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Transcript of Emotions and Moods Chapter EIGHT Emotions—Why Emotions Were Ignored in OB Emotions are critical...
Emotions
and
Moods
Chapter EIGHT
Emotions—Why Emotions Were Ignored in OB
Emotions—Why Emotions Were Ignored in OB
Emotions are critical factor in employee behavior. The “myth of rationality” Emotions of any kind are disruptive to
organizations.– Original OB focus was solely on the effects of strong
negative emotions that interfered with individual and organizational efficiency.
What Are Emotions?What Are Emotions?
MoodsFeelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus
MoodsFeelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus
EmotionsIntense feelings that are directed at someone or something
EmotionsIntense feelings that are directed at someone or something
AffectA broad range of emotions that people experience
AffectA broad range of emotions that people experience
Aspects of EmotionsAspects of Emotions
Biology of Emotions– Originate in brain’s limbic system
Intensity of Emotions– Personality
– Job requirements Frequency and Duration of Emotions
– How often emotions are exhibited
– How long emotions are displayed Functions of Emotions
– Critical for rational thinking
– Motivate people
Mood as Positive and Negative AffectMood as Positive and Negative Affect
Sources of Emotions and Moods Sources of Emotions and Moods
Personality Day and Time of the Week NOT Weather Stress Social Activities Sleep Exercise Age Gender
Positive Moods are Highest
• At the End of the Week
• In the Middle Part of the Day
Positive Moods are Highest
• At the End of the Week
• In the Middle Part of the Day
Negative Moods are Highest
• At the Beginning of the Week
And show little variation throughout the day
Negative Moods are Highest
• At the Beginning of the Week
And show little variation throughout the day
Gender and EmotionsGender and Emotions
Women– Can show greater emotional expression– Experience emotions more intensely– Display emotions more frequently– Are more comfortable in expressing emotions– Are better at reading others’ emotions
Men– Believe that displaying emotions is inconsistent with
the male image– Are innately less able to read and to identify with
others’ emotions– Have less need to seek social approval by showing
positive emotions
External Constraints on EmotionsExternal Constraints on Emotions
OrganizationalInfluences
OrganizationalInfluences
CulturalInfluences
CulturalInfluences
IndividualEmotions
IndividualEmotions
Emotional LaborEmotional Labor
A situation in which an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions.
Emotional dissonance—Inconsistencies between the emotions we feel and the emotions we project.
Felt vs. Displayed EmotionsFelt vs. Displayed Emotions
Felt Emotions
An individual’s actual emotions
Displayed Emotions
Emotions that are organizationally required and considered appropriate in a given job
•Internals (Internal locus of control) Individuals who believe that they control what happens to them.
Note: Higher emotional labor equals more highly paid jobs (with high cognitive requirements)
Note: Higher emotional labor equals more highly paid jobs (with high cognitive requirements)
Affective Events Theory (AET)Affective Events Theory (AET)
Work events trigger positive and negative emotional reactions– Personality and mood determine the intensity of the
emotional response.
– Emotions can influence a broad range of work performance and job satisfaction variables.
Implications of the theory ACT– Individual response reflects emotions and mood cycles.
– Current and past emotions affect job satisfaction.
– Emotional fluctuations create variations in job satisfaction and performance.
– Both negative and positive emotions can distract workers and reduce job performance.
Affective Events Theory (AET)Affective Events Theory (AET)
E X H I B I T 8–6E X H I B I T 8–6Source: Based on N.M. Ashkanasy and C.S. Daus, “Emotion in the Workplace: The New
Challenge for Managers,” Academy of Management Executive, February 2002, p. 77.
Emotional IntelligenceEmotional Intelligence
Self-awareness = Know how you feel Self-management = Manage your emotions and
impulses Self-motivation = Can motivate yourself and persist Empathy = Sense and understand what others feel Social Skills = Can handle the emotions of others
Self-awareness = Know how you feel Self-management = Manage your emotions and
impulses Self-motivation = Can motivate yourself and persist Empathy = Sense and understand what others feel Social Skills = Can handle the emotions of others
Research Findings: Characterize high performers, high EI scores, not high IQ scores.
OB Applications of Emotions and MoodsOB Applications of Emotions and Moods
Emotions and Selection– Emotions affect employee effectiveness.
Decision Making– Emotions are an important part of the decision-making
process in organizations. Creativity
– Positive mood increases creativity. Motivation
– Emotional commitment to work and high motivation are strongly linked.
Leadership– Emotions are important to acceptance of messages
from organizational leaders.
OB Applications . . . (cont’d)OB Applications . . . (cont’d)
Interpersonal Conflict– Conflict in the workplace and individual emotions are
strongly intertwined. Negotiation
– Emotions can impair negotiations. Customer Services
– Emotions affect service quality delivered to customers which, in turn, affects customer relationships.
Job Attitudes– Can carry over to home
Deviant Workplace Behaviors– Negative emotions lead to employee deviance
(actions that violate norms and threaten the organization).
Lucy has a high need for achievement and likes
to come to work and focus on her job only. If
you were Lucy’s manager, how could you get
her to feel more emotion at work? Would you
want her to? Why or why not? Discuss with a
classmate.
Chapter Check-up: Emotions and MoodsChapter Check-up: Emotions and Moods
Discuss with your neighbor how low positive
affect is the same or different as high
negative affect.
Discuss with your neighbor how low positive
affect is the same or different as high
negative affect.
Chapter Check-up: Emotions and MoodsChapter Check-up: Emotions and Moods
Roberto comes to class and sits quietly
looking content and relaxed. The teacher is
guessing that Roberto is:
Low on negative affect
High on positive affect
High on negative affect
Low on positive affect
Chapter Check-up: Emotions and MoodsChapter Check-up: Emotions and Moods
Discuss with a neighbor why Roberto, who is seemingly happy but calm, isn’t just low on positive affect.
Discuss with a neighbor why Roberto, who is seemingly happy but calm, isn’t just low on positive affect.
Chapter Check-up: Emotions and MoodsChapter Check-up: Emotions and Moods
Do you think there could be emotional and mood
implications for telecommuting? If yes, how so?
Discuss with a classmate.
Do you think there could be emotional and mood
implications for telecommuting? If yes, how so?
Discuss with a classmate.
Hint: Consider this woman!
Why might she NOT always feel this way?