EML, IMS Learning Design and IMS Simple Sequencing Colin Tattersall Educational Technology Expertise...
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![Page 1: EML, IMS Learning Design and IMS Simple Sequencing Colin Tattersall Educational Technology Expertise Centre Open University of the Netherlands.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d7f5503460f94a62f60/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
EML, IMS Learning Design and
IMS Simple Sequencing
Colin Tattersall
Educational Technology Expertise Centre
Open University of the Netherlands
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Overview
AwordortwoonwhoIam EML,LearningDesign,SimpleSequencing
Whatarethey? Howdotheyrelatetoeachother? Whataretheirstrengths/weaknesses?
Summary Discussion
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ColinTattersall
British,11yearsinNL; ComputerScientist; ExposuretoComputerBasedLearningand
IntelligentTutoringSystemsinlate80satCBLUnit,LeedsUniversity;
Lastfewyears:productmanageratsoftwarecompanyproducingXML-basedauthoring/contentmanagementsystems;
StartedatOUNLonNov.1st2002: OTEC,Development
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Overview
AwordortwoonwhoIam EML, Learning Design, Simple Sequencing
What are they? Howdotheyrelatetoeachother? Whataretheirstrengths/weaknesses?
Summary Discussion
![Page 5: EML, IMS Learning Design and IMS Simple Sequencing Colin Tattersall Educational Technology Expertise Centre Open University of the Netherlands.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649d7f5503460f94a62f60/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
EducationalModellingLanguage(EML)
DevelopedbyOUNLinthelatenineties MadegenerallyavailableDecember2000
LanguagefordescribingUnits of Learning Allthecontentandprocessesinfunctionoflearningsomething
Amodeloftheactivities,content,toolsandworkflowforlearnersandstafftoaccomplishoneormorelearningobjectives
Examples:module,course,curriculum,practical,lesson,…
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EducationalModellingLanguage
BroughtintothestandardisationprocessviaIMSin2001(www.imsglobal.org)
IMSgoals: “Definingthetechnicalspecificationsforinteroperability
ofapplicationsandservicesindistributedlearning” “SupportingtheincorporationoftheIMSspecifications
intoproductsandservicesworldwide”
IMSSIGonInstructionalDesignwhichledto…
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IMSLearningDesignv1.0
ApprovedFebruarythe10th2003 EMLwillnownolongermaintainedorupdated EMLandIMSLearningDesignareverysimilar,
thoughtherearesomedifferences…
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EMLandLearningDesign
EML IMS LD ProducedbyOUNLandmadeavailabletothelearningtechnologycommunity;
AspecificationdevelopedandpromotedbyIMS;
Containsacontentmodel,indicatinghowlearningobjectsshouldbestructured(basedontheDocBookDTD);
Nocontentmodel.UseofXHTMLrecommended,althoughothercontentsupported(egRTF);
Asingle,all-embracingapproachtodevelopinglearningexperiences;
Aframework,integratedwithIMSContentPackagingandintegratingIMSMetaData,IMSQuestion&TestInteroperability,IMSSimpleSequencingandotherIMSspecifications;
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ButwhyEML/IMSLD?
Pedagogicalmetamodel Offersalevelofabstractionenablingdifferent
educationalmodelstobedescribed Softwarewhichknowsaboutthemeta-modelcan
interpretspecificmodels—modelanapproachtolearning(egproblembasedlearning)andhaveitexecuted(‘played’)
MovesthefocusfromLearningObjectstoLearningActivities….
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Myfirststepsinthee-learningworld
DownloadedMicrosoft’sLRN3.0Toolkit IMSContentPackaging IMSMeta-data
Downloadedallexamplecontentpackages Thingswerelookinggood….
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Thingswerelookinggood,but…
Someengagingcontent,buteachexampleseemedtobeaslightvariationoftheprevious;
Learningfeltlike(only)consumingcontent Supportoftenlookedlikepage-turning
Isthisthestyleofe-learningthattheIMSspecificationsareabout?
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FromLearningObjectstoLearningActivities
Whataboutsituationsinwhichlearninghappenswithoutlearningobjects?
Whataboutwhenseverallearnerscooperatetosolveaproblem?
Wherearetheteachersandstaff?
LearningDesignmeta-model: Modellingtheperformanceofindividualandgrouplearningactivitiesdesignedtoattainlearning objectivesand,intheprocess,makinguseoflearning objects.
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MakingIMS-LD‘learningexperiences’
LearningprocessesaremodelledintheIMS-LDlanguage
Thesemodelsare‘played’inanIMS-LD-awareplayer;
Analogoustomarking-uplearningmaterialsinHTMLandhavingabrowserinterpretthem
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IMS-LDconcepts
Peopleactindifferentroles workingtowardscertainobjectives byperforminglearning and/or support activities withinanenvironment,consistingoflearning
objectsandservicesusedintheperformanceoftheactivities.
Analogywithaplay….
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play
Act 1 Act 2 Act 3 Act 4 Act 5
Role-part 1
Role-part 2
Role-part 4
Role-part 5
Role Activity Environment
Learning objects
Learning services
Activity-Description
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Whodoeswhat,when?
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Butwhatdostudentsandstaffsee?
Thediagramhelpstoidentifyroles,activities,acts,etc,easingthecreationofanXML-basedrepresentationofthelearningprocess;
Modellingisonething,experiencingthelearningdesignisanother;
TodaythereisnoIMS-LDplayer,but Animpressioncanbegainedthroughthe
prototypeEMLplayer…
Warning:youareabouttoseeDutchcontent
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ReflectingonIMS-LDconcepts
Peopleactindifferentroles Students and facilitator
workingtowardscertainobjectives Understanding the role of learning technology standards
byperforminglearning and/or support activities Answering questions, discussing, reading, …
withinanenvironment,consistingoflearning objectsandservicesusedintheperformanceoftheactivities. Material on standards, discussion forum, …
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HavingbeenintroducedtoEMLandLD,
here’sSimpleSequencing…
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IMSSimpleSequencing
ReleasedMarch2003 WillbepartofSCORM1.3 “Simple"becauseitincludesalimitednumberof
widelyusedsequencingbehaviours,notbecausethespecificationitselfissimple.
WARNING:someterminologicaldifferenceswithLDahead
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WhatIsSequencing?
Predictable,consistentorderinganddeliveryoflearningactivities,inaninstructionallymeaningfulmanner,regardlessofdeliveryenvironment Designers/authorsspecifysequencingbehaviorsatdesign/authoringtime.
Activitiesaresequencedattimeofdeliverydependingonspecifiedbehaviorsandthelearner’sactions.
Sequencingbehaviorsareexternalfromthecontenttoenablegreaterdegreeofgranularityandreuse
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ProblemsthattheIMSSequencing
SpecificationisTryingtoSolve
Codeforsequencingisembeddedwithcodeinsidelearningresources
Sequencingbehaviorisinconsistentindifferentdeliverysystems
Modelsofsequencingareproprietaryoridiosyncratic
Modelsofsequencingbehaviorsandactivitiesarepoorlydefined
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SS:Definition:ActivityTree
LMSSequencingbehaviorisdescribedintermsoftraversingthenodesofanactivitytreetodeterminewhichactivitytodelivertothelearner
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SS:ContentPackageStructure
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Examplesequencingbehaviour
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SequencingRules
RuleshaveconditionswhicharebasedonTrackingStatus(e.g.completed,satisfied,etc.)
Rulesareevaluatedatspecifictimesduringthevarioussequencingprocesses
Rulesinclude: PreconditionRules
If…thenDisablethisactivity If…thenSkipthisactivityinflowmode If…thenStopForwardTraversal If…thenHidethisactivityfromChoice
ExitActionRule If…thenExit
PostConditionRules If…thenContinue If…thenPrevious If…thenExitAll If…thenRetry If…thenRetryAll
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ExampleSimpleSequencingRules…
Satisfied–evaluates to True if the Objective Progress value of Objective Satisfied Status for the objective associated with the activity (indicated by Rule Condition Referenced Objective) is True.
Completed–evaluates to True if the Attempt Progress value of Activity Attempt Completion Status for the activity is True
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Overview
AwordortwoonwhoIam EML,LearningDesign,SimpleSequencing
Whatarethey? How do they relate to each other? Whataretheirstrengths/weaknesses?
Summary Discussion
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LDandSSsimilarities
Bothoffersequencingmechanisms; Botharepackagedintheorganizationssectionof
anIMSContentPackage Bothtalkaboutlearningactivities; Bothtalkaboutlearningobjectives;
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It’snot…..
Simple Sequencing
Learning Design
… because SS is single learner and LD is multi-learner and so there are things in LD which can’t be modelled in SS
“SS does not address synchronization between multiple parallel learning activities … simple sequencing recognizes only the role of the learner” (SCORM 1.3)
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Butisit…..
Learning Design
Simple sequencing
Can everything that can be done in SS also be done in LD?
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Orisit…..
Are there things in SS which can’t be done in LD?
Learning Design
Simple sequencing
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IMSLearningDesignisaFramework
AnIMSLearningDesigncan/islikelyto: BepackagedinanIMSContentPackage UseIMSMeta-datatodescribevariouselements IncorporateIMSQTIassessments UseIMSReusableDefinitionofCompetencyofLearning
ObjectivetodescribeLearningObjectives MappropertiestoIMSLearnerInformationPackage
elements
Andmay… IncludeIMSSimpleSequencing…
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SSinLD
Sub-manifests AcontentpackageusingLDcontainsasub-manifestthatusedSS,etc.
InanLDinstancedocument. insidetheenvironmentselements,
usedtosequencelearningobjectsanditemscontainedinthelearningobjects.
withinthelearningobjectelement usedtosequenceitemsthatarecontainedwithinalearningobject.
Placesrequirementsonruntimeengine
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Overview
AwordortwoonwhoIam EML,LearningDesign,SimpleSequencing
Whatarethey? Howdotheyrelatetoeachother? What are their strengths/weaknesses?
Summary Discussion
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multipleusers singleuser
multipleroles singlerole(learner)
unlimitednumberofproperties
fixedsetofpropertiesintrackingmodel
nodetailedbehaviouralmodel(lefttoimplementers)
detailedbehaviouralmodel
NoSCORMplansyet PlannedforSCORM1.3
EduBoxPlayer,WebMCQtools
GIUNTI,IBMenginesbeingbuilt
LDandSS
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Whentousewhichone?
Multipleusers/roles:IMSLearningDesign Singleuser:choice
Externalrequirements:SCORM1.3 Whichplayersareavailable? Whichexamples/tutorialsareavailable
Bothlikelytohavetheirmarkets WhataboutusingSSinLD?
Throughsub-manifests?NotUnlikely WithinanLDinstance?Unlikely
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Overview
AwordortwoonwhoIam EML,LearningDesign,SimpleSequencing
Whatarethey? Howdotheyrelatetoeachother? Whataretheirstrengths/weaknesses?
Summary Discussion
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Summary
LDisapproved:learningandteachingaregettingattention; Opportunitytomoveawayfromdesigningforlone-
learnersreadingfromscreenstofocusontheperformanceofindividualandgrouplearningactivities
designedtoattainlearningobjectives Horsesforcourses:
LDandSSwillhavetheirownniches IMSawareofterminologyissues
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Overview
AwordortwoonwhoIam EML,LearningDesign,SimpleSequencing
Whatarethey? Howdotheyrelatetoeachother? Whataretheirstrengths/weaknesses?
Summary Discussion