Emission Status of Air Pollutants for the Compliance of Climate Change Jong-Gwan JUNG Gab-Sue JANG Chungnam Development Institute(CDI) - CONTENTS - I. Introduction II. Estimation of Air Pollutants & GHG Release III. Compliance and Reduction IV. Lessons Learned for Policies Put-down with threats I. Introduction Korea is the world's 10th largest emitter of greenhouse gas, according to global statistics in Chungnam has been functioned as an thermal electric supplier, and settled down as a petrochemical and refinery depot, steel and semiconductor manufacturing complexes as well. II. Estimation of Air Pollutants & GHG Release GHG releases are derived from multiplying input fuel quantities by basic emission constants provided by IPCC. But it is required that GHG releases statistics and inventories to fulfill the reduction plan on the basis of actual survey - GHG releases statistics survey was implemented by practicing CAPSS and TMS by MOE Other GHG releases except CO2 are estimated by multiplying GWP classification Classification of pollutant sources CodeCategoriesMain sources 01Energy industryPower generation, regional heating, CHG, oil refinery 02Non-energy industryHeating in residence, public, commerce, and livestock 03ManufacturingFuel combustion in manufacturing 04ProcessingManufacturing process except fuel combustion 05Energy supplyOil supply 06Organic solventOrganic solvent use 07Road trafficAutomobiles 08Non-road trafficRailroad, ship, airplane, construction & agricultural equipments 09WasteWaste incineration and landfill 10Natural sourcesNatural vegetation 11AgricultureFertilizer, livestock manure Emission of GHGs [unit : CO 2 eq Million t] year item sum CO CH N2ON2O HFC PFC SF 1. Emission Quantity of Air Pollutants CO45,51249,61439,40641,19742,32041,61641,44341,431 NOx88,73290,87992,982100,685115,168110,342117,072123,882 SOx55,42440,80843,64442,88442,79240,41738,07035,723 TSP5,5235,7305,9295,6916,0626,0346,1776,323 PM 10 4,4394,5534,5934,4754,7614,7044,7934,886 VOC40,81940,93940,35841,67443,59042,71943,42644,149 Sum240,449232,523226,912236,606254,693245,832250,980256,394 Annual Emission Data [ unit : ton/y ] Power generation, regional heating, CHG, oil refinery section is the principal source in Chungnam Province Emission in Energy Industry Aerial distribution of main point sources - Principal point sources are concentrated in seaside and vicinities around urban areas Aerial distribution of main line and area sources - Line and area sources are collected in northern area and along the express highways Aerial distribution of PM10, SOx, NOx National GDP (Billion Won) 527,603577,971620,905685,946731,627786,362785,053 Provincial GRDP (Billion Won) 25,915 28,963 30,532 34,395 38,893 43,236 44,245 Rate of GDP (%) Provincial GHG (CO2 eq T ton/y) NA 72,32674,04575,398 Provincial population (th) 1,926 1,930 1,928 1,919 1,930 1,973 1,982 Emission per capita (CO2 eq ton/y) NA Emission of GHG in Chungnam Province Annual Trend of Status yearsumgasoline kerosene dieselbunker-Cpropanebutaneothers briquette LNG ,336 1,260 1,681 4,772 3,913 1,172 1, ,560 1,181 1,502 4,242 3,705 1, , ,798 1,210 1,409 4,581 2,963 1,140 1, ,506 GHG emission by energy use [unit : th ton] GHG emission by power generation year DanjinTaeanBoryeongSeocheonBugokDaesanSeetecsum ,149 15,993 23,702 2, , ,614 17,038 23,426 2, , ,658 17,931 24,930 1,918 1, , ,117 17,447 24,704 1,985 1, ,600 [unit : th ton] Aerial Distribution of GHG Emission by Main Point Sources 10 Mt/y above 1 Mt/y above 0.1 Mt/y above allowing flexibility to encourage the goals maintaining energy affordability and reliability accommodating the diversity of individual sources policies and programs emphasizing uniformity to facilitate the reduction supporting regional emission trading programs (CDM & ETS) III. Compliance and Reduction 1. Prerequisite issues on reduction of GHG CO 2 + Ca OH - CaCO 3 + H 2 O CO 2 + Mg OH - MgCO 3 + H 2 O CCS of Statoil in Norway CCS of GHG Under construction of biogas power generation plant Combining of biogas power generation and production of liquid fertilizer storage fermentation Anaerobic digestion gas storage power generation methane electricity liquid fertilizer Power generation of livestock manure 2. Focus on power plants Releases in power plants account for about 80% of Provincial GHG emission distribution Power plants are a relatively straightforward sector to address Provincial policies for 3 reasons - Most GHG are generated at a fairly some number of plants - Easy to identify the characteristics for future emission trading - Fundraising sources for the extension of revenue by imposing tax on regional development as an environmental offsets In contrast, the other sources, such as heating, industrial processes, transportation, and public sectors, are smaller, more numerous, and harder to directly regulate IV. Lessons Learned for Policies Choice and Concentration - GHG emission of 6 locations including Dangjin, Taean, Boryeong and Seocheon is derived from thermal power plant as an energy industrial section, and power generation quantity 78 billon kwh occupies 37.3% of nationwide level. - Total amount of GHG emission in Chungnam Province in 2005 occupies 12.3% of nationwide emission. Linking air pollution reduction policies - Chungnam Province has a great deal of weight in thermal power generation and industrial combustion, it is much higher 85% compared with than that of 32% in the Greater Seoul Metropolitan Area. Establishment of DB for the management of GHG - Establishment of integrated DB system along the sources as a main countermeasure, overcoming the crisis turns to opportunity for attenuation of economic impact with the effectuation of the Kyoto Protocol. Establishment of framework for governance on climate change - Cooperation among the stakeholders within the boundary of Province Environmental economic approach - Chungnam Province prepares to apply ETS & total air pollution load management system