Empowerment is related to health among Swedish adolescents
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Empowerment is related to health among Swedish adolescents 1 Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences, Umeå University, Sweden 2 Center for Clinical Research Falun, Sweden 3 Research Department, National Institute of Public Health – Sweden 4 Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden 5 Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Sweden Lars Jerden 1,2,3 Gunilla Burell 4 Hans Stenlund 1 Lars Weinehall 1,3 Erik Bergström 1,5
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Empowerment is related to health among Swedish adolescents. Lars Jerden 1,2,3 Gunilla Burell 4 Hans Stenlund 1 Lars Weinehall 1,3 Erik Bergström 1,5. 1 Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences, Umeå University, S weden 2 Center for Clinical Research Falun, Sweden - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Empowerment is related to health among Swedish adolescents
Empowerment is related to health among Swedish
adolescents
1Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences, Umeå University, Sweden 2Center for Clinical Research Falun, Sweden 3Research Department, National Institute of Public Health – Sweden4Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden 5Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Sweden
Lars Jerden 1,2,3
Gunilla Burell 4
Hans Stenlund 1
Lars Weinehall 1,3
Erik Bergström 1,5
Empowerment
“Empowerment is defined as a process wherein people assert control over factors which affect their lives”
Ref: Connelly LM, Keele BS, Kleinbeck SV, Schneider JK, Cobb AK. A place to be yourself: empowerment from the client's perspective. Image J Nurs
Sch. 1993 Winter;25(4):297-303.
Empowerment
Personal control, perceived power is central
Broad concept, including self-efficacy, competence and social interaction
Different levels: Individual, group and community level of analysis
In our study we have focused on the individual level
Study population
All students in 7th grade (n = 1 046) in seven schools, representing varying number of inhabitants, geographical areas, and levels of education among parents.
Aim
To examine if empowerment is associated with self-rated health and health behaviour (among Swedish adolescents)
Sweden
Västerbotten Province
(2 schools)
Dalarna Province
(5 schools)
Construction of the instrument
A questionnaire was constructed with questions about empowerment, socio-demographic characteristics, self-rated health and health behavior. Half of the empowerment questions were selected from the Swedish part of the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children survey (HBSC), and from other established Swedish surveys. The rest were constructed for the study.
Test-retest(204 student)
4 items withKappa < 0.4
were dropped
The final 17 “empowerment items”
21 preliminary“empowerment
items”combining HBSC and new questions
Development of the instrument
The final 17 “empowerment
items”
Health-related competence
Social interaction
Self-efficacy
3 dimensions
From items to dimensions
To what degree can you yourself influence your well-being?
Very much Rather much Not very much + Not at all
Do you know what to do in order to feel well?
Yes, most often
Yes, sometimes
No, seldom
How often do you feel helpless? Never Seldom Sometimes + Often + Always
Self-efficacy related items
Self-efficacy
Item scores for reply alternatives
3 2 1
Health related competence items
Item scores for reply alternatives
3 2 1
When you feel bad: do you know the reason?
Do you know how your body functions?
Do you know what to do if you get a headache?
Do you know what to do in order to avoid stress?
Do you know what to do if you become stressed?
Do you know what to do if you feel bad mentally? Do you usually feel that things that happen in
your daily life are difficult to understand?
Yes, most often
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes, sometimes
Uncertain
Uncertain
Uncertain
Uncertain
Uncertain
Yes, sometimes
No, seldom
No
No
No
No
No
Yes, most often
Health-related competence
Social interaction itemsItem scores for reply alternatives
3 2 1
Never
No, seldom
Yes, most often
No
No, seldom
Yes, most often
Yes, most often
Seldom
Yes, sometimes
Yes, sometimes
Once or twice +
A few times
Yes, sometimes
Yes, sometimes
Yes, sometimes
Sometimes + Often + Alvays
Yes, often
No, seldom
About once a week +
Several times a week
Yes, most often
No, seldom
No, seldom
How often do you feel left aside?
Does it happen that you are alone, although you
don´t want it?
Do you have as many mates as you want?
Have you been mobbed during the last year?
Do you find it embarrassing to speak in front of
your class?
Do your teachers usually care about your opinion?
Are you taking part in decisions in your family?
Social interaction
Empowerment dimensions and total empowerment vs parents education levels
Self-efficacy
Health Related Competence
Social Interaction
Empowerment
University/college
Lower
0,0 2,5 5,0 7,5
6,86 *
6,99
2,28
2,29
2,32
2,37
2,24 *
2,33
Empowerment dimensions and total empowerment vs gender
Self-efficacy
Health Related Competence
Social Interaction
Empowerment
Boys
Girls
0,0 2,5 5,0 7,5
6,85
6,98
2,30 *
2,26
2,34
2,35
2,21 ***
2,36
Empowerment dimensions and total empowerment vs self rated health
Self-efficacy
Health Related Competence
Social Interaction
Empowerment
High
Low
0,0 2,5 5,0 7,5
5,82 ***
7,00
2,08 ***
2,29
2,03 ***
2,37
1,72 ***
2,33
Empowerment dimensions and total empowerment vs smoking habits
Self-efficacy
Health Related Competence
Social Interaction
Empowerment
No smoking
Smoking
0,0 2,5 5,0 7,5
6,26***
6,95
2,21
2,28
2,12***
2,36
1,94***
2,30
Conclusions
Empowerment is closely related to self-rated health and health behaviour (among Swedish adolescents).
Empowerment dimensions are influenced
by gender and by educational level of parents
