplied (2) – Administer as above
6/2/15
3
Aspirin (1 of 2) • Other Name: Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)
• Classification: Salicylate, Analgesic, antiplatelet
• MOA: Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and platelet aggregation
• Indications: Myocardial Infarction, Unstable Angina,
• Contraindications: Allergic to NSAIDs, Pediatric patient, bleeding ulcer, traumatic chest pain
Aspirin (2 of 2) • Precautions: Bleeding disorders, alcohol use, renal
failure, severe hepatic insufficiency,
• Major Side Effects: Bleeding, Tinnitus, Bronchospasm – use caution in patients with asthma, Angioedema, Reye’s Syndrome
• Adult Dosage: 162-324 mg • BREMS:
o Supplied – (4) 81 mg chewable tablets o Administer (4) tablets for chest pain of cardiac origin
6/2/15
4
Activated Charcoal (1 of 2) • Other Name: Actidose -Aqua, CharcoAid, Liqui-Char
• Classification: Antidote
• MOA: Binds poisons, toxins, irritants, increases absorption in GI tract
• Indications: Patients who have ingested poisons by mouth within the past one hour
• Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, altered mental status, inability to protect airway, alcohol intoxication, inhalation of poisonous gas, ingestion of acids or alkalis
Activated Charcoal (2 of 2) • Precautions: Potential change in mental status
leading to airway compromise and possible aspiration
• Major Side Effects: Blackening of the stools, possible vomiting
• Adult Dosage: 1 gram/kg of body weight; typical adult dose is 25 to 50 grams
• BREMS: Not used in the BREMS region
6/2/15
5
Benadryl (1 of 2) • Other Name: Diphenhydramine
• Classification: Antihistamine, H1 receptor antagonist
• MOA: Competes with H1 receptors in the blood vessels, GI tract, and respiratory system in order to decrease histamine
• Indications: Allergic reaction
• Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, acute asthma attack
Benadryl (2 of 2) • Precautions: renal/cardiac disease, hypertension,
asthma, seizure disorder
• Major Side Effects: Seizures, anaphylaxis
• Adult Dosage: o Adults – 25 to 50 mg PO o Pediatric patients 8 years and younger – Not Given
• BREMS:
o Supplied – (2) 25 mg tablets o Administer 50 mg PO to adult patients
with signs of an allergic reaction
6/2/15
6
Epi-‐‑Pen (1 of 2) • Other Name: Epinephrine, Adrenalin, EpiPen Jr.
• Classification: Sympathomimetic – Adrenergic agonist
• MOA: o Alpha-adrenergic receptors – Vasoconstriction o Beta1-adrenergic receptors – Increased heart rate & contractility o Beta2-adrenergic receptors – Bronchial dilation
• Indications: Signs and symptoms of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)
• Contraindications: None in Emergency Setting
Epi-‐‑Pen(2 of 2) • Precautions: Cardiac disorders
• Major Side Effects: Increased heart rate, pale skin (pallor), dizziness, chest pain, headache, nausea and vomiting, excitability and anxiousness
• Dosage: Auto-injectors deliver a single dose o Adult Dose – 0.3 mg Intramuscular (IM) o Pediatric Dose – 0.15 mg Intramuscular (IM)
• BREMS: Not supplied
6/2/15
7
Oral Glucose (1 of 2) • Other Name: Oral Glucose, Glutose, Insta Glucose
• Classification: Caloric
• MOA: Needed for adequate utilization of amino acids; decreases protein, prevents ketosis
• Indications: Slight altered mental status with history of diabetes and the ability to swallow the medication
• Contraindications: Unconscious, Unable to swallow medication
Oral Glucose (2 of 2) • Precautions: Potential for decrease in mental status
• Major Side Effects: May cause an airway obstruction in the patient without a gag reflex
• Adult Dosage: One tube – 15 grams • BREMS: Not supplied in drug box, stocked on most
ambulances
6/2/15
8
Nitroglycerin (1 of 2) • Other Name: Nitro-stat, Nitro-quick
• Classification: Antianginal, Nitrate, Coronary Vasodilator
• MOA: A vasodilator agent, relieves tension on vascular smooth muscle and dilates peripheral veins and arteries.
• Indications: Angina, Myocardial Infarction, Chest pain of cardiac origin
• Contraindications: Anemia, concomitant use of
phosphodiesterase inhibitors
Nitroglycerin (2 of 2) • Precautions: Pregnancy C, Poor cardiac
function, SBP < 100,
• Major Side Effects: Hypotension, Flushing, Dizziness, Headache
• Adult Dosage: o ANGINA – 0.4 MG TABS – EVERY 5 MINS – MAX OF 3
• BREMS: o Supplied – Bottle of 25 tablets, 0.4mg Each o ** The SBP MUST be greater than 140 mmHg
6/2/15
9
Afrin Nasal (1 of 2) • Other Name: Oxymetazoline
• Classification: Intranasal Decongestant
• MOA: Vasoconstricts the respiratory mucosa, provides short-term relief of nasal congestion
• Indications: Nose Bleed • Contraindications: HTN, Pregnancy, Increased ocular
pressure (Glaucoma)
Afrin Nasal (2 of 2) • Precautions: Pregnancy C, Liver or Kidney Damage,
Diabetes, Coronary Artery Disease • Major Side Effects: Allergic Reaction, Irregular or fast
heart beat, Insomnia, nervousness • Dosage:
o Adult – 2-4 sprays to the bleeding nostril, followed by direct pressure o Pediatric – 1-2 sprays to the bleeding nostril, followed by direct pressure
• BREMS: Supplied as (1) 15 ml Bottle
6/2/15
10
Tylenol PO (1 of 2) • Other Name: Acetaminophen
• Classification: Nonopioid analgesic, antipyretic
• MOA: May block pain impulses peripherally that occur in response to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis; does not possess any antiinflammatory properties; inhibits prostaglandins in the hypothalamus
• Indications: Mild pain or fever • Contraindications: Hypersensitivity
Tylenol PO (2 of 2) • Precautions: Pregnancy (B), anemia, renal/hepatic
disease, chronic alcoholism, geriatric • Major Side Effects: ABD pain, hepatic seizure, renal
failure, leukopenia, anemia, jaundice, delirium • Adult Dosage: 325-650 mg
• Supplied: 325 mg tablets • BREMS: Supplied à 975 mg PO
6/2/15
11
Zofran ODT (1 of 2) • Other Name: Ondansetron
• Classification: Antiemetic
• MOA: Prevents nausea and vomiting by blocking serotonin
• Indications: Prevention of nausea and vomiting
• Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, age < 1 year
Zofran ODT (2 of 2) • Precautions: Pregnancy
• Major Side Effects: Headache, dizziness, cardiac dysrhythmias
• Adult Dosage: 4 mg Oral Dissolving Tablet (ODT) • BREMS:
o Supplied – 4 mg ODT Tablets (2 tablets)
o Administer (1) 4 mg ODT o May repeat in 5 minutes if needed