Employability among Statistics Graduates: Graduates...
8
Research Article Employability among Statistics Graduates: Graduates’ Attributes, Competence, and Quality of Education Ashenafi Abate Woya Department of Statistics, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia Correspondence should be addressed to Ashenafi Abate Woya; [email protected] Received 28 September 2018; Accepted 13 November 2018; Published 3 January 2019 Academic Editor: Gwo-Jen Hwang Copyright © 2019 Ashenafi Abate Woya. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. An aspect of quality in higher education is the quality of the outcomes achieved. Higher education adds value by developing job- related skills and competencies. It is also not known to what extent, graduates’ competence goes in line with the demands of the employers. is study was to assess the employability and competency of statistics graduates. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysis the using SPSS version 23. is study employed a Kaplan–Meier estimate to compare the duration of unemployed times from two or more groups. To assess whether there is a real difference between groups, we used Log- rank test. From a total of 303 statistics graduates, 17.7% were unemployed and 82.3% were employed. Of employed graduates, 65.8% had a permanent worker and the rest 16.5% of graduates had a temporary worker. e mean duration of unemployed statistics graduate at Bahir Dar University was 12.9 month (95% CI, (9.9, 15.9)). is study revealed that there is a percentage of graduates who are not yet employed and never been employed. erefore, the department must be a linkage with the different government organization and NGO.is may improve the employability of statistics graduates. 1. Introduction Tracer studies or graduate survey is a means of maintaining curriculum relevance and providing targeted benefits to graduates to enhance the marketability of educational programs. Adequate knowledge on employment outcomes of training graduates could assist in formulating policy towards combating some of the social problems such as unemployment. Students, particularly graduates of any course, are required to earn a sense of competence in their field of interest and develop the confidence to explore new possibilities and new employment especially if there is in- creasing competition among rivals at work [1]. Graduate tracer studies are one form of empirical study that can appropriately provide valuable information for evaluating the results of the education and training of a specific in- stitution of higher education [2]. It can collect essential information concerning the employment profile of gradu- ates [3], their undergraduate experience, the first and current jobs of graduates [4], and the relevance of their educational background and skills required in their job. Graduate tracer study can also collect data on the relevance of the curriculum and graduates’ level of satisfaction with their academic preparation [3]. An essential aspect of quality in higher education is the quality of the outcomes achieved. Higher education adds value by developing job-related skills and competencies that prepare students for the workplace [3, 5]. e adequacy of Ethiopia University graduates remains hotly debated. It is a question of particular concern to graduates who are seeking employment and to employers who consider hiring them. e situation is of such concern that hundreds of unemployed university graduates in Ethiopia demanding that the gov- ernment provide them with jobs. Employers complain that graduates are poorly prepared for work. ey believe that academic standards have fallen considerably over the past decade and that a university degree is no longer a guarantee of communication skills or technical competence. Ethiopia’s higher education infrastructure has increased in the last 15 years [6]. However, the institutions suffer from Hindawi Education Research International Volume 2019, Article ID 7285491, 7 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7285491
Transcript of Employability among Statistics Graduates: Graduates...
Research ArticleEmployability among Statistics Graduates GraduatesrsquoAttributes Competence and Quality of Education
Ashenafi Abate Woya
Department of Statistics College of Science Bahir Dar University PO Box 79 Bahir Dar Ethiopia
Correspondence should be addressed to Ashenafi Abate Woya ashuabategmailcom
Received 28 September 2018 Accepted 13 November 2018 Published 3 January 2019
Academic Editor Gwo-Jen Hwang
Copyright copy 2019 Ashenafi Abate Woya is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense which permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work isproperly cited
An aspect of quality in higher education is the quality of the outcomes achieved Higher education adds value by developing job-related skills and competencies It is also not known to what extent graduatesrsquo competence goes in line with the demands of theemployers is study was to assess the employability and competency of statistics graduates Data were collected using astructured questionnaire and analysis the using SPSS version 23 is study employed a KaplanndashMeier estimate to compare theduration of unemployed times from two or more groups To assess whether there is a real difference between groups we used Log-rank test From a total of 303 statistics graduates 177 were unemployed and 823 were employed Of employed graduates658 had a permanent worker and the rest 165 of graduates had a temporary worker e mean duration of unemployedstatistics graduate at Bahir Dar University was 129 month (95 CI (99 159)) is study revealed that there is a percentage ofgraduates who are not yet employed and never been employed erefore the department must be a linkage with the differentgovernment organization and NGOis may improve the employability of statistics graduates
1 Introduction
Tracer studies or graduate survey is a means of maintainingcurriculum relevance and providing targeted benefits tograduates to enhance the marketability of educationalprograms Adequate knowledge on employment outcomesof training graduates could assist in formulating policytowards combating some of the social problems such asunemployment Students particularly graduates of anycourse are required to earn a sense of competence in theirfield of interest and develop the confidence to explore newpossibilities and new employment especially if there is in-creasing competition among rivals at work [1] Graduatetracer studies are one form of empirical study that canappropriately provide valuable information for evaluatingthe results of the education and training of a specific in-stitution of higher education [2] It can collect essentialinformation concerning the employment profile of gradu-ates [3] their undergraduate experience the first and currentjobs of graduates [4] and the relevance of their educational
background and skills required in their job Graduatetracer study can also collect data on the relevance of thecurriculum and graduatesrsquo level of satisfaction with theiracademic preparation [3]
An essential aspect of quality in higher education is thequality of the outcomes achieved Higher education addsvalue by developing job-related skills and competencies thatprepare students for the workplace [3 5] e adequacy ofEthiopia University graduates remains hotly debated It is aquestion of particular concern to graduates who are seekingemployment and to employers who consider hiring themesituation is of such concern that hundreds of unemployeduniversity graduates in Ethiopia demanding that the gov-ernment provide them with jobs Employers complain thatgraduates are poorly prepared for work ey believe thatacademic standards have fallen considerably over the pastdecade and that a university degree is no longer a guarantee ofcommunication skills or technical competence
Ethiopiarsquos higher education infrastructure has increasedin the last 15 years [6] However the institutions suffer from
HindawiEducation Research InternationalVolume 2019 Article ID 7285491 7 pageshttpsdoiorg10115520197285491
curricula being abandoned due to various reasons e rapidgrowth of Ethiopiarsquos higher education system has come at acost but it is moving forward all the same Even though thenumber of universities has increased offering many pro-grams in Ethiopia there is a problem of imbalance betweenthe number of graduates and employment in different in-stitutions It is also not known to what extent graduatesrsquocompetence goes in line with the demands of the employerserefore to make the curriculum of each program re-sponsive to the demand for potential employers conductingthis research has become a necessity for the departmentus this study was to assess the employability and com-petency of statistics graduates focusing on the years 2012 to2016 at Bahir Dar University
2 Methodology
e study population consisted of the sample a statisticsgraduates between 2012 and 1216 years e data were col-lected using online questioners (httpsdocsgooglecomformsde1FAIpQLSc0xZjCp_kJUNV7bL6YHSp8inTCizA_D9AMhSLfkpKtbbw_lAviewformuspsf_link) and the In-ternet access not availed the data were collected structuredquestionnaire form offered to graduates in work and live placeof the graduatese sample size was calculated using EPI Infoconsidering the following assumptione expected frequencyof graduates employability in Ethiopia was 80 [11] 95 CIand 76 acceptable margin of error and the entire numberof study participants was 79 Based on a cross-sectional studythe data was conducted March to June 2018 in Ethiopia
21 StudyVariable edependent variable for this study wasthe employability of graduates (employed and unemployed)Employed graduates graduates who are employed full-timeor part-time during a specified payroll period unemployedstatistics graduates who do not have a job Demographiceducation status and the region of their graduates and res-idence area were independent variables of this study
22 Data Analysis e data gathered were tallied analyzedand interpreted Frequency ranking mean and t-test used todescribe the typicality of responses is study used aKaplanndashMeier estimate to compare the duration unemployedtimes from two or more groups To assess whether there is areal difference between groups we used Log-rank test [7]
23 KaplanndashMeier Estimator of S(t) e KM estimator issimple and intuitive S(t) proportion of observations withfailure times gt t When there are censored data KM providesan estimate of S(t) that takes censoring into account
KM estimator is defined only at times when eventsoccur [8]
K unemployed duration t1 lt tj lt middot middot middot lt tk (1)
At each employed duration tj there are nj individualsunemployed and dj is the number of graduates employed attime tj
S(t) 1113945jtjlet
1minusdj
nj
1113890 1113891 (2)
3 Results and Discussion
ree hundred three people studying statistics were grad-uated on the period between 2012 and 2016 at Bahir DarUniversity Ethiopia Of these 79 of graduates were enrolledin this study From those included in this study 14 or 177were unemployed and 65 or 823 were employed About20 or 253 of graduates included in this study were femaleof which 400 were unemployed and 59 or 791 weremale of which 102 were unemployed e percent ofunemployed female statistics graduates at Bahir Dar Uni-versity was higher than that of male graduates 59 or 746 ofgraduates were from the Amhara region Out of thesegraduates 203 of graduates were unemployed in theAmhara region and the remaining 105 were unemployedin other regions e rate of the unemployed of Amhararegion was higher than that of any other region in Ethiopiae mean age of graduates was 2619 years with 185standard deviations 734 of graduates preferred to joinBahir Dar University and 253 were not preferred to jointhe university
Of the employed graduates stated in Table 1 658 werepermanent workers and the rest 165 of graduates weretemporary workers For employed graduates 595 theirwork directly aligns the study of the field and 241 of thegraduates doing work not directly align the study of the field(Table 2) From the total of 79 respondents 16 (203) 5(63) 14 (177) 20 (367) and 15 (19) were in the 2012year in the 2013 year in the 2014 year in the 2015 year andin the 2016 year of statistics graduates respectively Allstatistics graduates from 2012 to 2014 years were employedIn the 2015 year of statistics graduates 724 were employedand 276 were unemployed 40 of statisticians were un-employed in the 2016 year graduates e unemployedstatistics graduate increase year to year
241 of the graduatesrsquo gross income was between 5001and 8000 Ethiopian Birr per month 215 graduate theirincome was between 2001 and 3000 Birr per month 121 ofthe graduates earn income 3001ndash4000 Birr per month and101 of the graduates earn monthly 4001 to 5000 Birr permonth e government sector (a federal and regionalgovernment organization) was the main employer of sta-tistics graduates (Table 2) 36 or 456 of the graduates wereemployed in the federal government organization and 15 or198 of statisticians are workers of the regional governmentsector Five or 63 of graduates were employed in theinternational NGO and one percent graduate has work inlocal NGO Five or 63 and 2 or 25 of graduates wereworked in the private sector and private work respectivelye other graduates were not employed did not indicatewhere they worked and it was not the permanent worksector Table 2 shows the results of some worker sectors ofstatistics graduates and employment More than half (544)of the graduates obtained their first job by examining the
2 Education Research International
organization entrance exam and 139 of graduate acquiredtheir first job by university cumulative grade point 51 ofgraduate acquired their first job by cumulative grade pointaverage and organization entrance exam Other graduatesstart their first job by direct contact with the company orthrough a friendrsquos recommendation (Table 2)
e graduates included in this study 65 (823) wereemployed and 14 (177) were unemployed at data collectedtime (June 2018) e length of the job search for statisticsgraduates was a minimum of 1-month duration and amaximum of 36-month duration Figure 1 shows that theprobability of the unemployment rate was high in the firstmonths which relatively decreases when the duration ofgraduate increases e mean duration of unemployment instatistics graduates at Bahir Dar University was 12929months and the 95 confidence interval of mean duration ofunemployed was between 9935 and 15922 months And themedian of unemployed statistics graduates was 6 monthsand the 95 confidence interval was between 5284 and6716 e mean duration of time unemployed of male andfemale for statistics graduates was 22250 and 9754 monthsrespectively e average duration of time for the un-employed female graduates was higher than male graduatese mean duration of unemployed statistics graduates was5667 months for cumulative grade point average (CGPA)between 225 and 250 Grouped cumulative grade pointaverage (CGPA) of graduates and the duration of
unemployed were statistically insignificant based on log-rank test (Table 3) is means grouped cumulative gradepoint average has no effect on the duration of un-employment among statistics graduates
Table 3 displays the length of job search among statisticsgraduates from 2012 up to 2016 from Bahir Dar UniversityStatistics graduates of 2012 and 2014 years were unemployedup to six months after graduation whereas graduates of 2013and 2016 years were unemployed up to one year aftergraduation 18966months were taken to get a job for statisticsgraduates in the 2015 year is implies that the majority ofstatistics graduates are able to secure jobs within a year periodand the responsiveness of the labor market to accommodategraduates as fast as possible as well is is also considered aslong-term unemployment among graduates Basically long-term unemployment indicates poverty Poverty makes itdifficult to make investments in education and health thatwould increase a personrsquos productivity [9] Long-term un-employment has a number of socioeconomic political andmoral consequences (UNDP 2006) It reflects the failure tomake use of an important factor of production labor forfostering economic growth (UNDP 2006) Besides un-employment results with different crises for instance inEthiopia structural unemployment and widespread povertywere believed to be the basis for the riots and violent dem-onstrations by youths and unemployed graduates in AddisAbaba in April 2001 upsetting the seemingly peaceful and
Table 1 e graduate employability
Characteristics CategoryEmployability Chi-squared
Unemployed Employed Value P value
Year of graduation
2012 0 (00) 16 (100)
1458 0006
2013 0 (00) 5 (100)2014 0 (00) 14 (100)2015 8 (276) 21 (724)2016 6 (40) 9 (60)Total 14 (177) 65 (823)
Gender of graduation Female 8 (400) 12 (600) 911 0003Male 6 (102) 53 (898)
Region where graduate lives Amhara region 12 (203) 47 (797)Other 2 (105) 17 (895)
Types of job searching methods
Public media 13 (206) 50 (794)
2144 0709Direct contact with employer 0 (00) 4 (1000)
From individuals 0 (00) 2 (1000)Internet or websites 1 (111) 8 (889)
Others 0 (00) 1 (1000)
Education status of father
Illiterate 7 (171) 34 (829)
1462 0833Grade 1 to 8 5 (192) 21 (808)Grade 9 to 12 0 (00) 3 (1000)
TVET 0 (00) 1 (1000)Higher education 2 (286) 5 (714)
Education status of father
Illiterate 9 (167) 4 (5833)
7401 0116Grade 1 to 8 2 (200) 8 (800)Grade 9 to 12 0 (00) 9 (1000)
TVET 2 (667) 1 (333)Higher education 0 (00) 1 (1000)
Looking for a job Before graduation 1 (333) 2 (667) 0501 0479After graduation 13 (173) 62 (827)
Education Research International 3
stable political situatione incident resulted inmany deathsand destruction of property worth millions of dollars [9]
In Table 3 the P value shows that the duration of theunemployment in different years of graduates and gender ofgraduates were statistically significant eir difference isstatistically significant at the 95 level of significance by log-rank test is means the hazard of time unemployed for adifferent year of graduation and gender of graduates arestatistically significant
Table 4 presents the knowledge skills and personalattributes of graduates which were requirements for theirprofessional Table 4 shows the course was taken at uni-versity while they were working Most of the graduates had
agreed that the statistics courses were given at the universitywhere they applied for the job One-sample t-test displayedin Table 4 showed the courses provided at the universitywere statistically important for their work is means thatthe graduates responded to the courses taken at universityqualified for doing work e details of each measurementthat is used to qualify their work are given in Table 4Graduates also believed that the courses offered by thedepartment is capable of demonstrating conceptualknowledge and specific technical skills related to their workperformed in a better way
Most of the graduates thought that they possessed basiccomputing skills and that related technologies are necessaryto perform their tasks For participating in the study only3 (38) of graduates reported lack of computer skills16 (203) 33 (418) and 24 (304) of statisticians toldhave fair adequately and very good computer skills re-spectively e acquired computer skills from the universitywere important for their work
e use of qualitative and quantitative information tosolve problems and assess the validity of the conclusion isdiscussed here e graduates supposed that the coursesoffered the by the department were skillful e researchskills for graduates were adequate or better (Table 4) egraduates believed that to have adequate or better forplanning and organization skills priority setting skills andperforming tasks accurately (Table 4) e graduates whoreported the employability skills namely to solve thedecision-making problem to review based on the fact toprovide research skills and to work with the colleagues in aneffective manner were competent However competence onreading and speak English briefly explained to do workexpress ideas in writing knowledge of the field andknowledge-related work was rated moderate Moreover itwas presented also in this study that same group of em-ployees demonstrated a satisfactory contextual performanceIn general the knowledge skills and personal attributes ofstatistics graduates were found to be better
e graduate reported in Table 5 that their study fieldhelps them to do work e great number of graduates ratethat the study filed stated in Table 5 aids to perform goodwork e benefit of the study field to do work was statisticalsignificance based on one-sample t-test (see one-sample t-test) 367 of graduates believed to be a hard worker by
Table 2 Employed characteristics
Variables Category FrequencyEmployabilityof graduate
Employees 65 (823)Nonemployees 14 (177)
Type of work Permanent 52 (658)Temporary 13 (165)
Study-relatedwork
Unrelated 19 (241)Related 47 (595)
Salary ofgraduate permonth
2001ndash3000 birr 17 (215)3001ndash4000 birr 10 (127)4001ndash5000 birr 8 (101)5001ndash8000 birr 19 (241)
More than 8000 birr 11 (139)
Employerorganizationname
Missing data (nonresponse) 28 (354)Administration office 6 (165)
Bank 5 (63)Central statistical agency 5 (63)
Economy and development center 2 (25)Education office 3 (38)Ethiopia airport 3 (38)
Ethiopian federal courts 2 (25)Ethiopian revenue and customs
authority 1 (13)
Food institution 1 (13)Health center 2 (25)
International NGO 2 (25)Private work 4 (51)University 15 (190)
Selectingcandidate
CGPA 11 (139)Entrance exam 43 (544)Both 1 and 2 4 (51)
Others 4 (51)
Number ofracingcompanies
0ndash300 24 (304)400ndash600 20 (253)700ndash900 4 (51)1000+ 21 (266)Total 69 (873)
Missing data (none response) 10 (127)
e type oforganizationyou recruited
Federal 36 (456)Regional organization 15 (190)International NGO 5 (63)
Local NGO 1 (13)Private organization 5 (63)
Private work 2 (25)Missing data (none response) 15 (190)
10
08
06
04
02
00000 1000 2000 3000 4000
Cum
surv
ival
Survival functionCensored
Figure 1 Overall product limit estimate of the duration ofunemployed
4 Education Research International
Table 3 Duration of unemployment
VariableMeans and medians for survival time
CategoryMeana Median
Estimate Std error 95 confidence interval Estimate Std error 95 confidence interval
Year ofgraduation
2012 5938 0981 (4015 7860) 5000 0571 (3880 6120)2023 1280 6078 (0887 24713) 9000 3286 (2559 15441)2014 4714 0986 (2782 6646) 3000 0370 (2274 3726)2015 18966 2815 (13449 24482) 1200 4017 (4126 19874)2016 1160 264 (6427 16773) 5000 1288 (2475 7525)
Gender Female 2225 3583 (15227 29273) 3600 11390 (13675 58325)Male 9754 146 (6893 12615) 5000 0512 (3996 6004)
CGPA
20ndash225 11500 7128 (0000 25471) 3000 2500 (0000 7900)225ndash50 5667 2906 (0000 11362) 5000 3266 (0000 11401)250ndash275 10286 2397 (5588 14983) 8000 1309 (5434 10566)275ndash300 12000 2709 (6691 17309) 6000 0378 (5259 6741)300ndash325 19125 6540 (6307 31943) 3000 12021 (0000 26561)325ndash350 12286 3041 (6325 18246) 5000 0756 (3518 6482)350ndash375 11818 3085 (5772 17865) 6000 4404 (0000 14632)375ndash400 11500 8231 (0000 27633) 3000 2500 (0000 7900)Overall 12929 1527 (9935 15922) 6000 0365 (5284 6716)
(a) Estimation is limited to the largest survival time if it is censoredOverall comparisons
Variable Chi-squared df SigYear of graduation Log rank (MantelndashCox) 19758 4 0001lowast
Sex Log rank (MantelndashCox) 9122 1 0003lowastCGPA Log rank (MantelndashCox) 2434 7 0932
Table 4 Knowledge skills and personal attributes of graduates concerning their present occupation
Variables Not at all Very little Fair Adequately Very wellBrief explained to do work 4 (51) 6 (76) 26 (329) 29 (367) 9 (114)Express ideas in writing 2 (25) 2 (25) 29 (367) 30 (390) 14 (177)Read and speak English 10 (127) 11 (139) 24 (304) 18 (228) 11 (139)Knowledge of the field 3 (38) 6 (76) 18 (228) 37 (468) 119139)Knowledge-related work 7 (89) 9 (114) 17 (215) 27 (342) 14 (177)Relevant skills 3 (38) 7 (89) 25 (316) 26 (329) 14 (177)Understand different concept my own way 1 (13) 4 (51) 26 (329) 26 (329) 20 (253)Make decision by statistical techniques 0 (0) 4 (51) 21 (266) 31 (392) 20 (253)Basic skill of computer 0 (0) 3 (38) 16 (203) 33 (418) 24 (304)To solve and decision making problem 0 (0) 3 (38) 23 (291) 36 (456) 14 (177Review is based on the fact 0 (0) 4 (54) 23 (291) 31 (391) 18 (228)Provided research skills 1 (13) 2 (25) 22 (24) 24 (304) 25 (316)To work my colleagues in an effective 2 (25) 3 (38) 25 (316) 32 (405) 12 (152)Lead the people 2 (25) 6 (76) 32 (405) 22 (278) 12 (152)e ability to plan and organize project work 1 (13) 3 (38) 29 (367) 32 (405) 10 (127)To do my work on plane 2 (25) 3 (38) 26 (329) 30 (380) 14 (177)To do work properly 1 (13) 5 (63) 25 (316) 35 (443) 10 (127)To do work effectively and on time 1 (13) 6 (76) 24 (304) 34 (430) 9 (114)New way to do my work 1 (13) 11 (139) 32 (405) 26 (329) 6 (76)To using updating knowledge for work 1 (13) 12 (152) 28 (354) 21 (266) 13 (165)To take responsibility 1 (13) 7 (89) 26 (329) 34 (430) 9 (114)To acquire knowledge 2 (25) 5 (63) 30 (380) 29 (367) 10 (127)To improve my self-esteem 2 (25) 7 (89) 29 (367) 28 (354) 9 (114)Being open for improvement 1 (13) 1 (13) 26 (329) 35 (443) 14 (177)Understand social problem 3 (38) 3 (38) 19 (241) 34 (430) 16 (203)
One-sample test
Personal attributes
Test value 3
t df Sig (2-tailed) Mean difference 95 CILower Upper
1040 76 0000 062207 05029 07412
Education Research International 5
their study field and 434 said to have good communi-cation skill by way of the study field Almost all statisticsgraduates acquired knowledge and skill in Bahir Dar Uni-versity were good workers Regarding the rate of usefulnessof the field to work most of the graduates reported agreeand very agree is means that the study field was useful toperform well Table 5 shows the extent of the value of theacquired competencies skills and knowledge in the uni-versity in the occupation e data proved that their ac-quired knowledge and knowledge during their college lifewere highly useful and relevant to their present jobs andstatistically significant (Table 5)
As a result Table 6 indicates the rank of importance ofthe courses during a academics till their work e re-spondents rated from 1 up to 5 for the importance of prioreducation in the present job e major courses andresearch-related courses were assigned the first rank basedon the importance of their work 358 of graduatesassigned the major courses the first rank and 373 assignedresearch-related courses the first rank (Table 6) e tableshows that 1642 of graduates allocated the second rank formajor courses to their work importance 1642 the thirdrank for major courses 1343 the fourth rank for majorcourses and 1791 fifth for major courses
Statistics is one of the preferable departments at BahirDar University College of Science Of the graduates whoresponded 60 or 759 preferred to join the statistics de-partment and 19 or 241 were not interested to join thestatistics department Most of (595) graduates who agreedwith their education qualified in the department In this
study most graduates responded to have the quality ofeducation in the statistics department When the respondentwas asked about the knowledge of the teacher the majorityof respondents (69 (873)) were satisfied with the way oflecture and tutor methods
Quality of education is important for better learningoutcomes for the job and the delivery of education is one ofthe effective measurements of education quality A goodquality curriculum not only prescribes what should betaught and learnt in the various subjects and grade orstage levels e result indicates the quality of educationdelivery courses by major and common courses teacherse graduates rated that the major courses teachers de-livered in a better way compared to common coursesteachers 563 of graduates responded that the way ofdelivery of the course by major courses teachers was bettercompared to that of common courses teachers
4 Conclusion and Recommendation
is tracer study or graduate survey is a collaborative work ofthe college researchers from 6 departmentse projectrsquos outputis significant primarily to recognize and address the existingcurriculumrsquos strengths and weaknesses and its adequacy qualityand competencies of a graduate in the market us the aim ofthis study was to assess the employability and competency ofstatistics graduates e study revealed that 14 or 177 of wereunemployed among graduates of statistics and 65 or 823were employed Among employed graduates 658 werepermanent workers and the rest 165 graduates were
Table 5 Aid of the field to the job
Variables Very much disagree Disagree Partially agree Agree Very agreeTo be a hard worker 3 (38) 6 (76) 19 (241) 29 (367) 20 (253)To be good at work 0 (0) 7 (89) 266 (266) 342 (342) 278 (278)To be responsibility 3 (38) 6 (76) 17 (215) 34 (430) 18 (228)To be good citizen 8 (101) 8 (101) 26 (329) 25 (316) 11 (139)To be prosperity of my personal life 10 (127) 13 (165) 23 (291) 20 (253) 12 (152)To see different problem in my way 2 (25) 3 (38) 23 (291) 33 (418) 15 (190)To be have skills 1 (13) 3 (38) 26 (329) 33 (418) 15 (190)To develop my communication 3 (38) 2 (25) 22 (278) 34 (430) 17 (215)To be successful in my life 5 (63) 6 (76) 24 (304) 31 (392) 12 (152)
One-sample test
Producing qualified
Test value 3
t df Sig (2-tailed) Mean difference
95 confidenceinterval of thedifference
Lower Upper7248 77 0000 060862 04414 07758
Table 6 e importance of courses to their work
Variables 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
Major course 24 (3582) 11 (1642) 11 (1642) 9 (1343) 12 (1791)Common courses 12 (1791) 17 (2537) 13 (1940) 14 (2090) 11 (1642)Research course 25 (3731) 11 (1642) 11 (1642) 14 (2090) 6 (896)Lab 12 (1818) 10 (1515) 16 (2424) 14 (2121) 14 (2121)Senior project 13 (197) 9 (1364) 11 (1667) 14 (2121) 19 (2879)
6 Education Research International
temporary workers e mean duration of unemployment forstatistics graduates at Bahir Dar University was 12929months and their 95 confidence interval of mean durationof unemployed graduation was between 9935 and 15922months is studyrsquos findings indicate the strengths andweaknesses of the programmers offered by the Department ofstatistics Whereas some of the weaknesses were addressed bythe delivered courses teachers the department is creatingcollaboration with employer organization and identifyingtheir needs to look at a curriculum again in view of thesefindings and identifying areas that can still be strengthened Aconsiderably high percentage of respondents are employed ina government organization eir present job mostly pro-fessional in nature was also their first job and relevant to theirdegree It took only a moderate period for most graduates toland a jobe study revealed that there was a high percentageof unemployed graduates e department should make alinkage with different governmental organizations andNGOsis may improve the employability of statistics graduatese BDUmust continually aspire for graduates to be providedwith relevancy and effectiveness of work to escalate theiremployment
Abbreviations
KM KaplanndashMeierBDU Bahir Dar UniversityCGPA Cumulative grade points averageNGO Nongovernmental organizationsTVET Technical and vocational education and trainingUNDP United Nations Development Program
Data Availability
e data used to support the findings of this study areavailable from the corresponding author upon request
Additional Points
Definition A tracer study or graduate survey is a survey (inwritten or oral form) of graduates from educational in-stitutions which takes place sometime after graduation or theend of the training e subjects of a tracer study can bemanifold but common topics include questions on studyprogress the transition to work work entrance job career useof learned competencies current occupation and bonds tothe education institution (school center and university) [10]
Ethical Approval
is investigation was conducted according to the principlesexpressed in the Declaration of Bahir Dar UniversityEthiopia It was approved by the research ethics committeeat the Bahir Dar University
Consent
All participants that agreed to participate in this study havesigned a consent form
Conflicts of Interest
e author declares that there are no conflicts of interest
References
[1] A B Bingbing ldquoTracer study of BS in Information Technology(BSIT) graduates of Camarines Sur Polytechnic CollegesNabua Camarines Sur from 2004 to 2010rdquo Asia PacificJournal of Multidisciplinary Research vol 2 no 4 pp 26ndash302014
[2] H Schomburg Handbook for Tracer Studies Centre for Re-search on Higher Education and Work University of KasselKassel Germany July 2003
[3] A B Aquino E J Punongbayan L P MacalaguimS M Bauyon R A Rodriguez and G R Quizon ldquoTeachereducation graduate tracer study from 2010 to 2014 in OneState University in Batangas Philippinesrdquo Asia Pacific Journalof Multidisciplinary Research vol 3 no 35 pp 45ndash50 2015
[4] C T Nengomasha and E R T Chiware Report on a TracerStudy of the Graduates of the Department of Information andCommunication Studies June 2015 University of NamibiaWindhoek Namibia 2009
[5] F Henard and S Leprince-Ringuet ldquoe path to qualityteaching in Higher Educationrdquo in Programme on InstitutionalManagement in Higher EducationOctober 2007 pp 1ndash50Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentParis France 2008
[6] HEIs Challenges Facing Ethiopian Higher Education WENRNew York NY USA 2018
[7] D R Cox Analysis of Survival Data Routledge AbingdonUK 2018
[8] R T Kellogg ldquoEffectiveness of prewriting strategies as afunction of task demandsrdquo American Journal of Psychologyvol 103 no 3 pp 327ndash342 2018
[9] L Ejigu ldquoCharacteristics and determinants of youth un-employment in Ethiopiardquo Ethiopian Journal of DevelopmentResearch vol 33 no 1 2011
[10] H Schomburg Carrying Out Tracer Studies a Guide to An-ticipating and Matching Skills and Job Publications Office ofthe European Union Vol 6 Publications Office of the Eu-ropean Union Luxembourg 2016
[11] W Tamrat Graduate Employability-Whose ResponsibilityUniversity World News London UK 2018
Education Research International 7
Child Development Research
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Education Research International
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Psychiatry Journal
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Pathology Research International
Alzheimerrsquos DiseaseHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
International Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Research and TreatmentSchizophrenia
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Urban Studies Research
Population ResearchInternational Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Parkinsonrsquos Disease
Aging ResearchJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
NursingResearch and Practice
Current Gerontologyamp Geriatrics Research
Hindawiwwwhindawicom
Volume 2018
Sleep DisordersHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
AddictionJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Depression Research and TreatmentHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
PainResearch and Management
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Research and TreatmentAutism
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Behavioural Neurology
Biomedical EducationJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom
curricula being abandoned due to various reasons e rapidgrowth of Ethiopiarsquos higher education system has come at acost but it is moving forward all the same Even though thenumber of universities has increased offering many pro-grams in Ethiopia there is a problem of imbalance betweenthe number of graduates and employment in different in-stitutions It is also not known to what extent graduatesrsquocompetence goes in line with the demands of the employerserefore to make the curriculum of each program re-sponsive to the demand for potential employers conductingthis research has become a necessity for the departmentus this study was to assess the employability and com-petency of statistics graduates focusing on the years 2012 to2016 at Bahir Dar University
2 Methodology
e study population consisted of the sample a statisticsgraduates between 2012 and 1216 years e data were col-lected using online questioners (httpsdocsgooglecomformsde1FAIpQLSc0xZjCp_kJUNV7bL6YHSp8inTCizA_D9AMhSLfkpKtbbw_lAviewformuspsf_link) and the In-ternet access not availed the data were collected structuredquestionnaire form offered to graduates in work and live placeof the graduatese sample size was calculated using EPI Infoconsidering the following assumptione expected frequencyof graduates employability in Ethiopia was 80 [11] 95 CIand 76 acceptable margin of error and the entire numberof study participants was 79 Based on a cross-sectional studythe data was conducted March to June 2018 in Ethiopia
21 StudyVariable edependent variable for this study wasthe employability of graduates (employed and unemployed)Employed graduates graduates who are employed full-timeor part-time during a specified payroll period unemployedstatistics graduates who do not have a job Demographiceducation status and the region of their graduates and res-idence area were independent variables of this study
22 Data Analysis e data gathered were tallied analyzedand interpreted Frequency ranking mean and t-test used todescribe the typicality of responses is study used aKaplanndashMeier estimate to compare the duration unemployedtimes from two or more groups To assess whether there is areal difference between groups we used Log-rank test [7]
23 KaplanndashMeier Estimator of S(t) e KM estimator issimple and intuitive S(t) proportion of observations withfailure times gt t When there are censored data KM providesan estimate of S(t) that takes censoring into account
KM estimator is defined only at times when eventsoccur [8]
K unemployed duration t1 lt tj lt middot middot middot lt tk (1)
At each employed duration tj there are nj individualsunemployed and dj is the number of graduates employed attime tj
S(t) 1113945jtjlet
1minusdj
nj
1113890 1113891 (2)
3 Results and Discussion
ree hundred three people studying statistics were grad-uated on the period between 2012 and 2016 at Bahir DarUniversity Ethiopia Of these 79 of graduates were enrolledin this study From those included in this study 14 or 177were unemployed and 65 or 823 were employed About20 or 253 of graduates included in this study were femaleof which 400 were unemployed and 59 or 791 weremale of which 102 were unemployed e percent ofunemployed female statistics graduates at Bahir Dar Uni-versity was higher than that of male graduates 59 or 746 ofgraduates were from the Amhara region Out of thesegraduates 203 of graduates were unemployed in theAmhara region and the remaining 105 were unemployedin other regions e rate of the unemployed of Amhararegion was higher than that of any other region in Ethiopiae mean age of graduates was 2619 years with 185standard deviations 734 of graduates preferred to joinBahir Dar University and 253 were not preferred to jointhe university
Of the employed graduates stated in Table 1 658 werepermanent workers and the rest 165 of graduates weretemporary workers For employed graduates 595 theirwork directly aligns the study of the field and 241 of thegraduates doing work not directly align the study of the field(Table 2) From the total of 79 respondents 16 (203) 5(63) 14 (177) 20 (367) and 15 (19) were in the 2012year in the 2013 year in the 2014 year in the 2015 year andin the 2016 year of statistics graduates respectively Allstatistics graduates from 2012 to 2014 years were employedIn the 2015 year of statistics graduates 724 were employedand 276 were unemployed 40 of statisticians were un-employed in the 2016 year graduates e unemployedstatistics graduate increase year to year
241 of the graduatesrsquo gross income was between 5001and 8000 Ethiopian Birr per month 215 graduate theirincome was between 2001 and 3000 Birr per month 121 ofthe graduates earn income 3001ndash4000 Birr per month and101 of the graduates earn monthly 4001 to 5000 Birr permonth e government sector (a federal and regionalgovernment organization) was the main employer of sta-tistics graduates (Table 2) 36 or 456 of the graduates wereemployed in the federal government organization and 15 or198 of statisticians are workers of the regional governmentsector Five or 63 of graduates were employed in theinternational NGO and one percent graduate has work inlocal NGO Five or 63 and 2 or 25 of graduates wereworked in the private sector and private work respectivelye other graduates were not employed did not indicatewhere they worked and it was not the permanent worksector Table 2 shows the results of some worker sectors ofstatistics graduates and employment More than half (544)of the graduates obtained their first job by examining the
2 Education Research International
organization entrance exam and 139 of graduate acquiredtheir first job by university cumulative grade point 51 ofgraduate acquired their first job by cumulative grade pointaverage and organization entrance exam Other graduatesstart their first job by direct contact with the company orthrough a friendrsquos recommendation (Table 2)
e graduates included in this study 65 (823) wereemployed and 14 (177) were unemployed at data collectedtime (June 2018) e length of the job search for statisticsgraduates was a minimum of 1-month duration and amaximum of 36-month duration Figure 1 shows that theprobability of the unemployment rate was high in the firstmonths which relatively decreases when the duration ofgraduate increases e mean duration of unemployment instatistics graduates at Bahir Dar University was 12929months and the 95 confidence interval of mean duration ofunemployed was between 9935 and 15922 months And themedian of unemployed statistics graduates was 6 monthsand the 95 confidence interval was between 5284 and6716 e mean duration of time unemployed of male andfemale for statistics graduates was 22250 and 9754 monthsrespectively e average duration of time for the un-employed female graduates was higher than male graduatese mean duration of unemployed statistics graduates was5667 months for cumulative grade point average (CGPA)between 225 and 250 Grouped cumulative grade pointaverage (CGPA) of graduates and the duration of
unemployed were statistically insignificant based on log-rank test (Table 3) is means grouped cumulative gradepoint average has no effect on the duration of un-employment among statistics graduates
Table 3 displays the length of job search among statisticsgraduates from 2012 up to 2016 from Bahir Dar UniversityStatistics graduates of 2012 and 2014 years were unemployedup to six months after graduation whereas graduates of 2013and 2016 years were unemployed up to one year aftergraduation 18966months were taken to get a job for statisticsgraduates in the 2015 year is implies that the majority ofstatistics graduates are able to secure jobs within a year periodand the responsiveness of the labor market to accommodategraduates as fast as possible as well is is also considered aslong-term unemployment among graduates Basically long-term unemployment indicates poverty Poverty makes itdifficult to make investments in education and health thatwould increase a personrsquos productivity [9] Long-term un-employment has a number of socioeconomic political andmoral consequences (UNDP 2006) It reflects the failure tomake use of an important factor of production labor forfostering economic growth (UNDP 2006) Besides un-employment results with different crises for instance inEthiopia structural unemployment and widespread povertywere believed to be the basis for the riots and violent dem-onstrations by youths and unemployed graduates in AddisAbaba in April 2001 upsetting the seemingly peaceful and
Table 1 e graduate employability
Characteristics CategoryEmployability Chi-squared
Unemployed Employed Value P value
Year of graduation
2012 0 (00) 16 (100)
1458 0006
2013 0 (00) 5 (100)2014 0 (00) 14 (100)2015 8 (276) 21 (724)2016 6 (40) 9 (60)Total 14 (177) 65 (823)
Gender of graduation Female 8 (400) 12 (600) 911 0003Male 6 (102) 53 (898)
Region where graduate lives Amhara region 12 (203) 47 (797)Other 2 (105) 17 (895)
Types of job searching methods
Public media 13 (206) 50 (794)
2144 0709Direct contact with employer 0 (00) 4 (1000)
From individuals 0 (00) 2 (1000)Internet or websites 1 (111) 8 (889)
Others 0 (00) 1 (1000)
Education status of father
Illiterate 7 (171) 34 (829)
1462 0833Grade 1 to 8 5 (192) 21 (808)Grade 9 to 12 0 (00) 3 (1000)
TVET 0 (00) 1 (1000)Higher education 2 (286) 5 (714)
Education status of father
Illiterate 9 (167) 4 (5833)
7401 0116Grade 1 to 8 2 (200) 8 (800)Grade 9 to 12 0 (00) 9 (1000)
TVET 2 (667) 1 (333)Higher education 0 (00) 1 (1000)
Looking for a job Before graduation 1 (333) 2 (667) 0501 0479After graduation 13 (173) 62 (827)
Education Research International 3
stable political situatione incident resulted inmany deathsand destruction of property worth millions of dollars [9]
In Table 3 the P value shows that the duration of theunemployment in different years of graduates and gender ofgraduates were statistically significant eir difference isstatistically significant at the 95 level of significance by log-rank test is means the hazard of time unemployed for adifferent year of graduation and gender of graduates arestatistically significant
Table 4 presents the knowledge skills and personalattributes of graduates which were requirements for theirprofessional Table 4 shows the course was taken at uni-versity while they were working Most of the graduates had
agreed that the statistics courses were given at the universitywhere they applied for the job One-sample t-test displayedin Table 4 showed the courses provided at the universitywere statistically important for their work is means thatthe graduates responded to the courses taken at universityqualified for doing work e details of each measurementthat is used to qualify their work are given in Table 4Graduates also believed that the courses offered by thedepartment is capable of demonstrating conceptualknowledge and specific technical skills related to their workperformed in a better way
Most of the graduates thought that they possessed basiccomputing skills and that related technologies are necessaryto perform their tasks For participating in the study only3 (38) of graduates reported lack of computer skills16 (203) 33 (418) and 24 (304) of statisticians toldhave fair adequately and very good computer skills re-spectively e acquired computer skills from the universitywere important for their work
e use of qualitative and quantitative information tosolve problems and assess the validity of the conclusion isdiscussed here e graduates supposed that the coursesoffered the by the department were skillful e researchskills for graduates were adequate or better (Table 4) egraduates believed that to have adequate or better forplanning and organization skills priority setting skills andperforming tasks accurately (Table 4) e graduates whoreported the employability skills namely to solve thedecision-making problem to review based on the fact toprovide research skills and to work with the colleagues in aneffective manner were competent However competence onreading and speak English briefly explained to do workexpress ideas in writing knowledge of the field andknowledge-related work was rated moderate Moreover itwas presented also in this study that same group of em-ployees demonstrated a satisfactory contextual performanceIn general the knowledge skills and personal attributes ofstatistics graduates were found to be better
e graduate reported in Table 5 that their study fieldhelps them to do work e great number of graduates ratethat the study filed stated in Table 5 aids to perform goodwork e benefit of the study field to do work was statisticalsignificance based on one-sample t-test (see one-sample t-test) 367 of graduates believed to be a hard worker by
Table 2 Employed characteristics
Variables Category FrequencyEmployabilityof graduate
Employees 65 (823)Nonemployees 14 (177)
Type of work Permanent 52 (658)Temporary 13 (165)
Study-relatedwork
Unrelated 19 (241)Related 47 (595)
Salary ofgraduate permonth
2001ndash3000 birr 17 (215)3001ndash4000 birr 10 (127)4001ndash5000 birr 8 (101)5001ndash8000 birr 19 (241)
More than 8000 birr 11 (139)
Employerorganizationname
Missing data (nonresponse) 28 (354)Administration office 6 (165)
Bank 5 (63)Central statistical agency 5 (63)
Economy and development center 2 (25)Education office 3 (38)Ethiopia airport 3 (38)
Ethiopian federal courts 2 (25)Ethiopian revenue and customs
authority 1 (13)
Food institution 1 (13)Health center 2 (25)
International NGO 2 (25)Private work 4 (51)University 15 (190)
Selectingcandidate
CGPA 11 (139)Entrance exam 43 (544)Both 1 and 2 4 (51)
Others 4 (51)
Number ofracingcompanies
0ndash300 24 (304)400ndash600 20 (253)700ndash900 4 (51)1000+ 21 (266)Total 69 (873)
Missing data (none response) 10 (127)
e type oforganizationyou recruited
Federal 36 (456)Regional organization 15 (190)International NGO 5 (63)
Local NGO 1 (13)Private organization 5 (63)
Private work 2 (25)Missing data (none response) 15 (190)
10
08
06
04
02
00000 1000 2000 3000 4000
Cum
surv
ival
Survival functionCensored
Figure 1 Overall product limit estimate of the duration ofunemployed
4 Education Research International
Table 3 Duration of unemployment
VariableMeans and medians for survival time
CategoryMeana Median
Estimate Std error 95 confidence interval Estimate Std error 95 confidence interval
Year ofgraduation
2012 5938 0981 (4015 7860) 5000 0571 (3880 6120)2023 1280 6078 (0887 24713) 9000 3286 (2559 15441)2014 4714 0986 (2782 6646) 3000 0370 (2274 3726)2015 18966 2815 (13449 24482) 1200 4017 (4126 19874)2016 1160 264 (6427 16773) 5000 1288 (2475 7525)
Gender Female 2225 3583 (15227 29273) 3600 11390 (13675 58325)Male 9754 146 (6893 12615) 5000 0512 (3996 6004)
CGPA
20ndash225 11500 7128 (0000 25471) 3000 2500 (0000 7900)225ndash50 5667 2906 (0000 11362) 5000 3266 (0000 11401)250ndash275 10286 2397 (5588 14983) 8000 1309 (5434 10566)275ndash300 12000 2709 (6691 17309) 6000 0378 (5259 6741)300ndash325 19125 6540 (6307 31943) 3000 12021 (0000 26561)325ndash350 12286 3041 (6325 18246) 5000 0756 (3518 6482)350ndash375 11818 3085 (5772 17865) 6000 4404 (0000 14632)375ndash400 11500 8231 (0000 27633) 3000 2500 (0000 7900)Overall 12929 1527 (9935 15922) 6000 0365 (5284 6716)
(a) Estimation is limited to the largest survival time if it is censoredOverall comparisons
Variable Chi-squared df SigYear of graduation Log rank (MantelndashCox) 19758 4 0001lowast
Sex Log rank (MantelndashCox) 9122 1 0003lowastCGPA Log rank (MantelndashCox) 2434 7 0932
Table 4 Knowledge skills and personal attributes of graduates concerning their present occupation
Variables Not at all Very little Fair Adequately Very wellBrief explained to do work 4 (51) 6 (76) 26 (329) 29 (367) 9 (114)Express ideas in writing 2 (25) 2 (25) 29 (367) 30 (390) 14 (177)Read and speak English 10 (127) 11 (139) 24 (304) 18 (228) 11 (139)Knowledge of the field 3 (38) 6 (76) 18 (228) 37 (468) 119139)Knowledge-related work 7 (89) 9 (114) 17 (215) 27 (342) 14 (177)Relevant skills 3 (38) 7 (89) 25 (316) 26 (329) 14 (177)Understand different concept my own way 1 (13) 4 (51) 26 (329) 26 (329) 20 (253)Make decision by statistical techniques 0 (0) 4 (51) 21 (266) 31 (392) 20 (253)Basic skill of computer 0 (0) 3 (38) 16 (203) 33 (418) 24 (304)To solve and decision making problem 0 (0) 3 (38) 23 (291) 36 (456) 14 (177Review is based on the fact 0 (0) 4 (54) 23 (291) 31 (391) 18 (228)Provided research skills 1 (13) 2 (25) 22 (24) 24 (304) 25 (316)To work my colleagues in an effective 2 (25) 3 (38) 25 (316) 32 (405) 12 (152)Lead the people 2 (25) 6 (76) 32 (405) 22 (278) 12 (152)e ability to plan and organize project work 1 (13) 3 (38) 29 (367) 32 (405) 10 (127)To do my work on plane 2 (25) 3 (38) 26 (329) 30 (380) 14 (177)To do work properly 1 (13) 5 (63) 25 (316) 35 (443) 10 (127)To do work effectively and on time 1 (13) 6 (76) 24 (304) 34 (430) 9 (114)New way to do my work 1 (13) 11 (139) 32 (405) 26 (329) 6 (76)To using updating knowledge for work 1 (13) 12 (152) 28 (354) 21 (266) 13 (165)To take responsibility 1 (13) 7 (89) 26 (329) 34 (430) 9 (114)To acquire knowledge 2 (25) 5 (63) 30 (380) 29 (367) 10 (127)To improve my self-esteem 2 (25) 7 (89) 29 (367) 28 (354) 9 (114)Being open for improvement 1 (13) 1 (13) 26 (329) 35 (443) 14 (177)Understand social problem 3 (38) 3 (38) 19 (241) 34 (430) 16 (203)
One-sample test
Personal attributes
Test value 3
t df Sig (2-tailed) Mean difference 95 CILower Upper
1040 76 0000 062207 05029 07412
Education Research International 5
their study field and 434 said to have good communi-cation skill by way of the study field Almost all statisticsgraduates acquired knowledge and skill in Bahir Dar Uni-versity were good workers Regarding the rate of usefulnessof the field to work most of the graduates reported agreeand very agree is means that the study field was useful toperform well Table 5 shows the extent of the value of theacquired competencies skills and knowledge in the uni-versity in the occupation e data proved that their ac-quired knowledge and knowledge during their college lifewere highly useful and relevant to their present jobs andstatistically significant (Table 5)
As a result Table 6 indicates the rank of importance ofthe courses during a academics till their work e re-spondents rated from 1 up to 5 for the importance of prioreducation in the present job e major courses andresearch-related courses were assigned the first rank basedon the importance of their work 358 of graduatesassigned the major courses the first rank and 373 assignedresearch-related courses the first rank (Table 6) e tableshows that 1642 of graduates allocated the second rank formajor courses to their work importance 1642 the thirdrank for major courses 1343 the fourth rank for majorcourses and 1791 fifth for major courses
Statistics is one of the preferable departments at BahirDar University College of Science Of the graduates whoresponded 60 or 759 preferred to join the statistics de-partment and 19 or 241 were not interested to join thestatistics department Most of (595) graduates who agreedwith their education qualified in the department In this
study most graduates responded to have the quality ofeducation in the statistics department When the respondentwas asked about the knowledge of the teacher the majorityof respondents (69 (873)) were satisfied with the way oflecture and tutor methods
Quality of education is important for better learningoutcomes for the job and the delivery of education is one ofthe effective measurements of education quality A goodquality curriculum not only prescribes what should betaught and learnt in the various subjects and grade orstage levels e result indicates the quality of educationdelivery courses by major and common courses teacherse graduates rated that the major courses teachers de-livered in a better way compared to common coursesteachers 563 of graduates responded that the way ofdelivery of the course by major courses teachers was bettercompared to that of common courses teachers
4 Conclusion and Recommendation
is tracer study or graduate survey is a collaborative work ofthe college researchers from 6 departmentse projectrsquos outputis significant primarily to recognize and address the existingcurriculumrsquos strengths and weaknesses and its adequacy qualityand competencies of a graduate in the market us the aim ofthis study was to assess the employability and competency ofstatistics graduates e study revealed that 14 or 177 of wereunemployed among graduates of statistics and 65 or 823were employed Among employed graduates 658 werepermanent workers and the rest 165 graduates were
Table 5 Aid of the field to the job
Variables Very much disagree Disagree Partially agree Agree Very agreeTo be a hard worker 3 (38) 6 (76) 19 (241) 29 (367) 20 (253)To be good at work 0 (0) 7 (89) 266 (266) 342 (342) 278 (278)To be responsibility 3 (38) 6 (76) 17 (215) 34 (430) 18 (228)To be good citizen 8 (101) 8 (101) 26 (329) 25 (316) 11 (139)To be prosperity of my personal life 10 (127) 13 (165) 23 (291) 20 (253) 12 (152)To see different problem in my way 2 (25) 3 (38) 23 (291) 33 (418) 15 (190)To be have skills 1 (13) 3 (38) 26 (329) 33 (418) 15 (190)To develop my communication 3 (38) 2 (25) 22 (278) 34 (430) 17 (215)To be successful in my life 5 (63) 6 (76) 24 (304) 31 (392) 12 (152)
One-sample test
Producing qualified
Test value 3
t df Sig (2-tailed) Mean difference
95 confidenceinterval of thedifference
Lower Upper7248 77 0000 060862 04414 07758
Table 6 e importance of courses to their work
Variables 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
Major course 24 (3582) 11 (1642) 11 (1642) 9 (1343) 12 (1791)Common courses 12 (1791) 17 (2537) 13 (1940) 14 (2090) 11 (1642)Research course 25 (3731) 11 (1642) 11 (1642) 14 (2090) 6 (896)Lab 12 (1818) 10 (1515) 16 (2424) 14 (2121) 14 (2121)Senior project 13 (197) 9 (1364) 11 (1667) 14 (2121) 19 (2879)
6 Education Research International
temporary workers e mean duration of unemployment forstatistics graduates at Bahir Dar University was 12929months and their 95 confidence interval of mean durationof unemployed graduation was between 9935 and 15922months is studyrsquos findings indicate the strengths andweaknesses of the programmers offered by the Department ofstatistics Whereas some of the weaknesses were addressed bythe delivered courses teachers the department is creatingcollaboration with employer organization and identifyingtheir needs to look at a curriculum again in view of thesefindings and identifying areas that can still be strengthened Aconsiderably high percentage of respondents are employed ina government organization eir present job mostly pro-fessional in nature was also their first job and relevant to theirdegree It took only a moderate period for most graduates toland a jobe study revealed that there was a high percentageof unemployed graduates e department should make alinkage with different governmental organizations andNGOsis may improve the employability of statistics graduatese BDUmust continually aspire for graduates to be providedwith relevancy and effectiveness of work to escalate theiremployment
Abbreviations
KM KaplanndashMeierBDU Bahir Dar UniversityCGPA Cumulative grade points averageNGO Nongovernmental organizationsTVET Technical and vocational education and trainingUNDP United Nations Development Program
Data Availability
e data used to support the findings of this study areavailable from the corresponding author upon request
Additional Points
Definition A tracer study or graduate survey is a survey (inwritten or oral form) of graduates from educational in-stitutions which takes place sometime after graduation or theend of the training e subjects of a tracer study can bemanifold but common topics include questions on studyprogress the transition to work work entrance job career useof learned competencies current occupation and bonds tothe education institution (school center and university) [10]
Ethical Approval
is investigation was conducted according to the principlesexpressed in the Declaration of Bahir Dar UniversityEthiopia It was approved by the research ethics committeeat the Bahir Dar University
Consent
All participants that agreed to participate in this study havesigned a consent form
Conflicts of Interest
e author declares that there are no conflicts of interest
References
[1] A B Bingbing ldquoTracer study of BS in Information Technology(BSIT) graduates of Camarines Sur Polytechnic CollegesNabua Camarines Sur from 2004 to 2010rdquo Asia PacificJournal of Multidisciplinary Research vol 2 no 4 pp 26ndash302014
[2] H Schomburg Handbook for Tracer Studies Centre for Re-search on Higher Education and Work University of KasselKassel Germany July 2003
[3] A B Aquino E J Punongbayan L P MacalaguimS M Bauyon R A Rodriguez and G R Quizon ldquoTeachereducation graduate tracer study from 2010 to 2014 in OneState University in Batangas Philippinesrdquo Asia Pacific Journalof Multidisciplinary Research vol 3 no 35 pp 45ndash50 2015
[4] C T Nengomasha and E R T Chiware Report on a TracerStudy of the Graduates of the Department of Information andCommunication Studies June 2015 University of NamibiaWindhoek Namibia 2009
[5] F Henard and S Leprince-Ringuet ldquoe path to qualityteaching in Higher Educationrdquo in Programme on InstitutionalManagement in Higher EducationOctober 2007 pp 1ndash50Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentParis France 2008
[6] HEIs Challenges Facing Ethiopian Higher Education WENRNew York NY USA 2018
[7] D R Cox Analysis of Survival Data Routledge AbingdonUK 2018
[8] R T Kellogg ldquoEffectiveness of prewriting strategies as afunction of task demandsrdquo American Journal of Psychologyvol 103 no 3 pp 327ndash342 2018
[9] L Ejigu ldquoCharacteristics and determinants of youth un-employment in Ethiopiardquo Ethiopian Journal of DevelopmentResearch vol 33 no 1 2011
[10] H Schomburg Carrying Out Tracer Studies a Guide to An-ticipating and Matching Skills and Job Publications Office ofthe European Union Vol 6 Publications Office of the Eu-ropean Union Luxembourg 2016
[11] W Tamrat Graduate Employability-Whose ResponsibilityUniversity World News London UK 2018
Education Research International 7
Child Development Research
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Education Research International
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Psychiatry Journal
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Pathology Research International
Alzheimerrsquos DiseaseHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
International Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Research and TreatmentSchizophrenia
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Urban Studies Research
Population ResearchInternational Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Parkinsonrsquos Disease
Aging ResearchJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
NursingResearch and Practice
Current Gerontologyamp Geriatrics Research
Hindawiwwwhindawicom
Volume 2018
Sleep DisordersHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
AddictionJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Depression Research and TreatmentHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
PainResearch and Management
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Research and TreatmentAutism
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Behavioural Neurology
Biomedical EducationJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom
organization entrance exam and 139 of graduate acquiredtheir first job by university cumulative grade point 51 ofgraduate acquired their first job by cumulative grade pointaverage and organization entrance exam Other graduatesstart their first job by direct contact with the company orthrough a friendrsquos recommendation (Table 2)
e graduates included in this study 65 (823) wereemployed and 14 (177) were unemployed at data collectedtime (June 2018) e length of the job search for statisticsgraduates was a minimum of 1-month duration and amaximum of 36-month duration Figure 1 shows that theprobability of the unemployment rate was high in the firstmonths which relatively decreases when the duration ofgraduate increases e mean duration of unemployment instatistics graduates at Bahir Dar University was 12929months and the 95 confidence interval of mean duration ofunemployed was between 9935 and 15922 months And themedian of unemployed statistics graduates was 6 monthsand the 95 confidence interval was between 5284 and6716 e mean duration of time unemployed of male andfemale for statistics graduates was 22250 and 9754 monthsrespectively e average duration of time for the un-employed female graduates was higher than male graduatese mean duration of unemployed statistics graduates was5667 months for cumulative grade point average (CGPA)between 225 and 250 Grouped cumulative grade pointaverage (CGPA) of graduates and the duration of
unemployed were statistically insignificant based on log-rank test (Table 3) is means grouped cumulative gradepoint average has no effect on the duration of un-employment among statistics graduates
Table 3 displays the length of job search among statisticsgraduates from 2012 up to 2016 from Bahir Dar UniversityStatistics graduates of 2012 and 2014 years were unemployedup to six months after graduation whereas graduates of 2013and 2016 years were unemployed up to one year aftergraduation 18966months were taken to get a job for statisticsgraduates in the 2015 year is implies that the majority ofstatistics graduates are able to secure jobs within a year periodand the responsiveness of the labor market to accommodategraduates as fast as possible as well is is also considered aslong-term unemployment among graduates Basically long-term unemployment indicates poverty Poverty makes itdifficult to make investments in education and health thatwould increase a personrsquos productivity [9] Long-term un-employment has a number of socioeconomic political andmoral consequences (UNDP 2006) It reflects the failure tomake use of an important factor of production labor forfostering economic growth (UNDP 2006) Besides un-employment results with different crises for instance inEthiopia structural unemployment and widespread povertywere believed to be the basis for the riots and violent dem-onstrations by youths and unemployed graduates in AddisAbaba in April 2001 upsetting the seemingly peaceful and
Table 1 e graduate employability
Characteristics CategoryEmployability Chi-squared
Unemployed Employed Value P value
Year of graduation
2012 0 (00) 16 (100)
1458 0006
2013 0 (00) 5 (100)2014 0 (00) 14 (100)2015 8 (276) 21 (724)2016 6 (40) 9 (60)Total 14 (177) 65 (823)
Gender of graduation Female 8 (400) 12 (600) 911 0003Male 6 (102) 53 (898)
Region where graduate lives Amhara region 12 (203) 47 (797)Other 2 (105) 17 (895)
Types of job searching methods
Public media 13 (206) 50 (794)
2144 0709Direct contact with employer 0 (00) 4 (1000)
From individuals 0 (00) 2 (1000)Internet or websites 1 (111) 8 (889)
Others 0 (00) 1 (1000)
Education status of father
Illiterate 7 (171) 34 (829)
1462 0833Grade 1 to 8 5 (192) 21 (808)Grade 9 to 12 0 (00) 3 (1000)
TVET 0 (00) 1 (1000)Higher education 2 (286) 5 (714)
Education status of father
Illiterate 9 (167) 4 (5833)
7401 0116Grade 1 to 8 2 (200) 8 (800)Grade 9 to 12 0 (00) 9 (1000)
TVET 2 (667) 1 (333)Higher education 0 (00) 1 (1000)
Looking for a job Before graduation 1 (333) 2 (667) 0501 0479After graduation 13 (173) 62 (827)
Education Research International 3
stable political situatione incident resulted inmany deathsand destruction of property worth millions of dollars [9]
In Table 3 the P value shows that the duration of theunemployment in different years of graduates and gender ofgraduates were statistically significant eir difference isstatistically significant at the 95 level of significance by log-rank test is means the hazard of time unemployed for adifferent year of graduation and gender of graduates arestatistically significant
Table 4 presents the knowledge skills and personalattributes of graduates which were requirements for theirprofessional Table 4 shows the course was taken at uni-versity while they were working Most of the graduates had
agreed that the statistics courses were given at the universitywhere they applied for the job One-sample t-test displayedin Table 4 showed the courses provided at the universitywere statistically important for their work is means thatthe graduates responded to the courses taken at universityqualified for doing work e details of each measurementthat is used to qualify their work are given in Table 4Graduates also believed that the courses offered by thedepartment is capable of demonstrating conceptualknowledge and specific technical skills related to their workperformed in a better way
Most of the graduates thought that they possessed basiccomputing skills and that related technologies are necessaryto perform their tasks For participating in the study only3 (38) of graduates reported lack of computer skills16 (203) 33 (418) and 24 (304) of statisticians toldhave fair adequately and very good computer skills re-spectively e acquired computer skills from the universitywere important for their work
e use of qualitative and quantitative information tosolve problems and assess the validity of the conclusion isdiscussed here e graduates supposed that the coursesoffered the by the department were skillful e researchskills for graduates were adequate or better (Table 4) egraduates believed that to have adequate or better forplanning and organization skills priority setting skills andperforming tasks accurately (Table 4) e graduates whoreported the employability skills namely to solve thedecision-making problem to review based on the fact toprovide research skills and to work with the colleagues in aneffective manner were competent However competence onreading and speak English briefly explained to do workexpress ideas in writing knowledge of the field andknowledge-related work was rated moderate Moreover itwas presented also in this study that same group of em-ployees demonstrated a satisfactory contextual performanceIn general the knowledge skills and personal attributes ofstatistics graduates were found to be better
e graduate reported in Table 5 that their study fieldhelps them to do work e great number of graduates ratethat the study filed stated in Table 5 aids to perform goodwork e benefit of the study field to do work was statisticalsignificance based on one-sample t-test (see one-sample t-test) 367 of graduates believed to be a hard worker by
Table 2 Employed characteristics
Variables Category FrequencyEmployabilityof graduate
Employees 65 (823)Nonemployees 14 (177)
Type of work Permanent 52 (658)Temporary 13 (165)
Study-relatedwork
Unrelated 19 (241)Related 47 (595)
Salary ofgraduate permonth
2001ndash3000 birr 17 (215)3001ndash4000 birr 10 (127)4001ndash5000 birr 8 (101)5001ndash8000 birr 19 (241)
More than 8000 birr 11 (139)
Employerorganizationname
Missing data (nonresponse) 28 (354)Administration office 6 (165)
Bank 5 (63)Central statistical agency 5 (63)
Economy and development center 2 (25)Education office 3 (38)Ethiopia airport 3 (38)
Ethiopian federal courts 2 (25)Ethiopian revenue and customs
authority 1 (13)
Food institution 1 (13)Health center 2 (25)
International NGO 2 (25)Private work 4 (51)University 15 (190)
Selectingcandidate
CGPA 11 (139)Entrance exam 43 (544)Both 1 and 2 4 (51)
Others 4 (51)
Number ofracingcompanies
0ndash300 24 (304)400ndash600 20 (253)700ndash900 4 (51)1000+ 21 (266)Total 69 (873)
Missing data (none response) 10 (127)
e type oforganizationyou recruited
Federal 36 (456)Regional organization 15 (190)International NGO 5 (63)
Local NGO 1 (13)Private organization 5 (63)
Private work 2 (25)Missing data (none response) 15 (190)
10
08
06
04
02
00000 1000 2000 3000 4000
Cum
surv
ival
Survival functionCensored
Figure 1 Overall product limit estimate of the duration ofunemployed
4 Education Research International
Table 3 Duration of unemployment
VariableMeans and medians for survival time
CategoryMeana Median
Estimate Std error 95 confidence interval Estimate Std error 95 confidence interval
Year ofgraduation
2012 5938 0981 (4015 7860) 5000 0571 (3880 6120)2023 1280 6078 (0887 24713) 9000 3286 (2559 15441)2014 4714 0986 (2782 6646) 3000 0370 (2274 3726)2015 18966 2815 (13449 24482) 1200 4017 (4126 19874)2016 1160 264 (6427 16773) 5000 1288 (2475 7525)
Gender Female 2225 3583 (15227 29273) 3600 11390 (13675 58325)Male 9754 146 (6893 12615) 5000 0512 (3996 6004)
CGPA
20ndash225 11500 7128 (0000 25471) 3000 2500 (0000 7900)225ndash50 5667 2906 (0000 11362) 5000 3266 (0000 11401)250ndash275 10286 2397 (5588 14983) 8000 1309 (5434 10566)275ndash300 12000 2709 (6691 17309) 6000 0378 (5259 6741)300ndash325 19125 6540 (6307 31943) 3000 12021 (0000 26561)325ndash350 12286 3041 (6325 18246) 5000 0756 (3518 6482)350ndash375 11818 3085 (5772 17865) 6000 4404 (0000 14632)375ndash400 11500 8231 (0000 27633) 3000 2500 (0000 7900)Overall 12929 1527 (9935 15922) 6000 0365 (5284 6716)
(a) Estimation is limited to the largest survival time if it is censoredOverall comparisons
Variable Chi-squared df SigYear of graduation Log rank (MantelndashCox) 19758 4 0001lowast
Sex Log rank (MantelndashCox) 9122 1 0003lowastCGPA Log rank (MantelndashCox) 2434 7 0932
Table 4 Knowledge skills and personal attributes of graduates concerning their present occupation
Variables Not at all Very little Fair Adequately Very wellBrief explained to do work 4 (51) 6 (76) 26 (329) 29 (367) 9 (114)Express ideas in writing 2 (25) 2 (25) 29 (367) 30 (390) 14 (177)Read and speak English 10 (127) 11 (139) 24 (304) 18 (228) 11 (139)Knowledge of the field 3 (38) 6 (76) 18 (228) 37 (468) 119139)Knowledge-related work 7 (89) 9 (114) 17 (215) 27 (342) 14 (177)Relevant skills 3 (38) 7 (89) 25 (316) 26 (329) 14 (177)Understand different concept my own way 1 (13) 4 (51) 26 (329) 26 (329) 20 (253)Make decision by statistical techniques 0 (0) 4 (51) 21 (266) 31 (392) 20 (253)Basic skill of computer 0 (0) 3 (38) 16 (203) 33 (418) 24 (304)To solve and decision making problem 0 (0) 3 (38) 23 (291) 36 (456) 14 (177Review is based on the fact 0 (0) 4 (54) 23 (291) 31 (391) 18 (228)Provided research skills 1 (13) 2 (25) 22 (24) 24 (304) 25 (316)To work my colleagues in an effective 2 (25) 3 (38) 25 (316) 32 (405) 12 (152)Lead the people 2 (25) 6 (76) 32 (405) 22 (278) 12 (152)e ability to plan and organize project work 1 (13) 3 (38) 29 (367) 32 (405) 10 (127)To do my work on plane 2 (25) 3 (38) 26 (329) 30 (380) 14 (177)To do work properly 1 (13) 5 (63) 25 (316) 35 (443) 10 (127)To do work effectively and on time 1 (13) 6 (76) 24 (304) 34 (430) 9 (114)New way to do my work 1 (13) 11 (139) 32 (405) 26 (329) 6 (76)To using updating knowledge for work 1 (13) 12 (152) 28 (354) 21 (266) 13 (165)To take responsibility 1 (13) 7 (89) 26 (329) 34 (430) 9 (114)To acquire knowledge 2 (25) 5 (63) 30 (380) 29 (367) 10 (127)To improve my self-esteem 2 (25) 7 (89) 29 (367) 28 (354) 9 (114)Being open for improvement 1 (13) 1 (13) 26 (329) 35 (443) 14 (177)Understand social problem 3 (38) 3 (38) 19 (241) 34 (430) 16 (203)
One-sample test
Personal attributes
Test value 3
t df Sig (2-tailed) Mean difference 95 CILower Upper
1040 76 0000 062207 05029 07412
Education Research International 5
their study field and 434 said to have good communi-cation skill by way of the study field Almost all statisticsgraduates acquired knowledge and skill in Bahir Dar Uni-versity were good workers Regarding the rate of usefulnessof the field to work most of the graduates reported agreeand very agree is means that the study field was useful toperform well Table 5 shows the extent of the value of theacquired competencies skills and knowledge in the uni-versity in the occupation e data proved that their ac-quired knowledge and knowledge during their college lifewere highly useful and relevant to their present jobs andstatistically significant (Table 5)
As a result Table 6 indicates the rank of importance ofthe courses during a academics till their work e re-spondents rated from 1 up to 5 for the importance of prioreducation in the present job e major courses andresearch-related courses were assigned the first rank basedon the importance of their work 358 of graduatesassigned the major courses the first rank and 373 assignedresearch-related courses the first rank (Table 6) e tableshows that 1642 of graduates allocated the second rank formajor courses to their work importance 1642 the thirdrank for major courses 1343 the fourth rank for majorcourses and 1791 fifth for major courses
Statistics is one of the preferable departments at BahirDar University College of Science Of the graduates whoresponded 60 or 759 preferred to join the statistics de-partment and 19 or 241 were not interested to join thestatistics department Most of (595) graduates who agreedwith their education qualified in the department In this
study most graduates responded to have the quality ofeducation in the statistics department When the respondentwas asked about the knowledge of the teacher the majorityof respondents (69 (873)) were satisfied with the way oflecture and tutor methods
Quality of education is important for better learningoutcomes for the job and the delivery of education is one ofthe effective measurements of education quality A goodquality curriculum not only prescribes what should betaught and learnt in the various subjects and grade orstage levels e result indicates the quality of educationdelivery courses by major and common courses teacherse graduates rated that the major courses teachers de-livered in a better way compared to common coursesteachers 563 of graduates responded that the way ofdelivery of the course by major courses teachers was bettercompared to that of common courses teachers
4 Conclusion and Recommendation
is tracer study or graduate survey is a collaborative work ofthe college researchers from 6 departmentse projectrsquos outputis significant primarily to recognize and address the existingcurriculumrsquos strengths and weaknesses and its adequacy qualityand competencies of a graduate in the market us the aim ofthis study was to assess the employability and competency ofstatistics graduates e study revealed that 14 or 177 of wereunemployed among graduates of statistics and 65 or 823were employed Among employed graduates 658 werepermanent workers and the rest 165 graduates were
Table 5 Aid of the field to the job
Variables Very much disagree Disagree Partially agree Agree Very agreeTo be a hard worker 3 (38) 6 (76) 19 (241) 29 (367) 20 (253)To be good at work 0 (0) 7 (89) 266 (266) 342 (342) 278 (278)To be responsibility 3 (38) 6 (76) 17 (215) 34 (430) 18 (228)To be good citizen 8 (101) 8 (101) 26 (329) 25 (316) 11 (139)To be prosperity of my personal life 10 (127) 13 (165) 23 (291) 20 (253) 12 (152)To see different problem in my way 2 (25) 3 (38) 23 (291) 33 (418) 15 (190)To be have skills 1 (13) 3 (38) 26 (329) 33 (418) 15 (190)To develop my communication 3 (38) 2 (25) 22 (278) 34 (430) 17 (215)To be successful in my life 5 (63) 6 (76) 24 (304) 31 (392) 12 (152)
One-sample test
Producing qualified
Test value 3
t df Sig (2-tailed) Mean difference
95 confidenceinterval of thedifference
Lower Upper7248 77 0000 060862 04414 07758
Table 6 e importance of courses to their work
Variables 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
Major course 24 (3582) 11 (1642) 11 (1642) 9 (1343) 12 (1791)Common courses 12 (1791) 17 (2537) 13 (1940) 14 (2090) 11 (1642)Research course 25 (3731) 11 (1642) 11 (1642) 14 (2090) 6 (896)Lab 12 (1818) 10 (1515) 16 (2424) 14 (2121) 14 (2121)Senior project 13 (197) 9 (1364) 11 (1667) 14 (2121) 19 (2879)
6 Education Research International
temporary workers e mean duration of unemployment forstatistics graduates at Bahir Dar University was 12929months and their 95 confidence interval of mean durationof unemployed graduation was between 9935 and 15922months is studyrsquos findings indicate the strengths andweaknesses of the programmers offered by the Department ofstatistics Whereas some of the weaknesses were addressed bythe delivered courses teachers the department is creatingcollaboration with employer organization and identifyingtheir needs to look at a curriculum again in view of thesefindings and identifying areas that can still be strengthened Aconsiderably high percentage of respondents are employed ina government organization eir present job mostly pro-fessional in nature was also their first job and relevant to theirdegree It took only a moderate period for most graduates toland a jobe study revealed that there was a high percentageof unemployed graduates e department should make alinkage with different governmental organizations andNGOsis may improve the employability of statistics graduatese BDUmust continually aspire for graduates to be providedwith relevancy and effectiveness of work to escalate theiremployment
Abbreviations
KM KaplanndashMeierBDU Bahir Dar UniversityCGPA Cumulative grade points averageNGO Nongovernmental organizationsTVET Technical and vocational education and trainingUNDP United Nations Development Program
Data Availability
e data used to support the findings of this study areavailable from the corresponding author upon request
Additional Points
Definition A tracer study or graduate survey is a survey (inwritten or oral form) of graduates from educational in-stitutions which takes place sometime after graduation or theend of the training e subjects of a tracer study can bemanifold but common topics include questions on studyprogress the transition to work work entrance job career useof learned competencies current occupation and bonds tothe education institution (school center and university) [10]
Ethical Approval
is investigation was conducted according to the principlesexpressed in the Declaration of Bahir Dar UniversityEthiopia It was approved by the research ethics committeeat the Bahir Dar University
Consent
All participants that agreed to participate in this study havesigned a consent form
Conflicts of Interest
e author declares that there are no conflicts of interest
References
[1] A B Bingbing ldquoTracer study of BS in Information Technology(BSIT) graduates of Camarines Sur Polytechnic CollegesNabua Camarines Sur from 2004 to 2010rdquo Asia PacificJournal of Multidisciplinary Research vol 2 no 4 pp 26ndash302014
[2] H Schomburg Handbook for Tracer Studies Centre for Re-search on Higher Education and Work University of KasselKassel Germany July 2003
[3] A B Aquino E J Punongbayan L P MacalaguimS M Bauyon R A Rodriguez and G R Quizon ldquoTeachereducation graduate tracer study from 2010 to 2014 in OneState University in Batangas Philippinesrdquo Asia Pacific Journalof Multidisciplinary Research vol 3 no 35 pp 45ndash50 2015
[4] C T Nengomasha and E R T Chiware Report on a TracerStudy of the Graduates of the Department of Information andCommunication Studies June 2015 University of NamibiaWindhoek Namibia 2009
[5] F Henard and S Leprince-Ringuet ldquoe path to qualityteaching in Higher Educationrdquo in Programme on InstitutionalManagement in Higher EducationOctober 2007 pp 1ndash50Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentParis France 2008
[6] HEIs Challenges Facing Ethiopian Higher Education WENRNew York NY USA 2018
[7] D R Cox Analysis of Survival Data Routledge AbingdonUK 2018
[8] R T Kellogg ldquoEffectiveness of prewriting strategies as afunction of task demandsrdquo American Journal of Psychologyvol 103 no 3 pp 327ndash342 2018
[9] L Ejigu ldquoCharacteristics and determinants of youth un-employment in Ethiopiardquo Ethiopian Journal of DevelopmentResearch vol 33 no 1 2011
[10] H Schomburg Carrying Out Tracer Studies a Guide to An-ticipating and Matching Skills and Job Publications Office ofthe European Union Vol 6 Publications Office of the Eu-ropean Union Luxembourg 2016
[11] W Tamrat Graduate Employability-Whose ResponsibilityUniversity World News London UK 2018
Education Research International 7
Child Development Research
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Education Research International
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Psychiatry Journal
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Pathology Research International
Alzheimerrsquos DiseaseHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
International Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Research and TreatmentSchizophrenia
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Urban Studies Research
Population ResearchInternational Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Parkinsonrsquos Disease
Aging ResearchJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
NursingResearch and Practice
Current Gerontologyamp Geriatrics Research
Hindawiwwwhindawicom
Volume 2018
Sleep DisordersHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
AddictionJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Depression Research and TreatmentHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
PainResearch and Management
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Research and TreatmentAutism
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Behavioural Neurology
Biomedical EducationJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom
stable political situatione incident resulted inmany deathsand destruction of property worth millions of dollars [9]
In Table 3 the P value shows that the duration of theunemployment in different years of graduates and gender ofgraduates were statistically significant eir difference isstatistically significant at the 95 level of significance by log-rank test is means the hazard of time unemployed for adifferent year of graduation and gender of graduates arestatistically significant
Table 4 presents the knowledge skills and personalattributes of graduates which were requirements for theirprofessional Table 4 shows the course was taken at uni-versity while they were working Most of the graduates had
agreed that the statistics courses were given at the universitywhere they applied for the job One-sample t-test displayedin Table 4 showed the courses provided at the universitywere statistically important for their work is means thatthe graduates responded to the courses taken at universityqualified for doing work e details of each measurementthat is used to qualify their work are given in Table 4Graduates also believed that the courses offered by thedepartment is capable of demonstrating conceptualknowledge and specific technical skills related to their workperformed in a better way
Most of the graduates thought that they possessed basiccomputing skills and that related technologies are necessaryto perform their tasks For participating in the study only3 (38) of graduates reported lack of computer skills16 (203) 33 (418) and 24 (304) of statisticians toldhave fair adequately and very good computer skills re-spectively e acquired computer skills from the universitywere important for their work
e use of qualitative and quantitative information tosolve problems and assess the validity of the conclusion isdiscussed here e graduates supposed that the coursesoffered the by the department were skillful e researchskills for graduates were adequate or better (Table 4) egraduates believed that to have adequate or better forplanning and organization skills priority setting skills andperforming tasks accurately (Table 4) e graduates whoreported the employability skills namely to solve thedecision-making problem to review based on the fact toprovide research skills and to work with the colleagues in aneffective manner were competent However competence onreading and speak English briefly explained to do workexpress ideas in writing knowledge of the field andknowledge-related work was rated moderate Moreover itwas presented also in this study that same group of em-ployees demonstrated a satisfactory contextual performanceIn general the knowledge skills and personal attributes ofstatistics graduates were found to be better
e graduate reported in Table 5 that their study fieldhelps them to do work e great number of graduates ratethat the study filed stated in Table 5 aids to perform goodwork e benefit of the study field to do work was statisticalsignificance based on one-sample t-test (see one-sample t-test) 367 of graduates believed to be a hard worker by
Table 2 Employed characteristics
Variables Category FrequencyEmployabilityof graduate
Employees 65 (823)Nonemployees 14 (177)
Type of work Permanent 52 (658)Temporary 13 (165)
Study-relatedwork
Unrelated 19 (241)Related 47 (595)
Salary ofgraduate permonth
2001ndash3000 birr 17 (215)3001ndash4000 birr 10 (127)4001ndash5000 birr 8 (101)5001ndash8000 birr 19 (241)
More than 8000 birr 11 (139)
Employerorganizationname
Missing data (nonresponse) 28 (354)Administration office 6 (165)
Bank 5 (63)Central statistical agency 5 (63)
Economy and development center 2 (25)Education office 3 (38)Ethiopia airport 3 (38)
Ethiopian federal courts 2 (25)Ethiopian revenue and customs
authority 1 (13)
Food institution 1 (13)Health center 2 (25)
International NGO 2 (25)Private work 4 (51)University 15 (190)
Selectingcandidate
CGPA 11 (139)Entrance exam 43 (544)Both 1 and 2 4 (51)
Others 4 (51)
Number ofracingcompanies
0ndash300 24 (304)400ndash600 20 (253)700ndash900 4 (51)1000+ 21 (266)Total 69 (873)
Missing data (none response) 10 (127)
e type oforganizationyou recruited
Federal 36 (456)Regional organization 15 (190)International NGO 5 (63)
Local NGO 1 (13)Private organization 5 (63)
Private work 2 (25)Missing data (none response) 15 (190)
10
08
06
04
02
00000 1000 2000 3000 4000
Cum
surv
ival
Survival functionCensored
Figure 1 Overall product limit estimate of the duration ofunemployed
4 Education Research International
Table 3 Duration of unemployment
VariableMeans and medians for survival time
CategoryMeana Median
Estimate Std error 95 confidence interval Estimate Std error 95 confidence interval
Year ofgraduation
2012 5938 0981 (4015 7860) 5000 0571 (3880 6120)2023 1280 6078 (0887 24713) 9000 3286 (2559 15441)2014 4714 0986 (2782 6646) 3000 0370 (2274 3726)2015 18966 2815 (13449 24482) 1200 4017 (4126 19874)2016 1160 264 (6427 16773) 5000 1288 (2475 7525)
Gender Female 2225 3583 (15227 29273) 3600 11390 (13675 58325)Male 9754 146 (6893 12615) 5000 0512 (3996 6004)
CGPA
20ndash225 11500 7128 (0000 25471) 3000 2500 (0000 7900)225ndash50 5667 2906 (0000 11362) 5000 3266 (0000 11401)250ndash275 10286 2397 (5588 14983) 8000 1309 (5434 10566)275ndash300 12000 2709 (6691 17309) 6000 0378 (5259 6741)300ndash325 19125 6540 (6307 31943) 3000 12021 (0000 26561)325ndash350 12286 3041 (6325 18246) 5000 0756 (3518 6482)350ndash375 11818 3085 (5772 17865) 6000 4404 (0000 14632)375ndash400 11500 8231 (0000 27633) 3000 2500 (0000 7900)Overall 12929 1527 (9935 15922) 6000 0365 (5284 6716)
(a) Estimation is limited to the largest survival time if it is censoredOverall comparisons
Variable Chi-squared df SigYear of graduation Log rank (MantelndashCox) 19758 4 0001lowast
Sex Log rank (MantelndashCox) 9122 1 0003lowastCGPA Log rank (MantelndashCox) 2434 7 0932
Table 4 Knowledge skills and personal attributes of graduates concerning their present occupation
Variables Not at all Very little Fair Adequately Very wellBrief explained to do work 4 (51) 6 (76) 26 (329) 29 (367) 9 (114)Express ideas in writing 2 (25) 2 (25) 29 (367) 30 (390) 14 (177)Read and speak English 10 (127) 11 (139) 24 (304) 18 (228) 11 (139)Knowledge of the field 3 (38) 6 (76) 18 (228) 37 (468) 119139)Knowledge-related work 7 (89) 9 (114) 17 (215) 27 (342) 14 (177)Relevant skills 3 (38) 7 (89) 25 (316) 26 (329) 14 (177)Understand different concept my own way 1 (13) 4 (51) 26 (329) 26 (329) 20 (253)Make decision by statistical techniques 0 (0) 4 (51) 21 (266) 31 (392) 20 (253)Basic skill of computer 0 (0) 3 (38) 16 (203) 33 (418) 24 (304)To solve and decision making problem 0 (0) 3 (38) 23 (291) 36 (456) 14 (177Review is based on the fact 0 (0) 4 (54) 23 (291) 31 (391) 18 (228)Provided research skills 1 (13) 2 (25) 22 (24) 24 (304) 25 (316)To work my colleagues in an effective 2 (25) 3 (38) 25 (316) 32 (405) 12 (152)Lead the people 2 (25) 6 (76) 32 (405) 22 (278) 12 (152)e ability to plan and organize project work 1 (13) 3 (38) 29 (367) 32 (405) 10 (127)To do my work on plane 2 (25) 3 (38) 26 (329) 30 (380) 14 (177)To do work properly 1 (13) 5 (63) 25 (316) 35 (443) 10 (127)To do work effectively and on time 1 (13) 6 (76) 24 (304) 34 (430) 9 (114)New way to do my work 1 (13) 11 (139) 32 (405) 26 (329) 6 (76)To using updating knowledge for work 1 (13) 12 (152) 28 (354) 21 (266) 13 (165)To take responsibility 1 (13) 7 (89) 26 (329) 34 (430) 9 (114)To acquire knowledge 2 (25) 5 (63) 30 (380) 29 (367) 10 (127)To improve my self-esteem 2 (25) 7 (89) 29 (367) 28 (354) 9 (114)Being open for improvement 1 (13) 1 (13) 26 (329) 35 (443) 14 (177)Understand social problem 3 (38) 3 (38) 19 (241) 34 (430) 16 (203)
One-sample test
Personal attributes
Test value 3
t df Sig (2-tailed) Mean difference 95 CILower Upper
1040 76 0000 062207 05029 07412
Education Research International 5
their study field and 434 said to have good communi-cation skill by way of the study field Almost all statisticsgraduates acquired knowledge and skill in Bahir Dar Uni-versity were good workers Regarding the rate of usefulnessof the field to work most of the graduates reported agreeand very agree is means that the study field was useful toperform well Table 5 shows the extent of the value of theacquired competencies skills and knowledge in the uni-versity in the occupation e data proved that their ac-quired knowledge and knowledge during their college lifewere highly useful and relevant to their present jobs andstatistically significant (Table 5)
As a result Table 6 indicates the rank of importance ofthe courses during a academics till their work e re-spondents rated from 1 up to 5 for the importance of prioreducation in the present job e major courses andresearch-related courses were assigned the first rank basedon the importance of their work 358 of graduatesassigned the major courses the first rank and 373 assignedresearch-related courses the first rank (Table 6) e tableshows that 1642 of graduates allocated the second rank formajor courses to their work importance 1642 the thirdrank for major courses 1343 the fourth rank for majorcourses and 1791 fifth for major courses
Statistics is one of the preferable departments at BahirDar University College of Science Of the graduates whoresponded 60 or 759 preferred to join the statistics de-partment and 19 or 241 were not interested to join thestatistics department Most of (595) graduates who agreedwith their education qualified in the department In this
study most graduates responded to have the quality ofeducation in the statistics department When the respondentwas asked about the knowledge of the teacher the majorityof respondents (69 (873)) were satisfied with the way oflecture and tutor methods
Quality of education is important for better learningoutcomes for the job and the delivery of education is one ofthe effective measurements of education quality A goodquality curriculum not only prescribes what should betaught and learnt in the various subjects and grade orstage levels e result indicates the quality of educationdelivery courses by major and common courses teacherse graduates rated that the major courses teachers de-livered in a better way compared to common coursesteachers 563 of graduates responded that the way ofdelivery of the course by major courses teachers was bettercompared to that of common courses teachers
4 Conclusion and Recommendation
is tracer study or graduate survey is a collaborative work ofthe college researchers from 6 departmentse projectrsquos outputis significant primarily to recognize and address the existingcurriculumrsquos strengths and weaknesses and its adequacy qualityand competencies of a graduate in the market us the aim ofthis study was to assess the employability and competency ofstatistics graduates e study revealed that 14 or 177 of wereunemployed among graduates of statistics and 65 or 823were employed Among employed graduates 658 werepermanent workers and the rest 165 graduates were
Table 5 Aid of the field to the job
Variables Very much disagree Disagree Partially agree Agree Very agreeTo be a hard worker 3 (38) 6 (76) 19 (241) 29 (367) 20 (253)To be good at work 0 (0) 7 (89) 266 (266) 342 (342) 278 (278)To be responsibility 3 (38) 6 (76) 17 (215) 34 (430) 18 (228)To be good citizen 8 (101) 8 (101) 26 (329) 25 (316) 11 (139)To be prosperity of my personal life 10 (127) 13 (165) 23 (291) 20 (253) 12 (152)To see different problem in my way 2 (25) 3 (38) 23 (291) 33 (418) 15 (190)To be have skills 1 (13) 3 (38) 26 (329) 33 (418) 15 (190)To develop my communication 3 (38) 2 (25) 22 (278) 34 (430) 17 (215)To be successful in my life 5 (63) 6 (76) 24 (304) 31 (392) 12 (152)
One-sample test
Producing qualified
Test value 3
t df Sig (2-tailed) Mean difference
95 confidenceinterval of thedifference
Lower Upper7248 77 0000 060862 04414 07758
Table 6 e importance of courses to their work
Variables 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
Major course 24 (3582) 11 (1642) 11 (1642) 9 (1343) 12 (1791)Common courses 12 (1791) 17 (2537) 13 (1940) 14 (2090) 11 (1642)Research course 25 (3731) 11 (1642) 11 (1642) 14 (2090) 6 (896)Lab 12 (1818) 10 (1515) 16 (2424) 14 (2121) 14 (2121)Senior project 13 (197) 9 (1364) 11 (1667) 14 (2121) 19 (2879)
6 Education Research International
temporary workers e mean duration of unemployment forstatistics graduates at Bahir Dar University was 12929months and their 95 confidence interval of mean durationof unemployed graduation was between 9935 and 15922months is studyrsquos findings indicate the strengths andweaknesses of the programmers offered by the Department ofstatistics Whereas some of the weaknesses were addressed bythe delivered courses teachers the department is creatingcollaboration with employer organization and identifyingtheir needs to look at a curriculum again in view of thesefindings and identifying areas that can still be strengthened Aconsiderably high percentage of respondents are employed ina government organization eir present job mostly pro-fessional in nature was also their first job and relevant to theirdegree It took only a moderate period for most graduates toland a jobe study revealed that there was a high percentageof unemployed graduates e department should make alinkage with different governmental organizations andNGOsis may improve the employability of statistics graduatese BDUmust continually aspire for graduates to be providedwith relevancy and effectiveness of work to escalate theiremployment
Abbreviations
KM KaplanndashMeierBDU Bahir Dar UniversityCGPA Cumulative grade points averageNGO Nongovernmental organizationsTVET Technical and vocational education and trainingUNDP United Nations Development Program
Data Availability
e data used to support the findings of this study areavailable from the corresponding author upon request
Additional Points
Definition A tracer study or graduate survey is a survey (inwritten or oral form) of graduates from educational in-stitutions which takes place sometime after graduation or theend of the training e subjects of a tracer study can bemanifold but common topics include questions on studyprogress the transition to work work entrance job career useof learned competencies current occupation and bonds tothe education institution (school center and university) [10]
Ethical Approval
is investigation was conducted according to the principlesexpressed in the Declaration of Bahir Dar UniversityEthiopia It was approved by the research ethics committeeat the Bahir Dar University
Consent
All participants that agreed to participate in this study havesigned a consent form
Conflicts of Interest
e author declares that there are no conflicts of interest
References
[1] A B Bingbing ldquoTracer study of BS in Information Technology(BSIT) graduates of Camarines Sur Polytechnic CollegesNabua Camarines Sur from 2004 to 2010rdquo Asia PacificJournal of Multidisciplinary Research vol 2 no 4 pp 26ndash302014
[2] H Schomburg Handbook for Tracer Studies Centre for Re-search on Higher Education and Work University of KasselKassel Germany July 2003
[3] A B Aquino E J Punongbayan L P MacalaguimS M Bauyon R A Rodriguez and G R Quizon ldquoTeachereducation graduate tracer study from 2010 to 2014 in OneState University in Batangas Philippinesrdquo Asia Pacific Journalof Multidisciplinary Research vol 3 no 35 pp 45ndash50 2015
[4] C T Nengomasha and E R T Chiware Report on a TracerStudy of the Graduates of the Department of Information andCommunication Studies June 2015 University of NamibiaWindhoek Namibia 2009
[5] F Henard and S Leprince-Ringuet ldquoe path to qualityteaching in Higher Educationrdquo in Programme on InstitutionalManagement in Higher EducationOctober 2007 pp 1ndash50Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentParis France 2008
[6] HEIs Challenges Facing Ethiopian Higher Education WENRNew York NY USA 2018
[7] D R Cox Analysis of Survival Data Routledge AbingdonUK 2018
[8] R T Kellogg ldquoEffectiveness of prewriting strategies as afunction of task demandsrdquo American Journal of Psychologyvol 103 no 3 pp 327ndash342 2018
[9] L Ejigu ldquoCharacteristics and determinants of youth un-employment in Ethiopiardquo Ethiopian Journal of DevelopmentResearch vol 33 no 1 2011
[10] H Schomburg Carrying Out Tracer Studies a Guide to An-ticipating and Matching Skills and Job Publications Office ofthe European Union Vol 6 Publications Office of the Eu-ropean Union Luxembourg 2016
[11] W Tamrat Graduate Employability-Whose ResponsibilityUniversity World News London UK 2018
Education Research International 7
Child Development Research
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Education Research International
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Psychiatry Journal
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Pathology Research International
Alzheimerrsquos DiseaseHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
International Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Research and TreatmentSchizophrenia
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Urban Studies Research
Population ResearchInternational Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Parkinsonrsquos Disease
Aging ResearchJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
NursingResearch and Practice
Current Gerontologyamp Geriatrics Research
Hindawiwwwhindawicom
Volume 2018
Sleep DisordersHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
AddictionJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Depression Research and TreatmentHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
PainResearch and Management
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Research and TreatmentAutism
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Behavioural Neurology
Biomedical EducationJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom
Table 3 Duration of unemployment
VariableMeans and medians for survival time
CategoryMeana Median
Estimate Std error 95 confidence interval Estimate Std error 95 confidence interval
Year ofgraduation
2012 5938 0981 (4015 7860) 5000 0571 (3880 6120)2023 1280 6078 (0887 24713) 9000 3286 (2559 15441)2014 4714 0986 (2782 6646) 3000 0370 (2274 3726)2015 18966 2815 (13449 24482) 1200 4017 (4126 19874)2016 1160 264 (6427 16773) 5000 1288 (2475 7525)
Gender Female 2225 3583 (15227 29273) 3600 11390 (13675 58325)Male 9754 146 (6893 12615) 5000 0512 (3996 6004)
CGPA
20ndash225 11500 7128 (0000 25471) 3000 2500 (0000 7900)225ndash50 5667 2906 (0000 11362) 5000 3266 (0000 11401)250ndash275 10286 2397 (5588 14983) 8000 1309 (5434 10566)275ndash300 12000 2709 (6691 17309) 6000 0378 (5259 6741)300ndash325 19125 6540 (6307 31943) 3000 12021 (0000 26561)325ndash350 12286 3041 (6325 18246) 5000 0756 (3518 6482)350ndash375 11818 3085 (5772 17865) 6000 4404 (0000 14632)375ndash400 11500 8231 (0000 27633) 3000 2500 (0000 7900)Overall 12929 1527 (9935 15922) 6000 0365 (5284 6716)
(a) Estimation is limited to the largest survival time if it is censoredOverall comparisons
Variable Chi-squared df SigYear of graduation Log rank (MantelndashCox) 19758 4 0001lowast
Sex Log rank (MantelndashCox) 9122 1 0003lowastCGPA Log rank (MantelndashCox) 2434 7 0932
Table 4 Knowledge skills and personal attributes of graduates concerning their present occupation
Variables Not at all Very little Fair Adequately Very wellBrief explained to do work 4 (51) 6 (76) 26 (329) 29 (367) 9 (114)Express ideas in writing 2 (25) 2 (25) 29 (367) 30 (390) 14 (177)Read and speak English 10 (127) 11 (139) 24 (304) 18 (228) 11 (139)Knowledge of the field 3 (38) 6 (76) 18 (228) 37 (468) 119139)Knowledge-related work 7 (89) 9 (114) 17 (215) 27 (342) 14 (177)Relevant skills 3 (38) 7 (89) 25 (316) 26 (329) 14 (177)Understand different concept my own way 1 (13) 4 (51) 26 (329) 26 (329) 20 (253)Make decision by statistical techniques 0 (0) 4 (51) 21 (266) 31 (392) 20 (253)Basic skill of computer 0 (0) 3 (38) 16 (203) 33 (418) 24 (304)To solve and decision making problem 0 (0) 3 (38) 23 (291) 36 (456) 14 (177Review is based on the fact 0 (0) 4 (54) 23 (291) 31 (391) 18 (228)Provided research skills 1 (13) 2 (25) 22 (24) 24 (304) 25 (316)To work my colleagues in an effective 2 (25) 3 (38) 25 (316) 32 (405) 12 (152)Lead the people 2 (25) 6 (76) 32 (405) 22 (278) 12 (152)e ability to plan and organize project work 1 (13) 3 (38) 29 (367) 32 (405) 10 (127)To do my work on plane 2 (25) 3 (38) 26 (329) 30 (380) 14 (177)To do work properly 1 (13) 5 (63) 25 (316) 35 (443) 10 (127)To do work effectively and on time 1 (13) 6 (76) 24 (304) 34 (430) 9 (114)New way to do my work 1 (13) 11 (139) 32 (405) 26 (329) 6 (76)To using updating knowledge for work 1 (13) 12 (152) 28 (354) 21 (266) 13 (165)To take responsibility 1 (13) 7 (89) 26 (329) 34 (430) 9 (114)To acquire knowledge 2 (25) 5 (63) 30 (380) 29 (367) 10 (127)To improve my self-esteem 2 (25) 7 (89) 29 (367) 28 (354) 9 (114)Being open for improvement 1 (13) 1 (13) 26 (329) 35 (443) 14 (177)Understand social problem 3 (38) 3 (38) 19 (241) 34 (430) 16 (203)
One-sample test
Personal attributes
Test value 3
t df Sig (2-tailed) Mean difference 95 CILower Upper
1040 76 0000 062207 05029 07412
Education Research International 5
their study field and 434 said to have good communi-cation skill by way of the study field Almost all statisticsgraduates acquired knowledge and skill in Bahir Dar Uni-versity were good workers Regarding the rate of usefulnessof the field to work most of the graduates reported agreeand very agree is means that the study field was useful toperform well Table 5 shows the extent of the value of theacquired competencies skills and knowledge in the uni-versity in the occupation e data proved that their ac-quired knowledge and knowledge during their college lifewere highly useful and relevant to their present jobs andstatistically significant (Table 5)
As a result Table 6 indicates the rank of importance ofthe courses during a academics till their work e re-spondents rated from 1 up to 5 for the importance of prioreducation in the present job e major courses andresearch-related courses were assigned the first rank basedon the importance of their work 358 of graduatesassigned the major courses the first rank and 373 assignedresearch-related courses the first rank (Table 6) e tableshows that 1642 of graduates allocated the second rank formajor courses to their work importance 1642 the thirdrank for major courses 1343 the fourth rank for majorcourses and 1791 fifth for major courses
Statistics is one of the preferable departments at BahirDar University College of Science Of the graduates whoresponded 60 or 759 preferred to join the statistics de-partment and 19 or 241 were not interested to join thestatistics department Most of (595) graduates who agreedwith their education qualified in the department In this
study most graduates responded to have the quality ofeducation in the statistics department When the respondentwas asked about the knowledge of the teacher the majorityof respondents (69 (873)) were satisfied with the way oflecture and tutor methods
Quality of education is important for better learningoutcomes for the job and the delivery of education is one ofthe effective measurements of education quality A goodquality curriculum not only prescribes what should betaught and learnt in the various subjects and grade orstage levels e result indicates the quality of educationdelivery courses by major and common courses teacherse graduates rated that the major courses teachers de-livered in a better way compared to common coursesteachers 563 of graduates responded that the way ofdelivery of the course by major courses teachers was bettercompared to that of common courses teachers
4 Conclusion and Recommendation
is tracer study or graduate survey is a collaborative work ofthe college researchers from 6 departmentse projectrsquos outputis significant primarily to recognize and address the existingcurriculumrsquos strengths and weaknesses and its adequacy qualityand competencies of a graduate in the market us the aim ofthis study was to assess the employability and competency ofstatistics graduates e study revealed that 14 or 177 of wereunemployed among graduates of statistics and 65 or 823were employed Among employed graduates 658 werepermanent workers and the rest 165 graduates were
Table 5 Aid of the field to the job
Variables Very much disagree Disagree Partially agree Agree Very agreeTo be a hard worker 3 (38) 6 (76) 19 (241) 29 (367) 20 (253)To be good at work 0 (0) 7 (89) 266 (266) 342 (342) 278 (278)To be responsibility 3 (38) 6 (76) 17 (215) 34 (430) 18 (228)To be good citizen 8 (101) 8 (101) 26 (329) 25 (316) 11 (139)To be prosperity of my personal life 10 (127) 13 (165) 23 (291) 20 (253) 12 (152)To see different problem in my way 2 (25) 3 (38) 23 (291) 33 (418) 15 (190)To be have skills 1 (13) 3 (38) 26 (329) 33 (418) 15 (190)To develop my communication 3 (38) 2 (25) 22 (278) 34 (430) 17 (215)To be successful in my life 5 (63) 6 (76) 24 (304) 31 (392) 12 (152)
One-sample test
Producing qualified
Test value 3
t df Sig (2-tailed) Mean difference
95 confidenceinterval of thedifference
Lower Upper7248 77 0000 060862 04414 07758
Table 6 e importance of courses to their work
Variables 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
Major course 24 (3582) 11 (1642) 11 (1642) 9 (1343) 12 (1791)Common courses 12 (1791) 17 (2537) 13 (1940) 14 (2090) 11 (1642)Research course 25 (3731) 11 (1642) 11 (1642) 14 (2090) 6 (896)Lab 12 (1818) 10 (1515) 16 (2424) 14 (2121) 14 (2121)Senior project 13 (197) 9 (1364) 11 (1667) 14 (2121) 19 (2879)
6 Education Research International
temporary workers e mean duration of unemployment forstatistics graduates at Bahir Dar University was 12929months and their 95 confidence interval of mean durationof unemployed graduation was between 9935 and 15922months is studyrsquos findings indicate the strengths andweaknesses of the programmers offered by the Department ofstatistics Whereas some of the weaknesses were addressed bythe delivered courses teachers the department is creatingcollaboration with employer organization and identifyingtheir needs to look at a curriculum again in view of thesefindings and identifying areas that can still be strengthened Aconsiderably high percentage of respondents are employed ina government organization eir present job mostly pro-fessional in nature was also their first job and relevant to theirdegree It took only a moderate period for most graduates toland a jobe study revealed that there was a high percentageof unemployed graduates e department should make alinkage with different governmental organizations andNGOsis may improve the employability of statistics graduatese BDUmust continually aspire for graduates to be providedwith relevancy and effectiveness of work to escalate theiremployment
Abbreviations
KM KaplanndashMeierBDU Bahir Dar UniversityCGPA Cumulative grade points averageNGO Nongovernmental organizationsTVET Technical and vocational education and trainingUNDP United Nations Development Program
Data Availability
e data used to support the findings of this study areavailable from the corresponding author upon request
Additional Points
Definition A tracer study or graduate survey is a survey (inwritten or oral form) of graduates from educational in-stitutions which takes place sometime after graduation or theend of the training e subjects of a tracer study can bemanifold but common topics include questions on studyprogress the transition to work work entrance job career useof learned competencies current occupation and bonds tothe education institution (school center and university) [10]
Ethical Approval
is investigation was conducted according to the principlesexpressed in the Declaration of Bahir Dar UniversityEthiopia It was approved by the research ethics committeeat the Bahir Dar University
Consent
All participants that agreed to participate in this study havesigned a consent form
Conflicts of Interest
e author declares that there are no conflicts of interest
References
[1] A B Bingbing ldquoTracer study of BS in Information Technology(BSIT) graduates of Camarines Sur Polytechnic CollegesNabua Camarines Sur from 2004 to 2010rdquo Asia PacificJournal of Multidisciplinary Research vol 2 no 4 pp 26ndash302014
[2] H Schomburg Handbook for Tracer Studies Centre for Re-search on Higher Education and Work University of KasselKassel Germany July 2003
[3] A B Aquino E J Punongbayan L P MacalaguimS M Bauyon R A Rodriguez and G R Quizon ldquoTeachereducation graduate tracer study from 2010 to 2014 in OneState University in Batangas Philippinesrdquo Asia Pacific Journalof Multidisciplinary Research vol 3 no 35 pp 45ndash50 2015
[4] C T Nengomasha and E R T Chiware Report on a TracerStudy of the Graduates of the Department of Information andCommunication Studies June 2015 University of NamibiaWindhoek Namibia 2009
[5] F Henard and S Leprince-Ringuet ldquoe path to qualityteaching in Higher Educationrdquo in Programme on InstitutionalManagement in Higher EducationOctober 2007 pp 1ndash50Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentParis France 2008
[6] HEIs Challenges Facing Ethiopian Higher Education WENRNew York NY USA 2018
[7] D R Cox Analysis of Survival Data Routledge AbingdonUK 2018
[8] R T Kellogg ldquoEffectiveness of prewriting strategies as afunction of task demandsrdquo American Journal of Psychologyvol 103 no 3 pp 327ndash342 2018
[9] L Ejigu ldquoCharacteristics and determinants of youth un-employment in Ethiopiardquo Ethiopian Journal of DevelopmentResearch vol 33 no 1 2011
[10] H Schomburg Carrying Out Tracer Studies a Guide to An-ticipating and Matching Skills and Job Publications Office ofthe European Union Vol 6 Publications Office of the Eu-ropean Union Luxembourg 2016
[11] W Tamrat Graduate Employability-Whose ResponsibilityUniversity World News London UK 2018
Education Research International 7
Child Development Research
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Education Research International
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Psychiatry Journal
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Pathology Research International
Alzheimerrsquos DiseaseHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
International Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Research and TreatmentSchizophrenia
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Urban Studies Research
Population ResearchInternational Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Parkinsonrsquos Disease
Aging ResearchJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
NursingResearch and Practice
Current Gerontologyamp Geriatrics Research
Hindawiwwwhindawicom
Volume 2018
Sleep DisordersHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
AddictionJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Depression Research and TreatmentHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
PainResearch and Management
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Research and TreatmentAutism
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Behavioural Neurology
Biomedical EducationJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom
their study field and 434 said to have good communi-cation skill by way of the study field Almost all statisticsgraduates acquired knowledge and skill in Bahir Dar Uni-versity were good workers Regarding the rate of usefulnessof the field to work most of the graduates reported agreeand very agree is means that the study field was useful toperform well Table 5 shows the extent of the value of theacquired competencies skills and knowledge in the uni-versity in the occupation e data proved that their ac-quired knowledge and knowledge during their college lifewere highly useful and relevant to their present jobs andstatistically significant (Table 5)
As a result Table 6 indicates the rank of importance ofthe courses during a academics till their work e re-spondents rated from 1 up to 5 for the importance of prioreducation in the present job e major courses andresearch-related courses were assigned the first rank basedon the importance of their work 358 of graduatesassigned the major courses the first rank and 373 assignedresearch-related courses the first rank (Table 6) e tableshows that 1642 of graduates allocated the second rank formajor courses to their work importance 1642 the thirdrank for major courses 1343 the fourth rank for majorcourses and 1791 fifth for major courses
Statistics is one of the preferable departments at BahirDar University College of Science Of the graduates whoresponded 60 or 759 preferred to join the statistics de-partment and 19 or 241 were not interested to join thestatistics department Most of (595) graduates who agreedwith their education qualified in the department In this
study most graduates responded to have the quality ofeducation in the statistics department When the respondentwas asked about the knowledge of the teacher the majorityof respondents (69 (873)) were satisfied with the way oflecture and tutor methods
Quality of education is important for better learningoutcomes for the job and the delivery of education is one ofthe effective measurements of education quality A goodquality curriculum not only prescribes what should betaught and learnt in the various subjects and grade orstage levels e result indicates the quality of educationdelivery courses by major and common courses teacherse graduates rated that the major courses teachers de-livered in a better way compared to common coursesteachers 563 of graduates responded that the way ofdelivery of the course by major courses teachers was bettercompared to that of common courses teachers
4 Conclusion and Recommendation
is tracer study or graduate survey is a collaborative work ofthe college researchers from 6 departmentse projectrsquos outputis significant primarily to recognize and address the existingcurriculumrsquos strengths and weaknesses and its adequacy qualityand competencies of a graduate in the market us the aim ofthis study was to assess the employability and competency ofstatistics graduates e study revealed that 14 or 177 of wereunemployed among graduates of statistics and 65 or 823were employed Among employed graduates 658 werepermanent workers and the rest 165 graduates were
Table 5 Aid of the field to the job
Variables Very much disagree Disagree Partially agree Agree Very agreeTo be a hard worker 3 (38) 6 (76) 19 (241) 29 (367) 20 (253)To be good at work 0 (0) 7 (89) 266 (266) 342 (342) 278 (278)To be responsibility 3 (38) 6 (76) 17 (215) 34 (430) 18 (228)To be good citizen 8 (101) 8 (101) 26 (329) 25 (316) 11 (139)To be prosperity of my personal life 10 (127) 13 (165) 23 (291) 20 (253) 12 (152)To see different problem in my way 2 (25) 3 (38) 23 (291) 33 (418) 15 (190)To be have skills 1 (13) 3 (38) 26 (329) 33 (418) 15 (190)To develop my communication 3 (38) 2 (25) 22 (278) 34 (430) 17 (215)To be successful in my life 5 (63) 6 (76) 24 (304) 31 (392) 12 (152)
One-sample test
Producing qualified
Test value 3
t df Sig (2-tailed) Mean difference
95 confidenceinterval of thedifference
Lower Upper7248 77 0000 060862 04414 07758
Table 6 e importance of courses to their work
Variables 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th
Major course 24 (3582) 11 (1642) 11 (1642) 9 (1343) 12 (1791)Common courses 12 (1791) 17 (2537) 13 (1940) 14 (2090) 11 (1642)Research course 25 (3731) 11 (1642) 11 (1642) 14 (2090) 6 (896)Lab 12 (1818) 10 (1515) 16 (2424) 14 (2121) 14 (2121)Senior project 13 (197) 9 (1364) 11 (1667) 14 (2121) 19 (2879)
6 Education Research International
temporary workers e mean duration of unemployment forstatistics graduates at Bahir Dar University was 12929months and their 95 confidence interval of mean durationof unemployed graduation was between 9935 and 15922months is studyrsquos findings indicate the strengths andweaknesses of the programmers offered by the Department ofstatistics Whereas some of the weaknesses were addressed bythe delivered courses teachers the department is creatingcollaboration with employer organization and identifyingtheir needs to look at a curriculum again in view of thesefindings and identifying areas that can still be strengthened Aconsiderably high percentage of respondents are employed ina government organization eir present job mostly pro-fessional in nature was also their first job and relevant to theirdegree It took only a moderate period for most graduates toland a jobe study revealed that there was a high percentageof unemployed graduates e department should make alinkage with different governmental organizations andNGOsis may improve the employability of statistics graduatese BDUmust continually aspire for graduates to be providedwith relevancy and effectiveness of work to escalate theiremployment
Abbreviations
KM KaplanndashMeierBDU Bahir Dar UniversityCGPA Cumulative grade points averageNGO Nongovernmental organizationsTVET Technical and vocational education and trainingUNDP United Nations Development Program
Data Availability
e data used to support the findings of this study areavailable from the corresponding author upon request
Additional Points
Definition A tracer study or graduate survey is a survey (inwritten or oral form) of graduates from educational in-stitutions which takes place sometime after graduation or theend of the training e subjects of a tracer study can bemanifold but common topics include questions on studyprogress the transition to work work entrance job career useof learned competencies current occupation and bonds tothe education institution (school center and university) [10]
Ethical Approval
is investigation was conducted according to the principlesexpressed in the Declaration of Bahir Dar UniversityEthiopia It was approved by the research ethics committeeat the Bahir Dar University
Consent
All participants that agreed to participate in this study havesigned a consent form
Conflicts of Interest
e author declares that there are no conflicts of interest
References
[1] A B Bingbing ldquoTracer study of BS in Information Technology(BSIT) graduates of Camarines Sur Polytechnic CollegesNabua Camarines Sur from 2004 to 2010rdquo Asia PacificJournal of Multidisciplinary Research vol 2 no 4 pp 26ndash302014
[2] H Schomburg Handbook for Tracer Studies Centre for Re-search on Higher Education and Work University of KasselKassel Germany July 2003
[3] A B Aquino E J Punongbayan L P MacalaguimS M Bauyon R A Rodriguez and G R Quizon ldquoTeachereducation graduate tracer study from 2010 to 2014 in OneState University in Batangas Philippinesrdquo Asia Pacific Journalof Multidisciplinary Research vol 3 no 35 pp 45ndash50 2015
[4] C T Nengomasha and E R T Chiware Report on a TracerStudy of the Graduates of the Department of Information andCommunication Studies June 2015 University of NamibiaWindhoek Namibia 2009
[5] F Henard and S Leprince-Ringuet ldquoe path to qualityteaching in Higher Educationrdquo in Programme on InstitutionalManagement in Higher EducationOctober 2007 pp 1ndash50Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentParis France 2008
[6] HEIs Challenges Facing Ethiopian Higher Education WENRNew York NY USA 2018
[7] D R Cox Analysis of Survival Data Routledge AbingdonUK 2018
[8] R T Kellogg ldquoEffectiveness of prewriting strategies as afunction of task demandsrdquo American Journal of Psychologyvol 103 no 3 pp 327ndash342 2018
[9] L Ejigu ldquoCharacteristics and determinants of youth un-employment in Ethiopiardquo Ethiopian Journal of DevelopmentResearch vol 33 no 1 2011
[10] H Schomburg Carrying Out Tracer Studies a Guide to An-ticipating and Matching Skills and Job Publications Office ofthe European Union Vol 6 Publications Office of the Eu-ropean Union Luxembourg 2016
[11] W Tamrat Graduate Employability-Whose ResponsibilityUniversity World News London UK 2018
Education Research International 7
Child Development Research
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Education Research International
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Psychiatry Journal
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Pathology Research International
Alzheimerrsquos DiseaseHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
International Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Research and TreatmentSchizophrenia
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Urban Studies Research
Population ResearchInternational Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Parkinsonrsquos Disease
Aging ResearchJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
NursingResearch and Practice
Current Gerontologyamp Geriatrics Research
Hindawiwwwhindawicom
Volume 2018
Sleep DisordersHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
AddictionJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Depression Research and TreatmentHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
PainResearch and Management
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Research and TreatmentAutism
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Behavioural Neurology
Biomedical EducationJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom
temporary workers e mean duration of unemployment forstatistics graduates at Bahir Dar University was 12929months and their 95 confidence interval of mean durationof unemployed graduation was between 9935 and 15922months is studyrsquos findings indicate the strengths andweaknesses of the programmers offered by the Department ofstatistics Whereas some of the weaknesses were addressed bythe delivered courses teachers the department is creatingcollaboration with employer organization and identifyingtheir needs to look at a curriculum again in view of thesefindings and identifying areas that can still be strengthened Aconsiderably high percentage of respondents are employed ina government organization eir present job mostly pro-fessional in nature was also their first job and relevant to theirdegree It took only a moderate period for most graduates toland a jobe study revealed that there was a high percentageof unemployed graduates e department should make alinkage with different governmental organizations andNGOsis may improve the employability of statistics graduatese BDUmust continually aspire for graduates to be providedwith relevancy and effectiveness of work to escalate theiremployment
Abbreviations
KM KaplanndashMeierBDU Bahir Dar UniversityCGPA Cumulative grade points averageNGO Nongovernmental organizationsTVET Technical and vocational education and trainingUNDP United Nations Development Program
Data Availability
e data used to support the findings of this study areavailable from the corresponding author upon request
Additional Points
Definition A tracer study or graduate survey is a survey (inwritten or oral form) of graduates from educational in-stitutions which takes place sometime after graduation or theend of the training e subjects of a tracer study can bemanifold but common topics include questions on studyprogress the transition to work work entrance job career useof learned competencies current occupation and bonds tothe education institution (school center and university) [10]
Ethical Approval
is investigation was conducted according to the principlesexpressed in the Declaration of Bahir Dar UniversityEthiopia It was approved by the research ethics committeeat the Bahir Dar University
Consent
All participants that agreed to participate in this study havesigned a consent form
Conflicts of Interest
e author declares that there are no conflicts of interest
References
[1] A B Bingbing ldquoTracer study of BS in Information Technology(BSIT) graduates of Camarines Sur Polytechnic CollegesNabua Camarines Sur from 2004 to 2010rdquo Asia PacificJournal of Multidisciplinary Research vol 2 no 4 pp 26ndash302014
[2] H Schomburg Handbook for Tracer Studies Centre for Re-search on Higher Education and Work University of KasselKassel Germany July 2003
[3] A B Aquino E J Punongbayan L P MacalaguimS M Bauyon R A Rodriguez and G R Quizon ldquoTeachereducation graduate tracer study from 2010 to 2014 in OneState University in Batangas Philippinesrdquo Asia Pacific Journalof Multidisciplinary Research vol 3 no 35 pp 45ndash50 2015
[4] C T Nengomasha and E R T Chiware Report on a TracerStudy of the Graduates of the Department of Information andCommunication Studies June 2015 University of NamibiaWindhoek Namibia 2009
[5] F Henard and S Leprince-Ringuet ldquoe path to qualityteaching in Higher Educationrdquo in Programme on InstitutionalManagement in Higher EducationOctober 2007 pp 1ndash50Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentParis France 2008
[6] HEIs Challenges Facing Ethiopian Higher Education WENRNew York NY USA 2018
[7] D R Cox Analysis of Survival Data Routledge AbingdonUK 2018
[8] R T Kellogg ldquoEffectiveness of prewriting strategies as afunction of task demandsrdquo American Journal of Psychologyvol 103 no 3 pp 327ndash342 2018
[9] L Ejigu ldquoCharacteristics and determinants of youth un-employment in Ethiopiardquo Ethiopian Journal of DevelopmentResearch vol 33 no 1 2011
[10] H Schomburg Carrying Out Tracer Studies a Guide to An-ticipating and Matching Skills and Job Publications Office ofthe European Union Vol 6 Publications Office of the Eu-ropean Union Luxembourg 2016
[11] W Tamrat Graduate Employability-Whose ResponsibilityUniversity World News London UK 2018
Education Research International 7
Child Development Research
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Education Research International
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Psychiatry Journal
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Pathology Research International
Alzheimerrsquos DiseaseHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
International Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Research and TreatmentSchizophrenia
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Urban Studies Research
Population ResearchInternational Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Parkinsonrsquos Disease
Aging ResearchJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
NursingResearch and Practice
Current Gerontologyamp Geriatrics Research
Hindawiwwwhindawicom
Volume 2018
Sleep DisordersHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
AddictionJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Depression Research and TreatmentHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
PainResearch and Management
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Research and TreatmentAutism
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Behavioural Neurology
Biomedical EducationJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom
Child Development Research
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Education Research International
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Psychiatry Journal
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Pathology Research International
Alzheimerrsquos DiseaseHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
International Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Research and TreatmentSchizophrenia
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Urban Studies Research
Population ResearchInternational Journal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Parkinsonrsquos Disease
Aging ResearchJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
NursingResearch and Practice
Current Gerontologyamp Geriatrics Research
Hindawiwwwhindawicom
Volume 2018
Sleep DisordersHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
AddictionJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Depression Research and TreatmentHindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
PainResearch and Management
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Research and TreatmentAutism
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Behavioural Neurology
Biomedical EducationJournal of
Hindawiwwwhindawicom Volume 2018
Submit your manuscripts atwwwhindawicom
