Empirical Ionospheric Models from Worldwide Incoherent Scatter Radars Shun-Rong Zhang and John Holt...

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Empirical Ionospheric Models from Worldwide Incoherent Scatter Radars Shun-Rong Zhang and John Holt MIT Haystack Observatory, USA Tony van Eyken EISCAT Association, Norway Mary McCready SRI International, USA Christine Amory-Mazaudier Centre for the Study of Earth and Planets Environments, CNRS, France Shoichiro Fukao Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Japan Michael Sulzer Arecibo Observatory, National Astronomy & Ionosphere Center, Puerto Rico

Transcript of Empirical Ionospheric Models from Worldwide Incoherent Scatter Radars Shun-Rong Zhang and John Holt...

Page 1: Empirical Ionospheric Models from Worldwide Incoherent Scatter Radars Shun-Rong Zhang and John Holt MIT Haystack Observatory, USA Tony van Eyken EISCAT.

Empirical Ionospheric Models from Worldwide Incoherent Scatter Radars

Shun-Rong Zhang and John Holt MIT Haystack Observatory, USA

Tony van Eyken EISCAT Association, Norway

Mary McCready SRI International, USA

Christine Amory-Mazaudier Centre for the Study of Earth and Planets Environments, CNRS, France

Shoichiro Fukao Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Japan

Michael Sulzer Arecibo Observatory, National Astronomy & Ionosphere Center, Puerto Rico

Page 2: Empirical Ionospheric Models from Worldwide Incoherent Scatter Radars Shun-Rong Zhang and John Holt MIT Haystack Observatory, USA Tony van Eyken EISCAT.

Outline

ISR long-term database Modeling technique Results: local models

A case study: Annual variations Comparisons with IRI Applications

Regional Models ISR Convection Model Model Availability Future Projects

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World Incoherent Scatter Radars

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MADRIGAL: Long-term ISR Database

www.openmadrigal.org

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Madrigal

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•The European Chain:EISCAT Svalbard Radar (1997-), in polar cap, the highest latitude EISCAT Tromsø UHF radar (1984-) and VHF radar (1990-), St. Santin Radar (1973-1986)

• East America ChainSondrestrom Radar (1990-)Millstone Hill Radar (1970-)Arecibo Radar (1966-)

• East AsiaMU Radar (1986-2003)

Existing Long-term Data

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Binning and Fitting technique

Data are binned according to local time and month

Piece-wise linear height profile is used for initial data binning with 17-19 height nodes.

Solar activity dependency is determined by a leaset-squares fit to a linear function to F107.

Median filter (3 months x 3 hours) is applied to the fitting coefficients.

Page 8: Empirical Ionospheric Models from Worldwide Incoherent Scatter Radars Shun-Rong Zhang and John Holt MIT Haystack Observatory, USA Tony van Eyken EISCAT.

Analytic representations of bin-fit results

Seasonal variations: harmonics with 12, 6 and 3 month components

Local time variations: harmonics with 24, 12, 6 and 3 hour components

Height variations: cubic B-spline with 17 breaks and gradient controls at upper and lower boundaries.

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Height Profile

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Height Profile Basis Function

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Data Distribution

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Results:Midday Ne

Svalbard

Millstone

AreciboShigariki

Curve Color Code

Winter

Spring

Summer

Autumn

St. Santin

Tromso

Sondrestrom

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Results:Latitudinal and Longitudinal features

subauroral

midlatitude

highlatitude

Semiannual components, longitudinal differences

Strong semiannual components, asymmetry

Semiannual components starts to occur

Lower

midlatitude

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O/N2 and SZA change

O/N2 (from MSIS) O/N2 x cos (SZA)

SZA = solar zenith angle

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Ti

At Millstone, highest Ti occurs in May.

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Yearly variations: Millstone

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Yearly variations in midday Ti at 350 km: Millstone

Circles: DataDashed: Model

Percentage difference

Data - Model difference

F107

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Comparisons with IRI: diurnal

Are MU StS MH Tro Son Sva

Ne

Ti

Te

Ne NeNe Ne Ne Ne

Ti TiTi Ti Ti Ti

Te TeTe Te Te Te

Median solar activity conditions with F107=135 or Rz=88

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Comparisons with IRI: profile

Are MU StS MH Tro Son Sva

Ne

Ti

Te

Ne NeNe Ne Ne Ne

Ti TiTi Ti Ti Ti

Te TeTe Te Te Te

Median solar activity conditions with F107=135 or Rz=88

Page 20: Empirical Ionospheric Models from Worldwide Incoherent Scatter Radars Shun-Rong Zhang and John Holt MIT Haystack Observatory, USA Tony van Eyken EISCAT.

Model Applications: Tn and [O]

Using a simplified energy equations for ions

(widely used in the ISR community for the neutral parameter deduction)

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ISR Convection Model

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Regional Ionospheric Models: Millstone Areas

Millstone Regional Ionospheric Model covers geodetic latitudes 35-55 degrees.

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ISR Convection Model: data

A Combined Dataset from Millstone and Sondrestrom ISRs Observations

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ISR Convection Model: IMF Bz controls

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ISR Model Availability

Virtual Incoherent Scatter Radars Web interface FTP

http://madrigal.haystack.mit.edu/models

ORhttp://www.openmadrigal.org

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Virtual ISRs – current day

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Virtual ISRs – current time

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Future Projects

Regional ionospheric models for Eastern America longitudes European longitudes

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A New Space Weather Project

Multiple incoherent scatter radar long-term database study of upper atmosphere climatology and variability

1. to generate databases of thermospheric Tn, [O], winds for multiple ISRs;

2. to develop local and regional models of the thermospheric parameters;

3. to create variability models of the ionospheric as well as thermospheric parameters;

4. to study latitudinal/longitudinal features of the ionosphere and thermosphere.

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Arecibo: Ne diurnal

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Arecibo: Te diurnal

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Arecibo: Ti diurnal

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MU: Ne diurnal

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Millstone: Ne diurnal

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Millstone: Ti diurnal

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Millstone: Te diurnal

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St. Santin: Ne diurnal

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St. Santin: Ti diurnal

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St. Santin: Te diurnal

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Tromso: Ne diurnal

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Tromso: Ti diurnal

Page 42: Empirical Ionospheric Models from Worldwide Incoherent Scatter Radars Shun-Rong Zhang and John Holt MIT Haystack Observatory, USA Tony van Eyken EISCAT.

Tromso: Te diurnal

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Sondrestrom: Ne diurnal

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Sondrestrom: Ti diurnal

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Sondrestrom: Te diurnal

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Svalbard: Ne Diurnal

Page 47: Empirical Ionospheric Models from Worldwide Incoherent Scatter Radars Shun-Rong Zhang and John Holt MIT Haystack Observatory, USA Tony van Eyken EISCAT.

Svalbard: Ti Diurnal

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Svalbard: Te Diurnal

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Arecibo: Ne profile

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Arecibo: Ti profile

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Arecibo: Te profile

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MU: Ne profile

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Millstone: Ne profile

Page 54: Empirical Ionospheric Models from Worldwide Incoherent Scatter Radars Shun-Rong Zhang and John Holt MIT Haystack Observatory, USA Tony van Eyken EISCAT.

Millstone: Ti profile

Page 55: Empirical Ionospheric Models from Worldwide Incoherent Scatter Radars Shun-Rong Zhang and John Holt MIT Haystack Observatory, USA Tony van Eyken EISCAT.

Millstone: Te profile

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St Santin: Ne profile

Page 57: Empirical Ionospheric Models from Worldwide Incoherent Scatter Radars Shun-Rong Zhang and John Holt MIT Haystack Observatory, USA Tony van Eyken EISCAT.

St Santin: Ti profile

Page 58: Empirical Ionospheric Models from Worldwide Incoherent Scatter Radars Shun-Rong Zhang and John Holt MIT Haystack Observatory, USA Tony van Eyken EISCAT.

St Santin: Te profile

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Tromso: Ne profile

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Tromso: Ti profile

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Tromso: Te profile

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Sondrestrom: Ne profile

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Sondrestrom: Ti profile

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Sondrestrom: Te profile

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Svalbard: Ne profile

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Svalbard: Ti profile

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Svalbard: Te profile