Employee Motivation Presentation
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Employee Motivation: Theories & Strategies
Manerly SalvatoreApril 19, 2010
“Stress and lack of motivation in the workplace costs U.S.
corporations over $300 billion annually”.
(The American Institute of Stress, 2010)
Perspectives on Motivation
Need-based Process Reinforcement
Need-based perspective
Also known as content perspectives
Are theories that emphasize the needs that motivate people
Needs are defined as physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior
(Wilsons, 2006)
Major Needs Theories of Motivation
Maslow's Need-Hierarchy Theory
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory
McClelland’s Acquired Needs Theory
Marslow’s Hierachy of Needs Theory
Meet employees’ level 1 and level 2 needs, so that employees will not be preoccupied with them
Give employees a chance to fulfill their higher- level needs in ways that also advance the goals of the organization.
Not all employees are driven by the same needs
The needs that motivate individuals can change over time
Using Hierarchy of Needs Theory to Motivate
Employee
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
Eliminate dissatisfaction
Making sure that working condition, pay levels and company policies are reasonable
Then concentrate on spurring motivation by providing opportunities for achievement, recognition, responsibility, and personal growth
Using Two-Factor Theory to Motivate
Employee
McClelland’s Acquired Needs Theory
Using Acquired Needs Theory to Motivate
EmployeeEliminate dissatisfaction
Making sure that working condition, pay levels and company policies are reasonable
Then concentrate on spurring motivation by providing opportunities for achievement, recognition, responsibility, and personal growth
A Comparison of needs theories: Maslow, Herzberg, and McClelland
Popular Incentive Compensation Plans
Pay for performance
Bonuses
Profit sharing
Gain-sharing
Stock options
Pay for knowledge
Strategies for Employee Motivation
Positive reinforcement/high expectations;
Effective discipline and punishment;
Treating people fairly;
Satisfying employees needs;
Setting work related goals;
Restructuring jobs;
Based rewards on job performance/compensation
(ACCEL Team Development, 2010, para. 9-10)
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Rabideau. S. T. (2005). Effects of Achievement Motivation on Behavior. Rochester Institute of Technology. Retrieved April 12, 2010 from http://www.personalityresearch.org/papers/rabideau.html
Reeves, S. (2006). How to motivate bad employees. Forbes Magazines, February 2, 2006. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/2006/02/01/training-employees-management-cx_sr_0202bizbasics.html
Scofidio, B. (2010). Don’t demotivate your best people. Corporate Meetings & Incentives, 29(1), 4. Retrieved from Hospitality & Tourism Complete database.
Seligman, M. E. P. (1990). Learned Optimism. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc..
Shipley, D., & Jobber, D. (1991). Salesforce motivation, compensation and evaluation by Industrial Distributors. Service Industries Journal, 11(2), 154. Retrieved from Hospitality & Tourism Complete database.
Practical Support for Directors Managing Change. (2010). Process Theories of Motivation. Retrieved April 14, 2010 from http://www.strategies-for-managing-change.com/process-theories-of-motivation.html
Web-Book Website. (2010). Motivating Employees. Retrieved April 14, 2010 from http://www.web-books.com/eLibrary/NC/B0/B66/057MB66.html
Williams, A., Lankford, S., & DeGraaf, D. (1999). How Managers Perceive Factors That Impact Employee Motivation: An Application of Pathfinder Analysis. Journal of Park & Recreation Administration, 17(2), 84-106. Retrieved from Hospitality & Tourism Complete database.
Williams, R. B. (2010, February 13). How to motivate employees: What managers need to know. Psychology Today. Retrieved February 22, 2010 from http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/wired-success/201002/how-motivate-employees-what-managers-need-know-0
Williams, K. (2006). Management: A Practical Introduction (2nd Ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Wilson, R. (2010). The Reward is in the Eye of the Beholder. Executive Housekeeping Today, 32(3), 23. Retrieved from Hospitality & Tourism Complete database.
Web-Book Website. (2010). Motivating Employees. Retrieved April 14, 2010 from http://www.web-books.com/eLibrary/NC/B0/B66/057MB66.htmlWilliams, A., Lankford, S., & DeGraaf, D. (1999). How Managers Perceive Factors That Impact Employee Motivation: An Application of Pathfinder Analysis. Journal of Park & Recreation Administration, 17(2), 84-106. Retrieved from Hospitality & Tourism Complete database.Williams, R. B. (2010, February 13). How to motivate employees: What managers need to know. Psychology Today. Retrieved February 22, 2010 from http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/wired-success/201002/how-motivate-employees-what-managers-need-know-0Williams, K. (2006). Management: A Practical Introduction (2nd Ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.Wilson, R. (2010). The Reward is in the Eye of the Beholder. Executive Housekeeping Today, 32(3), 23. Retrieved from Hospitality & Tourism Complete database.