“Stress is a costly business expense that affects both employee health and company’s profit”

WHAT IS STRESS . . . ?

Stress is an adaptive response mediated by individual characteristics and psychological process, that is, a consequence of any external action, situation or event that places special physical and psychological demands upon a person.

“STRESS IS AN ADAPTIVE RESPONSE TO AN EXTERNAL SITUATION THAT RESULTS IN PHYSICAL,PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORIAL DEVIATIONS FOR ORGANISATIONAL PARTICIPATION”

EMPLOYEE STRESS ::“It is a condition arising from the interaction of people and their jobs and characterized by changes within people that force them to deviate from their normal functioning”

TYPES OF STRESSES

1. TEMPORARY STRESS

2. LONG TERM STRESS

1. MILD STRESS

2. SEVERE STRESS

Depends on:

How long How powerful they are How strong the individual’s power are

CAUSES OF STRESSES - - STRESSORS

INDIVIDUAL STRESSORS

EXTRA ORGANISATIONAL

STRESSORSORGANISATIONAL

STRESSORS

GROUP STRESSORS

INDIVIDUAL STRESS

1. INDIVIDUAL STRESSORS

1. LIFE AND CAREER CHANGES

1. Every change produces a stress2. Young people > old people , Urban people > rural people3. Caused by Promotions, demotions, transfers, separations etc. . .4. Below are life events causes stress

Life events Stress levels

Death of spouseDivorce Personal injury/illnessChange in financial statusChange in nature of workChange in working conditions

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2. PERSONALITY TYPE

1. Characteristics – 1. authoritarianism 2. rigidity 3. Masculinity4. Feminity5. Extroversion6. Supportiveness 7. Spontaneity8. Emotionality9. Tolerance for ambiguity10. locus of control11.Anxiety12.Need for achievements

2. Type A, Type B personality

Type A personality Type B personality

Is always movingWalks rapidlyEats rapidlyTalks rapidlyIs impatient Does two things at a timeMeasures success by quantityIs aggressiveIs competitiveFeels time pressure

Is never in hurryIs patientDoes not bragPlays for fun, not for winRelaxes without guiltIs mild manneredHas no pressing deadlines

Difference between Type A, Type B personality

3. ROLE CHARACTERISTICS

Role conflict

Incompatibility of 2 or more rules

Job, family, club, voluntary organization

Job task, rules, resources, policies, other people

Role ambiguity

Inadequate knowledge / information to do a job

People not clear about actual expectations from a

role

Stress levels depends on :1. Over time 2. Quotas3. Deadlines4. Competitiveness5. Physical demand6. Environmental conditions7. Hazards encountered8. Initiative required9. Stamina required10.Win / lose situations11.Working in the public eye

Job Stress scores

Firefighter SurgeonReal-estate agentPilot Lawyer Tax collector

110.999.573.168.764.334.8

2. GROUP STRESSORS

1.LACK OF GROUP COHESIVENESS

Satisfaction – group interaction

2.LACK OF SOCIAL SUPPORT

3.CONFLICT

3. ORGANISATIONAL STRESSORS

1. Organizational policies1. Unfavorable 2. Unfair and arbitrary performance evaluation3. Unrealistic job description4. Frequent reallocation of activity5. Rotating work shifts6. Ambiguous procedures7. Inflexible rules8. Inequality of incentives

2. Organization structure1. lack of opportunity of participation2. lack of advancement3. lack of high degree of specialization

3. Organizational process1. Poor communication 2. Poor and inadequate feedback of work performance3. Ambiguous and conflicting roles4. Unfair control systems5. Inadequate information flow etc

4. Physical conditions 1. Crowding and lack of privacy2. Excessive noise3. Excessive heat or cold4. Pressure of toxic chemicals and radiation5. Air pollution6. Poor lighting

4. EXTRA ORGANIZATIONAL STRESSORS

Caused by 1.Environment

2.Social

3.Technical changes

4.Economic and financial conditions

5.Social class conflicts

6.Community conditions

EFFECTS OF STRESS

1. Eustress1. Sales 2. Creativity

2. Distress 1. Physical

1. High B.P ,cholesterol2. Psychological

1. Mood, emotional status3. Behavioral

1. Alcoholism2. Drug addiction3. Smoking4. Sleeplessness5. Suicide

BURN-OUT IN JOBS

“Burnout is a syndrome wherein a person breaks down physically and emotionally due to continuous over-work over a long period of time”

Process of burnout:

1.Stage of job contentment – enthusiasm to work with high energy2.Stage of fuel storage – experiencing mental fatigue, frustration3.Stage of withdrawal and isolation- avoiding contact with co-workers, showing anger4.Stage of crisis- very low self esteem, negative feelings5.Stage of final breakdown – alcoholism, drug addiction, heart attacks

STRESS vs. BURNOUTS

STRESS BURNOUTS

1. The person feels fatigued

2. The person is anxious3. The person is dissatisfied with

his/her job4. The person feels moody

5. Person’s job commitment has dropped off

1. The individual encounters chronic exhaustion

2. Individual is hypertensive3. The individual is bored and

cynical about the work4. The individual feels impatient,

irritable5. Person’s job commitment in

virtually nil.