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EMILY PARISH GORDON 2012 PORTFOLIO
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio22
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3EMILY PARISH GORDON 2012 PORTFOLIO
4 Curriculum Vitae
ACADEMIC DESIGN
8 Neo-Mining
20 Flux City
28 Forage Conservation
38 RiverCity Gothenburg
50 Re-Growing Kennedy Park
RESEARCH & VISUALIZATION
58 Foraging Finland
62 Third Coast Atlas
64 Remediation & Symiotic Industry
66 Economic Geographies
68 Shrinking Cities
70 Groundcover
72 Soils, Planting & Construction
PROFESSIONAL
76 Station Mall Waterfront
84 Princeton University
86 Texas Rose Garden
3Contents
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio4
Curriculum Vitae
EDUCATION
2009-2012
Harvard University. Cambridge, Massachusetts
Graduate School of Design
Master of Landscape Architecture I
2003-2007
Vassar College. Poughkeepsie, New York
Concentrations in Religion and Art History
Bachelor of Arts, with Honors
PROFESSIONAL
2012
Studio Instructor in Landscape Architecture. Career Discovery Program
Harvard University. Cambridge, Massachusetts
2012
Project development & graphic consultant. Green Roof Technologies, LLC
Bel Air, Maryland
2009-2012
Teaching & research assistant. Graduate School of Design
Harvard University. Cambridge, Massachusetts
2007-2011
Design intern. Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates, Inc.
Brooklyn, New York
4
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5AWARDS
ASLA Merit Prize, May 2012
ASLA Student Awards in General Design, nominee, 2012
ASLA Student Awards in Analysis and Planning, nominee, 2012
GSD Platform 5 selection, Spring 2012 and Fall 2011
International Architecture Biennale Rotterdam, nominee, 2011
Penny White Award, Spring 2011
GSD Platform 3 selection, Spring 2010 and Fall 2009
PUBLICATIONS
2012
Instigations: GSD 075, ed. Mohsen Mostafavi and Peter Christensen (forthcoming)
Qinglonghu Foothill Strategy: Peri-Urban Development Alternatives for Southwest Beijing, ed. Kongjian Yu
Adaptive Terrain: Infrastructural Strategies in the Hills of Medelln, ed. Christian Werthmann (forthcoming)
Third Coast Atlas, ed. Clare Lyster, Charles Waldheim, and Mason White (forthcoming)
Platform 5, Harvard Graduate School of Design, publication and exhibition inclusion (forthcoming)
2011
A View on Harvard GSD, vol. 3, Harvard Graduate School of Design
2010
Platform 3, Harvard Graduate School of Design, publication and exhibition inclusion
CONTACT
[email protected] t 845.206.8921
315 Eckford Street, Apt. 3R, Brooklyn, New York 11222
5Curriculum Vitae
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio6
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7ACADEMIC DESIGN
Graduate School of Design, Harvard University
2010-2012
Academic Design
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NEO-MINING: Reconstituting the Foothills of Beijing for Peri-Urban GrowthGraduate School of Design, Spring 2012
Critics: Adrian Blackwell, Steven Ervin & Kongjian Yu
Collaboration with Carmen Martinez
Responding to the challenges of explosive growth in Beijing
and a peri-urban site scarred by limestone mines, Neo-
Mining proposes alternative processes for urban expansion
in Qinglonghua primarily agricultural township lying
just outside the 6th ring road at the base of the foothills
southwest of Beijing. Accounting for the extraction and
reconstitution of raw material as necessities of growth,
Neo-Mining leverages these as drivers of urban form. An
ecologic life-cycle approach to the reuse of mining sites
and materials generates and informs a new model for
foothill urbanization.
Collapsing sites of extraction with sites of construction,
Neo-Mining proposes continued mining phased with the
construction of a new city directly on the Qinglonghu
mines. As a result, land disturbance is minimized and
the agricultural plane is preserved. Mining techniques
and technologies are altered to effi ciently provide both
the material source of the city and its constructed
foundations as well. Methods that previously degraded the
environment are altered to become the backbones of new
urban ecologies. Developing beyond a master plan that
details phasing, connectivity, urban program, and density
distribution, three specifi c experiments in urbanization
ensue. Factors explored include material re-use, water
management, landscape strategies, urban program, built
form, and ultimately, unique urban identities carved from
phenomenal sites. Geologic Tourism & Research in the Beijing region (opposite)
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99
China University of GeosciencesBeijing Research Institute of Geology
Institute of Geology and Geophysics
Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences
Peking Man of Zhoukoudian
Geological Museum of China
QINGLONGHU MINES
regional rail
regional rail
Fengshan Geoparks Tourism District
Fengshan Geoparks Tourism District
Fengshan Geoparks
Beijing General Research Institute of Mining & MetallurgyBeijing General Research Institute of Mining & MetallurgyBeijing General Research
Academic Work . Neo-Mining
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio10
2003 2006
2009 2012
Current mining practices exacerbate erosion and air pollution (below);
dispersed expansion of existing mines (above); strategic branching and phased
urbanization of future mines (right).
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2015 2020
2025 2030
Inactive existing mineActive mineResidentialResearch/institutionalTourism
Academic Work . Neo-Mining
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio12
regional train
bus
hiking trail
cable carupland forest
city phase 3
city phase 2
city phase 1
drainage to agricultural plain
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Urban Plan 2030 (above); material excavation, processing and construction (below, graphic collaborations with Carmen Martinez); site systems (far left); transportation networks (near left).
1. Residential Development, 2020
2. Research Campus, 2025
3. Tourist Destination, 2030
Academic Work . Neo-Mining
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio14
drainage network
regional rail
roads
stairs
escalators
built form
cable car
SITE 1, 2020RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT
Density: Very high Population: 32,500 people Houses/Ha: 85 houses/ha
Total surface: 125.46 ha % surface roads. 6.5%
open space: 27.5% residential: 42% industrial: 20 % commercial: 3%
other facilities: 3% parking: 7%
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Section 1
Section 2
Academic Work . Neo-Mining
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio16
drainage network
ground circulation
built form
cable car
SITE 2, 2025RESEARCH CAMPUSDensity: medium-high
Population: 6,000 people Houses/Ha: 40 houses/Ha
Total surface: 38.51 Haopen space: 55%
roads: 4% residential: 10.3% institutional: 16% commercial: 6%
parking: 15%
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Section 1
Section 2
Academic Work . Neo-Mining
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio18
drainage network
ground circulation
build form
cable car
SITE 3, 2030TOURIST DESTINATION
Density: high Population: 3000 people
Houses/Ha: 55 houses/ Ha Total surface: 13.83 Ha
open space: 65% roads: 1%
residential: 18% tourist: 7%
commercial: 4% facilities: 0
parking: 10%
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Section 1
Section 2
Academic Work . Neo-Mining
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21
FLUX CITY: Willets PointGraduate School of Design, Spring 2011
Critics: Gary Hilderbrand & Chris Reed
Individual work
Traditional Western cities are typically founded on principles
of stability and permanence. Change and uncertaintyin
the form of rich and complex landscape systemsare
typically erased, filled, leveled, denuded, marginalized, or
stabilized. Experimenting within an alternative methodology
that searches for a more responsive framework, the Flux
City studio focuses on the development of urban form
as driven by ecology and environmental dynamicsa
landscape-based urbanism aspiring to resiliency with
regard to long-term environmental, social, political, and
economic shifts.
Flux City explores and challenges the perceived
juxtapositions between fixed urban infrastructures
and the environmental dynamism that characterizes
coming climate change and sea level rise in Willets Point,
Queensa marginalized Flushing Bay neighborhood
whose position is highly problematic for urban growth and
land investment. The encompassing 100-year flood zone
continues to hinder development in the area. Not only
is the site unprotected from rising sea levels and storm
surge on its coastal edge, but it currently forms a bottle-
neck pinch-point for a larger inland flood basin that drains
increasing levels of precipitated storm water into Flushing
Bay. These conditions further stress complex networks
of aging and insufficient infrastructures surrounding the
site. Automotive disassembly businesses have successfully
colonized the marginal land of Willets Point, but operate
largely without environmental or economic regulation,
resulting in high levels of contamination that are further
mobilized during hydrologic events.
Natural ecologies, such as those of the typical Atlantic coast
barrier islands, are well adapted to absorb and mitigate
these dynamic forces of coastal extremes associated with
climate changewhile cleansing water and providing
diverse habitats. However, their ability to do so relies on
cycles of generation and deformation that contradict the
stability associated with safety and reliability in our built
urban environment. The Flux City strategy embraces the
challenge inherent in adapting such a system to the urban
context.
The strategic deployment of targeted coastal piers initially
catalyzes symbiotic function between new infrastructure
and natural processes of sedimentation and hydrology. The
staged formation of protective barrier islands thus offers
coastal protection and replaces expensive and destructive
dredging practices. Later, the pier foundationsfilled with
accumulated sedimentgain land value, becoming the
foundation for a new pattern of urban expansion that
connects the disparate neighborhoods currently separated
by the flood-zone void. By 2080, when sea levels are
predicted to be 1.5 meters above todays average, this new
archipelago will protect the bays older development while
providing outer-reef marine habitat and a new expanse
of sheltered back-water tidal marsh, sited to filter and
mitigate the basins contaminated storm water.
Academic Work . Flux City
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio22 Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio22
infrastructure impacts
precipitat ion
sea level
air temperature/qual i ty
t r a n s p o r t a t i o n
road & highwaywear & maintenance
road & highwaywear & maintenance
road & highway publ ic transit interruptions & maintenance
publ ic transit interruptions & maintenance
publ ic transit interruptions drinking waterqual i ty & supplydrinking water
qual i ty & supplydrinking water water reservoir
qual i ty & supplydrainage & sewer
overf lowreservoir nutr ients & eutrophication
electr ic ity demands,production & surgeselectr ic ity demands,production & surgeselectr ic ity demands, air cool ing &
qual i ty controlextended construct ion
seasonsstructure &
bui lding f loodingsea wall & coastal
structure degredation
u t i l i t i e s / r e s o u r c e s s t r u c t u r a l
H20
coastal ecosystemsi n c r e a s e d s e w e r o v e r f l o w d e c r e a s e d b r a c k i s h s a l i n i t y c o a s t a l e e l g r a s s e c o s y s t e m d e c l i n e
oyster
algae & bacteriaalgae & bacteria
blue crabblue crab
atlantic sea bass
barr ier is land formation & deformation urban-adapted island formation
15%breakwater
35%dune core
20%mud & sand flats
30%salt marsh
upland marsh buffer
15%breakwater reef
35%urban core
20%mud & sand flats
30%salt marsh
uplandurban edge
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Academic Work . Flux City
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio24 Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio24
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2525Academic Work . Flux City
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio26 Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio26
sea to marsh : island profile 1:750
along the road : open island 1:750
along the road : island string 1:750
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2727Academic Work . Flux City
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio28
(Plan graphics in collaboration with A. Scottie McDaniel; harvest montage by Sara Newey)
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FORAGE CONSERVATION: Sowey Naval Air FieldGraduate School of Design, Fall 2010
Critics: Pierre Belanger & Christian Werthmann
Collaboration with A. Scottie McDaniel & Sara Newey
Sited on a decommissioned Naval air fi eld in the suburban
Boston metropolitan region, this studio demanded the
revisualization of a complex 1,500-acre brownfi eld site for
a long-range strategy that prefi gures biophysical systems as
the denominator for re-envisioning public infrastructures
and regional urban economies and ecologies.
Forage Conservation introduces a much-needed prototype
for a new model of urban-suburban land conservation
and wildlife management. By rejecting traditional, polarized
conceptions of conservation and development, the
collisions and juxtapositions between our built environment
and the resilience of ecologic adaptation are revealed and
addressed. Responsive habitat management systems regain
balance for exploding populations of wildlife nuisance
species, while capitalizing on growing interests in local and
wild food markets in the Boston region, and maximizing
economic synergy between land management techniques,
by-products and local economies.
To address unpredictable fl uctuations in wildlife populations,
the notion of the static masterplan is rejected in favor of
designed dynamic disturbance and fl exible potentials for
habitat creation, land management, and public use. The
resulting site plan is iterative and layeredan accumulation
of trace and change.
Academic Work . Forage Conservation
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio30
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Mapping reveals the flexibility of nuisance species habitat ranges and discrepant relationships between species population densities, conserved land areas and management resources. Uncoordinated response to animal control, highway collision cleanup, and hunting regulations aggravates budgets and environmental issues.
Disregard for the potential resources gleaned from suburban ecologies is epitomized in the current consumption of global domestic venison products opposite the concurrent market void for the processing and distribution of local game.
Academic Work . Forage Conservation
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio32
Operational synergy maximizes site resources. Timber is managed for habitat creation and production; woodchip by-products compost
regional roadkill waste and wild game butcher scraps; compost fertilizes plant nurseries that test and supply stock for wildlife control in the regional market.
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Public program responds to seasons and to long-term site morphology. Public activities participate directly in management practices, such as hunting and foragingexporting experiences and knowledge into the community.(Program calendar by Sara Newey; montage by collaboration)
Academic Work . Forage Conservation
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Management practices address four major components: a reconnected hydrologic course, a successional shrub meadow, runway breakdown,
and regenerative silviculture. (Management sections & montage by collaboration)
Beginning with initial construction, designed dynamic disturbance and land management alter
habitats, appearance, and experience.
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2020
2020
2020
Academic Work . Forage Conservation
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio36
Atmospheric Views a,b,c
Culinary Event: Sunday Dinner
Contamination Mound
Runway along pond and skeet shooting range
Adjacencies between habitat, site infrastructures, and program
create a unique experiential reading of new conservation at Sowey Naval Air Field. (Sections
by Sara Newey)
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2010 potential open habitat 2010 conserved fragments
Re-territorializing Conservation
2060 conserved sinks
regional road kil l carcass waste
regional road kil l carcass waste
site harvest distributed regionally
site harvest distributed regionally
site ha
rvest d
istribute
d regionally
site
harve
st
regional butcher scraps
regi
onal
but
cher
scraps
wildlife-s
uitable plants dis
tributed regionally
wi
ldlif
e-su
itabl
e plan
ts dis
tribute
d region
ally
wildlife-suitable plants distributed regionally
active hunt
active hunt
acti
ve h
un
t
active
hunt
active hunt
Regional deployment: redistribution and aggregation of conserved land fragments enables critical land mass for effi cient management practices and core habitat function. Resource and service exchange reaches the regional economy.
Academic Work . Forage Conservation
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio38
*The return of aquasity:
15,000 years of post-glacial land rise gradually drained the ocean from
the Gothenburg region. Waterways and archipelagos in constant
transition defined the character of the landscape and the cities and
economies derived thereof. Recently, global climate change has reversed
the process, causing water levels to rise with increased fluctuation.
Flooding is exacerbated by a local history of urban fill and coastal
alteration (above left).
A postcard for Gothenburg:Dive In! (opposite).
Islands and archipelagos of the Gota Alv (this page).
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1790 1860 1921 2000 2020 return of aquasity
RIVERCITY GOTHENBURG: Dive In!Graduate School of Design, Fall 2011
Critics: Martha Schwartz & Emily Waugh
Individual work
Dive In! embraces the ability of the designed public
landscape to provide an identity, a public amenity, and an
infrastructural solution for the growing city of Gothenburg,
Sweden. Through the transformation of a defunct industrial
port site, Dive In! restores agency to the Gota Alv river
to determine the character and organization of future
urban growthreturning the river to the city. Responding
to an ambitious City of Gothenburg initiative to densify
and re-connect the sprawling city-center with the river,
Dive In! proposes a landscape-based solution that will
connect the north and south banks, enhance estuarine
health and habitat, and provide a public landscape that
becomes an urban oasis, a Gateway to Gothenburg and
an icon for Western Sweden. The project demanded an
understanding of the complexities of infrastructure, river
ecologies, economic development, social dynamics, history,
and climate change that impact and shape the trajectory of
the city and the river.
Academic Work . RiverCity Gothenburg
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio40
The Dive In! concept seen from above a RiverCity
identified by its connected island landscape (above). The
Dive In! strategy (right).
Once a bustling port with Dutch-designed canal networks,
the Gota Alv is dominated by hyper-scaled infrastructure.
Abandoned industrial land and port facilities built over
urban fill and layered with parking lots, roadways, railway
lines and ferry terminals, divide the city from the river
visually, physically, and mentally. Already subject to flooding,
this land faces increasing hydrologic challenges as sea levels
rise.
These flood-prone, defunct sites currently buffer zones
targeted for residential growth from the waters edge,
inhibiting access and decreasing land value economically,
socially and ecologically. Yet, as Gothenburg continues to
grow, these massive swatches offer opportunities to re-
envision the interior of the city. Inspired by geologic and
port histories, as well as local ecologies and materials, re-
carved waterways and uncovered urban islands create a
new river landscape that bring the river back to the city.
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1 remove strangling infrastructure
3 prioritize development along new waterfronts, re-establish aquatic habitats
2 re-carve waterways through transitional land, relieve the main shipping channel
4 Frihamnen islands: destination and retreat, city gateway and river crossing
Academic Work . RiverCity Gothenburg
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio42
Frihamnen Islands key:1. Public Marina2. Amphitheater Hill3. Terraced Lawn4. Play Lawn5. Beach6. Promontories
river 1:500 (top) & 1:1000 (site)
Island 1. Island 2. Island 3.
Frihamnen Islands:A variety of waters edge conditions are sequenced for each island. A diversity of microclimates and habitats invite park users to explore and celebrate the Gota Alv.
7. Indoor Aquarium w/ Green Roof8. Indoor Saunas w/ Green Roof9. Aquarium Promenade10. Habitat Pools w/ Sunken Walk11. Infi nity Pool12. Boulder Hill13. Marsh Walk
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river 1:500 (top) & 1:1000 (site)
Island 1
Island 2
Island 3
Ringon Waterfront
HistoricWaterfront
1
2
3
45
6
7
8
9
12
13
10
11
remainingactive
shipyard
Killibacken Stream
Gothenburg Bridge
Marsh Channel
Hisingen Waterfront
Lundbyvassen Waterfront
Hisingen Waterfront
100m
Academic Work . RiverCity Gothenburg
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio44
1.
2.
3.
A varied urban edge enlivens new waterfront development
on the banks of the Gota Alvs northern neighborhoods.
Frequent streetscape access employs consistent motifs but
diverse forms and materials.
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A ramped walkway on Island 1 gauges the flood during high-pressure weather. The meadow lawn and opposite terraced promontory provide views, while mossy microclimates beg investigation when the water goes down.
Academic Work . RiverCity Gothenburg
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio46
An aquarium promenade gradually ramps below the waters surface,
revealing the aquatic world below. Opposite, visitors can take a
plunge and join the display.
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The trougha dry walkway immersed in the wateroffers eye-level looks at the reflective habitat pool on one side, and the open river on the other.
Academic Work . RiverCity Gothenburg
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio48
Long lines in the re-constructed stepped edge dramatize the
expansive scale of the original pier, while making water accessible.
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Lush plants make an urban jungle in the channel marsh, where residents can explore or escape, habitat is restored, and water is cleansed.
Academic Work . RiverCity Gothenburg
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio50
RE-GROWINGKENNEDY PARKGraduate School of Design, Spring 2010
Critics: Anita Berrizbeitia & Jill Desimini
Individual work
Frederick Law Olmsted designed Kennedy Park for Fall
River, Massachusetts during the industrial heyday of the
late 19th century. Today, the park receives heavy use, but
maintenance and facilities are significantly deteriorated, as
is the historic vitality of the site. The redesign of Kennedy
Park requires historic sensitivity while proposing projective
responses to contemporary needs for access, maintenance,
ecologic viability, and new program.
Re-growing Kennedy Park proposes a regeneration of the
parks vegetation that reflects and updates the original
intentions of the Olmsted design. Three strategically
deployed planting typologies frame evolving spaces for
new programs to emerge, while enhancing ecologic vigor
and alleviating drainage, erosion and maintenance problems
caused by the continued denuding of the landscape.
Three planting typologies frame evolving space for new and
existing programs of various intensity, taking into account urban
adjacency, visibility, access and maintenance throughout canopy
growth (above right).
Concept sections (below right) propose a strategy for
successional growth that preserves existing specimen
trees while restoring understory, transitioning segments of the park into a programmed urban forest.
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51Academic Work . Re-Growing Kennedy Park
1. Quadruple alles
2. Quincunx
2. Successional forest
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Alles framing beloved athletic fi elds open into a quincunx over
the new civic plaza and central gathering space, then diffuse
into the irregular pattern of the successional forest, connecting
to existing urban wilds along the rail corridor. Diversifi ed
groundcovers enhance water management, habitat and
experience.
Sequential site sections at two growth stages show transitions
in spatial confi gurations and program as new planting is established and old-growth
specimens reach their life spans.
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53Academic Work . Re-Growing Kennedy Park
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio54
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55Academic Work . Re-Growing Kennedy Park
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio56
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RESEARCH & VISUALIZATION
Graduate School of Design, Harvard University
2009-2012
Research & Visualization
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio58
New Je
rsey
New
York
Mart
has V
iney
ard
Brit
ish Co
lumb
ia
Helsinki
REGIONAL CONNECTIVITY & SOCIAL NETWORKING
A spatialized mapping documents the one-month
acitivity of a social mediasite devoted to foraging
activities (above), foragingsites visited (right).
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New Je
rsey
New
York
Mart
has V
iney
ard
Brit
ish Co
lumb
ia
Helsinki
Hmeenlinna
PoriTampere
MoustikkavuoriGaia Farm
Oulu
Rovaniemi
Kemijrvi
Helsinki
Research & Visualization . Foraging Finland
commercial exploitation of these resources have changed
foraging practices in contemporary Finland, with impacts
that are felt globally. This travelling study of contemporary
foraging in Finland examines phenomena that are indicative
of the increasing complexity that entwines land use, cultural
heritage, legislation, and economics.
Travel and interviews across Finland focused on three
areas of inquiry: (1) traditional foraging traditions as
documented by the Herbologies Foraging Networks,
a government-funded cultural heritage and public art
project; (2) contemporary foraging traditions as adapted
to urbanized areas and aided by locative and social media;
and (3) contemporary issues and activism related to the
human rights and environmental concerns of increasing
populations of migrant berry pickers travelling between
Finland and Thailand.
EVERYMANS RIGHTS:FORAGING FINLANDGraduate School of Design, 2011-2012
Independent Research, Penny White Award
Forest occupies 86% of Finland, the most forested country
in Europe. Unique laws protect Everymans Rights to
access all of Finlands forest as a cultural, recreational,
and productive resource. Not only is public recreational
access permitted regardless of land ownership, but rights
are preserved to harvest wild edible berries, mushrooms,
and herbs wherever found. These laws blur the boundaries
between public and private land use, and ensure that the
natural edible resources of the countrys forest remain free
to the public despite ownership patterns. Though deeply
grounded in Finnish tradition, increased urbanization and
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio60
rowan berry milk cap mushrrom cep mushroom chanterelleraspberry buckthorn berry bilberry bog whortle berry cloud berry cloud berry lingonberry
pre-1980slabor force & berry
distribution
1980-2000labor force & berry
distribution
2000-2010labor force & berry
distribution
THE WILD FINNISH FOOD INDUSTRY:
Global expansion of wild food product distribution
and labor sourcing.
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61
0-50mm rain/yr51-100101-150151-200
strawberrycloudberryblueberrylingonberry
201-150251-300
ricemaizecassavasugarcane
migration to Scandanavia
plant/harvest
plant/harvest
paying
off lo
ans
paying off l
oans/se
eking
season
al work
fertilizers & materials destributed for spring planting season
new farm loans negotiated with BAAC
recruiters circulate villages
pickers return in deeper debt than
before
living
expen
ses
e continue to accrue while abroad
final deposit
second deposit
first deposit made to recruiters
nove
mber
october
september
aug
ust
july june
may
aprilmarch
february
januarydecember
wet se
asondry season
HARVEST & DEBT CYCLES:A calendar visualizing the rotation and planting cycles of Thai crops, Finnish berry picking, and the associated debt cycles of each.
Research & Visualization . Foraging Finland
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio62
NEW YORK Mgal/dayhydroelectric power 45,584.00fossil fuel power 793.58public supply 184.50industrial 166.69domestic 22.96
MICHIGAN Mgal/dayfossil fuel power 4,168.38public supply 628.23industrial 148.37nuclear power 52.67
OHIO Mgal/dayfossil fuel power 1,692.95public supply 415.98nuclear power 148.95industrial 56.94
PENNSYLVANIA Mgal/daypublic supply 28.77industrial 5.37
CONSUMPTIVE Mgal/daypublic supply 218.07industrial 96.22fossil fuel power 91.59irrigation 35.18livestock 20.84
WITHDRAWALS Mgal/dayhydroelectric power 45,584.00fossil fuel power 7,979.82public supply 1,665.53industrial 818.94nuclear power 201.62domestic supply 129.42irrigation 70.95livestock 38.15
INTERBASIN DIVERSION Mgal/daypublic supply 6.91
Lake Eriesurface water withdrawals
Erie Basintotal water
use
LAKE EERIE
16
ONTARIO Mgal/dayfossil fuel power 463.20industrial 173.24public supply 8.97
MICHIGAN Mgal/dayfossil fuel power 4,168.38public supply 628.23industrial 148.37nuclear power 52.67
CONSUMPTIVE Mgal/daypublic supply 218.07industrial 96.22fossil fuel power 91.59irrigation 35.18livestock 20.84
WITHDRAWALS Mgal/dayhydroelectric power 45,584.00fossil fuel power 7,979.82public supply 1,665.53industrial 818.94nuclear power 201.62domestic supply 129.42irrigation 70.95livestock 38.15
Lake Huronsurface water withdrawals
Huron Basintotal water
use
LAKE HURON
publi c
domesticirrigationlivestockindustrialfossil fuelnuclearhydroelectric
NEW YORK Mgal/dayhydroelectric power 45,584.00fossil fuel power 793.58public supply 184.50industrial 166.69
ONTARIO Mgal/dayfossil fuel power 4,168.38public supply 628.23industrial 148.37nuclear power 52.67domestic 22.96
CONSUMPTIVE Mgal/daypublic supply 218.07industrial 96.22fossil fuel power 91.59irrigation 35.18livestock 20.84
WITHDRAWALS Mgal/dayhydroelectric power 45,584.00fossil fuel power 7,979.82public supply 1,665.53industrial 818.94nuclear power 201.62domestic supply 129.42irrigation 70.95livestock 38.15
INTERBASIN DIVERSION Mgal/daypublic supply 6.91
Lake Ontariosurface water withdrawals
Ontario Basintotal water
use
LAKE ONTARIO
-
63
publi c
domesticirrigationlivestockindustrialfossil fuelnuclearhydroelectric
INDIANA Mgal/dayhydroelectric power 45,584.00fossil fuel power 793.58public supply 184.50
WISCONSIN Mgal/dayfossil fuel power 463.20industrial 173.24public supply 8.97
MICHIGAN Mgal/dayfossil fuel power 4,168.38public supply 628.23industrial 148.37
ILLINOIS Mgal/dayfossil fuel power 1,692.95public supply 415.98nuclear power 148.95
CONSUMPTIVE Mgal/daypublic supply 218.07industrial 96.22fossil fuel power 91.59irrigation 35.18livestock 20.84
WITHDRAWALS Mgal/dayhydroelectric power 45,584.00fossil fuel power 7,979.82public supply 1,665.53industrial 818.94nuclear power 201.62domestic supply 129.42irrigation 70.95livestock 38.15
INTERBASIN DIVERSION Mgal/daypublic supply 6.91
Lake Michigan
surface water withdrawals
Basintotal wateruse
LAKE MICHIGAN
WATER USE CATEGORY
MINNESOTA Mgal/dayhydroelectric power 45,584.00fossil fuel power 793.58public supply 184.50
WISCONSIN Mgal/dayhydroelectric power 45,584.00
MICHIGAN Mgal/dayhydroelectric power 45,584.00
ONTARIO Mgal/dayfossil fuel power 4,168.38public supply 628.23industrial 148.37
CONSUMPTIVE Mgal/daypublic supply 218.07industrial 96.22
WITHDRAWALS Mgal/dayhydroelectric power 45,584.00fossil fuel power 7,979.82public supply 1,665.53industrial 818.9
INTERBASIN DIVERSION Mgal/daypublic supply 6.91
Lake Superiorsurface water withdrawals
Superior Basintotal water
use
LAKE SUPERIOR
public supplydomestic supplyirrigationlivestockindustrialfossil fuel powernuclear powernydroelectric power
THIRD COAST ATLAS: Water Use in the Great LakesGraduate School of Design, Fall 2011
Critics Clare Lyster & Mason White
Individual research towards collaborative publication
This study of water use in the Great Lakes basins
contributed to a seminar and forthcoming publication on
the regional territory of the Great Lakes. The Third Coast
Atlas (ed. Clare Lyster, Charles Waldheim, and Mason
White) is a compendium of theoretical essays, maps,
scholarly research and design provocations that facilitate
a contemporary survey of the urbanization of the Great
Lakes Basin, known as the Third Coast.
Research & Visualization . Third Coast Atlas
-
Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio64
sources: www.ec.europa.eu; United States Environmental Protection Agency
XX
n o a q u i f e r
A Q U I F E R T Y P E S
u n c o n f i n e d m o n o l a y e r e df i s s u r e f l o w
u n c o n f i n e d m o n o l a y e r e di n t e r g r a n u l a r f l o w
u n c o n f i n e d m u l t i l a y e r e di n t e r g r a n u l a r f l o w
c o m p l e x m o n o l a y e r di n t e r g r a n u l a r f l o w
c o m p l e x m u l t i l a y e r e di n t e r g r a n u l a r f l o w
c o n f i n e d m o n o l a y e r e df i s s u r e f o r m a t i o n
c o n f i n e d m o n o l a y e r e df i s s u r e f o r m a t i o n
c o n f i n e d m o n o l a y e r e di n t e r g r a n u l a r f o r m a t i o n
c o n f i n e d m o n o l a y e r e di n t e r g r a n u l a r f o r m a t i o n
N O R W A Y
S W E D E N
F I N L A N D
D E N M A R K
G E R M A N Y P O L A N D
K a l u n d b o r gC o p e n h a g e n
T r e l l e b o r g
G o t e b o r g
H e l s i n k i
r e m e d i a t i o n /r e c y c l i n g w a s t e s e r v i c e s
0 k i l o m e t e r s 1 3
r a w m a t e r i a l st r a n s p o r t / a g r i c u l t u r a l & f o o d i n d u s t r y s e c t o r s
O s l o
K a r i s k r o n a
CORPORATE REMEDIATION Bioteknisk Jordens is one of six soil remediation companies owned by DVS Milj. The one-stop shopping contracting corporation offers remediation and recycling services for soils, construction debris and industrial byproducts, waste disposal services, excavation of raw materials, and ground transport for construction and agriculture. Tied to natural resources in the region, this business model operates above geologic and hydrologic subsurface systems that at once provide industrial resources while requiring remedial and preventative protection. Environmental legislation from the Danish government fosters the growing remediation economy.sources: www.geus.dk; www.eusoils.jrc.europs.ey; www.dsvmiljoe.dk; www.symbiosis.dk; www.ec.europa.eu; geonetwork4ewater; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Danish Environmental Protection Agency; European Environmental Protection Agency
-
65
The contracting corporation offers remediation and
recycling services for soils, construction debris and
industrial byproducts, waste disposal services, raw material
excavation, and transport for construction and agriculture.
Tied to natural resources in the region, environmental
legislation from the Danish government fosters this
growing remediation economy (above left). Declining water
levels in nearby Lake Tiss following rapid industrialization
catalyzed environmental protection and remediation
legislature, spawning a market for new technologies in
resource effi ciency and waste reduction. In Kalundborg,
a local business model responded with ecologic industrial
symbiosisa system that reuses byproducts of one
industry in another, simultaneously reducing costs and
waste while generating municipal energy (above right). Site
operations are coordinated with respect to the symbiotic
model (below left).
CASE STUDY: Remediation & Symbiotic IndustryGraduate School of Design, Fall 2010
Critics Pierre Belanger & Christian Werthmann
Collaboration with A. Scottie McDaniel
This study presents one model for leveraging links
between economic potentials, site-specifi c geologies and
hydrogeographies, and the political legislation of land
use and resource management. The Bioteknisk Jordens
(SOILREM) soil remediation facility in Kolundborg,
Denmark reveals relationships between the geologic
resources and hydrologic limitations informing the political
management of groundwater resources in Denmark, the
specifi c site-scale operations of the remediation facility,
and the regional industrial symbiosis of facilities and by-
products.
POWER PLANT
CEMENT INDUSTRY
FISH FARM
OIL REFINERY
GYPSUM PLANT
PIG FARM
PIG FARM
PIG FARM
KALUNDBORG MUNICIPALITY
LOCAL FARM
LOCAL FARM
LOCAL FARM
TO BIO
PLANT
gas
gasgypsumsludge
steamyeast
fermentationsludge
waste heat
waste heat[return]
wasteheat
sludge
volatileashes
steam sulfer
SYMBIOSIS Declining water levels in Lake Tiss following rapid industrialization catalyzed environmental protection and remediation legislature, spawning new technologies for natural resource efficiency and waste reduction. A local business model responded with ecologic industrial symbiosis, a system that reuses byproducts of one industry in another, simultaneously reducing costs and waste while generating energy for municipal infrastructure.sources: www.geus.dk; www.eusoils.jrc.europs.ey; www.dsvmiljoe.dk; www.symbiosis.dk; www.ec.europa.eu; geonetwork4ewater; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Danish Environmental Protection Agency; European Environmental Protection Agency
Research & Visualization . Remediation & Symbiotic Industr y
-
Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio66
1919
The regional economy of Boston is resilient in its fluctuation to find niche markets and compete economically. Originally a port city for English goods, tied to natural resources and waterways for exporting, the region has evolved from industrial manufacturing to wholesale entrepreneurship to high finance to technological pioneering. Transportation infrastructure [i.e. waterways, railways and highways] has dictated the transformation of the areas economic landscape; these systems describe migratory patterns of industries, workforce relocation and concentration of wealth. Industries rearrange in response to each introduction to new means of mobility. Often the remnant of one industry becomes underpinning support for the new. The presence of academic research institutions, government funding and infrastructure has enabled a diverse economic evolution. Current economic conditions rely on finance/insurance and technological and biological research businesses. These industries are supported by smaller sectors of the workforce. Regional industries no longer transport goods but transfer knowledge, ideas and wealth to a global market through an intangible landscape of communication. The profitability of Greater Boston is dependent on the productivity of these international relationships. Banks not only support the region, but also have a presence overseas. Advancements made by thriving technology labs are not necessarily produced locally. These economic shifts reference the global nature of the regions original trading industries, though products and means of transport are significantly different. Boston has repurposed its culture of exchange and now participates in complex global flows of wealth and production.
left: Manufacturing peaks. Predominant industries were textiles, boots/shoes and publishing. The regions economy is defined by the acquisition of raw materials and the production/trade of goods. Dependency on natural resources sited manufacturing facilities and the towns they supported along waterway corridors [i.e. Merrimack and Charles Rivers]. Rivers were essential in the mobility of products/goods to international shipping ports. Throughout the 19th century, railroads steadily increased, connecting corridors and hubs of manufacturing. The network of rail + waterways describes the economic landscape of the time. right: Manufacturing migrates to the southern states for cheaper labor/petroleum causing a declined economy. The Great Depression yields more factory closings and job loss. The still-prosperous wholesale trade fosters an emerging market for finance and service industries. Local universities develop electronic and radio innovations and catalyze research development businesses, most notably Raytheon and Polaroid. The regions economy, once tied to shipping corridors, shifts towards roadways as automobiles become commonplace. Roadways join business nodes radially towards Boston, describing flow of capital.
agriculture/forestry
manufacturing
wholesale trade
finance/insurace
construction
services & sales
defense research/military facilities
mechanical/electrical
biotech
0 20 40 6010Kilometers
[Proportionally scaled per time period. Based on annual revenue of each industry] technology
[Source: Statistical Census 1870/1930/1967/2005, The Boston Region 1810-1850: A Study of Urbanization, Route 128 and the Birth of the Age of High Tech, Route 128: Lessons from Bostons High-Tech Community, Building Route 128, The State of the Region: Informative Facts and Figures About Metropolitan Boston, The State of the Region: A Statistical Report, The Roots of American Industrialization, 1790-1860, Boston Redevelopment Authority, Town of Weymouth, BostonRoads.com, National Park Service]
1908 Model-T Production 1929 Great Depression 1937 Recession 1941-1945 World War II 19451964 The Cold War 1861-1865 Civil War
1920s
1925
1926
1930s
1938
1936
1931
19391939
1937
19401940
1942
1940s
19421942
1945
1946
1946
1947
1948
19481948
19491949
1946
Hygrade Sylvania Corporation begins manufacturing fluorescent lamps in Salem, MA
Cambridge company General Radio manufactures first strobe developed at MIT
Baird Atomic founded in Cambridge, to develop and manufacture spectrographic
instruments for industrial and scientific use.
Raytheon becomes first company to offer transistors radios commercially, leading
manufacturer through the mid-1950s
US Army General Georges Doriot launches American Research & Development
[worlds first public venture capital fund] to support Boston start-up companies.
The Johnson family opens Fidelity investments in Boston, MA
1946
Putnam Investments is founded
North Shore Shopping Center; designed like a New England village, becomes first
shopping center on Route 128 and first on the east coast.
Eastern Science Company is founded by graduates from the MIT
American Appliance Company changes name to Raytheon and begins manufacturing
electronic. Later relocates to Waltham, MA.
Edwin Land drops out of Harvard; develops revolutionary material for polarizing light.
Radio Shack of Boston publishes first catalogpolarizing light.
IBM supports harvard grad in constructing huge electro-mechanical digital computer
New York financiers back Edwin Land to buy out his partner and start Polaroid
Radiation Laboratory formed at MIT as center for Allied radar and radio research
Raytheon wins small production contract with British government
Raytheon president Laurence Marshall develop radical new mass production method
for magnetron, producing 80% of all the magnetrons used by the Allies during the war
Polaroid undertakes wide range of defense projects including goggles, reconnaissance
cameras, gunnery training equipment and the experimental DOVE missile
Georges Doriot, Harvard professor, becomes US citizen and brigadier general in where
he helps revolutionize the design, development and delivery of military goods
Raytheon begins work continuous wave radar, designed for fast, accurate targeting
Navy contracts MIT to begins building the Whirlwind computer [completed in the early
1950s]. Continued funding by the Air Force contributes to development of SAGE
MIT affiliates develop silk substitute material for parachutes; establish the
manufacturing and research company Instron in Norwood, MA.
Polaroid introduces its first instant film camera
First suburban beltway-associated office/industrial parks established by Cabot & Forbes
and David Nassif Company in Needham near Route 128
Jay Forrester at MIT develops tiny magnetic iron `cores [RAM] .
Regions economy is built on farming and the manufacturing of shoes, textile, machine
tools, tires, automobiles and electrical equipment
Route 128 planned
Brandeis University founded in Waltham, near Route 128
1636
1808
1784
1826
1823
1811
1834
18351835
1836
1837
1844
1848
1860
1861
1897
The Massachusetts Bank, the first in Boston and second to open in the nation, is
created to support trade activities
First shoe factory opens in Weymouth, MA. The shoe industry employs roughly 75% of
local residents until World War II
Bostons Custom House Block is complete atop Long Wharf
U.S. charter is approved to open the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Boston
Society of Natural History
Harvard College opens in Cambridge as the first post-secondary school in the Americas
Massachusetts first railroad charter is granted to the Granite Railway Company for
transporting granite from the Quincy quarries to the tidewaters of the Neponset River
The Globe Manufactory opens in Fall River
Construction begins on a new U.S. Custom House in Boston Harbor
Massachusetts three major pioneer railways are completed the Lowell, the
Providence, and the Worcester
U.S. Customhouse is built in Newburyports harbor
The Barnstable U.S. Customhouse and the New Bedford U.S. Customhouse are built
Natural bog iron is discovered in Weymouth, opening Weymouth Iron Works
The Old Colony Railroad extends lines through southern Massachusetts including
Weymouth and Abington
Lowell grows to be the largest industrial complex in the United States
The first North American subway opens in Boston
Bostons geography and location at the mouth of three rivers makes it ideal
location for trade. Boston becomes the capital of the Massachusetts
Bay Colony and an important headquarters of New World
volume is the largest in North America, four times that of New York. Ports increase
Trading diversifies to world ports when British relations decline. Bostons trading
along the Massachusetts coast
Lowell founds Lowell, MA as a planned manufacturing center for textiles.
Manufacturing spreads along the Merrimack River corridor and other Massachusetts
waterways and ports
1814
Francis Cabbot Lowell establishes the Boston Manufacturing Companys first mill in
Waltham, MA
pre1930s
Petroleum replaces whale oil, textiles and manufacturing relocate to the Southeast
United States. Massachusetts manufacturing, maritime, and trade economies dwindle
1901
The last of Bostons Custom House District warehouses is built near Central Wharf by
coffee and tea traders Chase and Sanborn
1819
The Salem Customhouse is built on Derby Wharf to regulate the flow of port goods
1826
Publishing supporting financial and trading news accounts for one in ten Boston
manufacturing firms, is the fourth largest city employer, and publishing capital
comprises 42% of all city investment
1931
19401940
Harpers Magazine calls Lowell a depressed industrial desert with only three textile
corporations still active and over a third of the population on relief without work
MIT opens Radiation Laboratory to assist the British in developing microwave radar
1940
For the first time in history, Boston sees a decline in population as roads and highways
ease mobility to surrounding areas
1941
The National Defense Research Committee (NDRC) is formed to coordinate,
supervise, and conduct scientific research on the problems underlying the
development, production, and use of mechanisms and devices of warfare.
The Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) supercedes the NDRC in
coordinating scientific research for military purposes. MIT is one of the select
institutions to receive funding
1630
post 1783
1600
finance and government
REGIONAL ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
State Street was founded in 1792
1630
1970
REGIONAL ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
agriculture/forestry
manufacturing
wholesale trade
finance/insurace
construction
services & sales
defense research/military facilities
mechanical/electrical
biotech
0 20 40 6010Kilometers
[Proportionally scaled per time period. Based on annual revenue of each industry] technology
[Source: Statistical Census 1870/1930/1967/2005, The Boston Region 1810-1850: A Study of Urbanization, Route 128 and the Birth of the Age of High Tech, Route 128: Lessons from Bostons High-Tech Community, Building Route 128, The State of the Region: Informative Facts and Figures About Metropolitan Boston, The State of the Region: A Statistical Report, The Roots of American Industrialization, 1790-1860, Boston Redevelopment Authority, Town of Weymouth, BostonRoads.com, National Park Service]
19451964 The Cold War 1973 Oil Crisis 1987 Black Monday
1971
1971
1971
1972
1976
1975
1974
1976
1977
1976
19781978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1982
1985
1985
1986
1987
1973
1988
1988
1988
1989
1989
As older industries continue to drop, Massachusetts unemployment rate exceeds 12%
Digital Equipment Corporation ships its 30,000th minicomputer
Digital Equipment Corporation employs 120,000 people, [roughly halff Massachusetts],
achieves market value of $24 billion and ranks 38 on the Fortune 500
New England remains leader in shoe industry, manufacturing 40% of US. purchases
Massachusetts Biotechnology council founded
Digital Equipment Corporation goes public with an initial public offering value of $37
million, earning a 101% annualized return on investment for ARD.
Shire PLC based in Dublin, Ireland opens biotech office in Lexington Massachusetts.
Honeywell merges its computer business with General Electric to form Honeywell
Government cuts in defense and space programs lead to massive unemployment along
Route 128. Many people relocate to other states
German Biotech Merck KGaA opens offices in Rockland, MA [EMD Serono ] and
Geneva, Switerland [Merck Serono].
Advanced Instruments starts branch biotech company Spiral in Norwood
Masss High Technology Council forms to promote interests of high tech industry
Cullinane Corporation founded in 1968, becomes first software company to go public
EMC founded; initially to produce memory for minicomputers.
Make It In Massachusetts campaign from the administration of Governor Ed King
promotes resurgence of business activity
IBM introduces its personal computer threatening Massachusetts minicomputer
As high tech growth makes unemployment a non-issue, talk of Massachusetts Miracle
Advanced Instruments starts Mart Microbiology, a satellite company in Drachten
[northern Netherlands]
Organogenesis Inc. is established in Canton, MA with operations in the U.S. and
Switzerland. Today there are 300 U.S. employees
Physical assets of United Shoe Machinery in Beverly are auctioned off as international
competition mounts and nearly all US shoe manufacturers are out of business
Stetson Shoe of Weymouth closes its factory after over one hundred years
Apollo in Chelmsford, MA announces the first graphic super computers
Hewlett-Packard acquires Apollo for $476M
Computer Associates acquires Cullinet for $333M
1960
1961
1963
19671967
1968
1968
Compugraphic Corporation in Brookline to harness computer technology to typesetting
Tyco founded to do experimental work for the government
Freeze dried food & tube food for astronauts developed at Natick Army Labs
Raytheon HAWK becomes first missile to intercept and hit another missile
General Radio moves to new factory near train station in West Concord
Dr. Orrie Friedman leaves faculty position at Brandeis University to launch the worlds
first biotechnology company, Waltham-based Collaborative Research, Inc
First specialized graphics terminals developed at MIT Lincoln Laboratories
(Sketchpad), beginning the computer-aided design (CAD) era
National Institute of Health encourages Thermo-Electron to develop power source for
artificial heart
First issue of Computerworld is published in Newton, MA
19601960196019601960
Pharmaceutical Biotech Cytosol Laboratories opens in Braintree, MA
Information Systems
Competition forces Bowmar to files for bankruptcy and exits the calculator market
MIT trained Polaroid engineer Tom Scholz later starts Waltham company to develop
and manufacture technology for musicians
W. Gilbert and A. Maxam at Harvard devise method for sequencing DNA using
chemicals rather than enzymes, accelerating growth of biotechnologies sector in region
first true pocket calculator
Massachusetts Miracle and promise to America of good jobs at good wages
Massachusetts Governor Mike Dukakis run for presidency, partly on strength of
Polaroid introduces SX-70 Single Lens Reflex instant color camera and continues to
expand with film and camera manufacturing in Waltham and Norwood
1951
1951
1951
Walthams Bleachery and Dye Works closes; Raytheon buys plant
United Shoe Machinery Corp.of Beverly, MA starts division to create machines to
automate the manufacture of radios for General Motors.
Polaroid completes construction of its first plant off Route 128 in Waltham
Shoppers World opens in Framingham, first multi-story mall
Project Lincoln [later Lincoln Lab] is established by MIT to improve U.S. air defense
C.S. Draper of MIT begins development of inertial guidance for Polaris Missile, the first
missile to have an on board computer
Raytheons HAWK missile system is awarded by the Army
Advanced Instruments Inc. opened in Norwood, MA bringing electronic automation was
just beginning to be applied to laboratory methods. Today the early biotech owns
Thermo-Electron founded in Belmont by MIT researcher, Dr. George Hatsopoulos, to
develop thermionic energy technology the direct conversion of heat to electricity
ARD backed Digital Equipment Corportation begins producing worlds first
minicomputers in former Maynard woolen mill.
Servomechanisms Laboratory at MIT develops computer controlled milling machine.
Honeywell's Electronic Data Processing Division introduces its first computer, the
Datamatic 1000, based on vacuum tubes.
1952
1952
1953
1953
1954
1954
195419541954
1955
1956
19571957
1957
High Voltage Engineering moves to Burlington, MA. Pioneering radiation treatments for
cancer and developing tools for research in atomic physics
Route 128 opens from Danvers to Needham
David Clark Company, a Worcester, MA manufacturer of womens garments, is
contracted to produce pilots pressure suit for U-2 spy plane
Waltham Watch Company, pioneer of mass-produced timepieces, ceases
manufacturing operations. Symbolic of the decline of many older industries
US Army establishes Natick Lab in Sudbury, MA to research improvements in clothing,
food and equipment [Declared a federal Superfund site in 1994]
Lexington-based Itek founded with help of Rockefeller investment, begins secret
development of Corona, the first spy satellites for US government.
MITRE, a non-profit defense research lab with roots at MIT, is launched in Burlington,
Artificial Intelligence Laboratory is started at MIT
1957
1958
1959
1956
Construction of Route 3 bisects Weymouth
1950s
Bowmar Instrument Corp, Acton, MA; a manufacturer of LED displays, introduces the
The elevated Central Artery freeway is constructed through Bostons downtown,
separating many neighborhoods and business districts, including the
now-inactive Long Wharf port from the financial district
1950
The regional economy of Boston is resilient in its fluctuation to find niche markets and compete economically. Originally a port city for English goods, tied to natural resources and waterways for exporting, the region has evolved from industrial manufacturing to wholesale entrepreneurship to high finance to technological pioneering. Transportation infrastructure [i.e. waterways, railways and highways] has dictated the transformation of the areas economic landscape; these systems describe migratory patterns of industries, workforce relocation and concentration of wealth. Industries rearrange in response to each introduction to new means of mobility. Often the remnant of one industry becomes underpinning support for the new. The presence of academic research institutions, government funding and infrastructure has enabled a diverse economic evolution. Current economic conditions rely on finance/insurance and technological and biological research businesses. These industries are supported by smaller sectors of the workforce. Regional industries no longer transport goods but transfer knowledge, ideas and wealth to a global market through an intangible landscape of communication. The profitability of Greater Boston is dependent on the productivity of these international relationships. Banks not only support the region, but also have a presence overseas. Advancements made by thriving technology labs are not necessarily produced locally. These economic shifts reference the global nature of the regions original trading industries, though products and means of transport are significantly different. Boston has repurposed its culture of exchange and now participates in complex global flows of wealth and production.
left: An influx of defense spending combined with innovative science revives the regional economy post-WWII era. The U.S. Military supports further research in electronics, computer science, radio, radiation and nuclear physics at MIT labs and private corporations. Research innovations spawn technology businesses. Increased regional capital prompts sales and service sectors, and strengthens finance/insurance. As traditional manufacturing shrinks, new electronic/tech operations occupy empty facilities and sites. Massachusetts begins systematizing roadways encouraging business growth west/north of Boston. The workforce follows businesses in new suburban growth patterns, depopulating Bostons center. To the south, post-industrial economy lags.right: Unemployment spikes in 1978 as military funding fades concurrent to further declines in traditional industries. Scientific innovation evolves to include biotechnology and medical research industries, contingent on academic work at MIT and Harvard. High-tech computer/electronic industries continue to grow as products begin to enter the mainstream market. By the 1980s Route 128 businesses reconstruct the economy and employment dubbing the area the Massachusetts Miracle. Vehicular traffic and business success along the highways motivates the continuation and widening of local connectors. Manufacturing and wholesale have new adjacencies along major roadways [i.e. I-495], abandoning historic patterns of proximity to geographic waterways and landforms..
-
67
1970
REGIONAL ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
agriculture/forestry
manufacturing
wholesale trade
finance/insurace
construction
services & sales
defense research/military facilities
mechanical/electrical
biotech
0 20 40 6010Kilometers
[Proportionally scaled per time period. Based on annual revenue of each industry] technology
[Source: Statistical Census 1870/1930/1967/2005, The Boston Region 1810-1850: A Study of Urbanization, Route 128 and the Birth of the Age of High Tech, Route 128: Lessons from Bostons High-Tech Community, Building Route 128, The State of the Region: Informative Facts and Figures About Metropolitan Boston, The State of the Region: A Statistical Report, The Roots of American Industrialization, 1790-1860, Boston Redevelopment Authority, Town of Weymouth, BostonRoads.com, National Park Service]
19451964 The Cold War 1973 Oil Crisis 1987 Black Monday
1971
1971
1971
1972
1976
1975
1974
1976
1977
1976
19781978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1982
1985
1985
1986
1987
1973
1988
1988
1988
1989
1989
As older industries continue to drop, Massachusetts unemployment rate exceeds 12%
Digital Equipment Corporation ships its 30,000th minicomputer
Digital Equipment Corporation employs 120,000 people, [roughly halff Massachusetts],
achieves market value of $24 billion and ranks 38 on the Fortune 500
New England remains leader in shoe industry, manufacturing 40% of US. purchases
Massachusetts Biotechnology council founded
Digital Equipment Corporation goes public with an initial public offering value of $37
million, earning a 101% annualized return on investment for ARD.
Shire PLC based in Dublin, Ireland opens biotech office in Lexington Massachusetts.
Honeywell merges its computer business with General Electric to form Honeywell
Government cuts in defense and space programs lead to massive unemployment along
Route 128. Many people relocate to other states
German Biotech Merck KGaA opens offices in Rockland, MA [EMD Serono ] and
Geneva, Switerland [Merck Serono].
Advanced Instruments starts branch biotech company Spiral in Norwood
Masss High Technology Council forms to promote interests of high tech industry
Cullinane Corporation founded in 1968, becomes first software company to go public
EMC founded; initially to produce memory for minicomputers.
Make It In Massachusetts campaign from the administration of Governor Ed King
promotes resurgence of business activity
IBM introduces its personal computer threatening Massachusetts minicomputer
As high tech growth makes unemployment a non-issue, talk of Massachusetts Miracle
Advanced Instruments starts Mart Microbiology, a satellite company in Drachten
[northern Netherlands]
Organogenesis Inc. is established in Canton, MA with operations in the U.S. and
Switzerland. Today there are 300 U.S. employees
Physical assets of United Shoe Machinery in Beverly are auctioned off as international
competition mounts and nearly all US shoe manufacturers are out of business
Stetson Shoe of Weymouth closes its factory after over one hundred years
Apollo in Chelmsford, MA announces the first graphic super computers
Hewlett-Packard acquires Apollo for $476M
Computer Associates acquires Cullinet for $333M
1960
1961
1963
19671967
1968
1968
Compugraphic Corporation in Brookline to harness computer technology to typesetting
Tyco founded to do experimental work for the government
Freeze dried food & tube food for astronauts developed at Natick Army Labs
Raytheon HAWK becomes first missile to intercept and hit another missile
General Radio moves to new factory near train station in West Concord
Dr. Orrie Friedman leaves faculty position at Brandeis University to launch the worlds
first biotechnology company, Waltham-based Collaborative Research, Inc
First specialized graphics terminals developed at MIT Lincoln Laboratories
(Sketchpad), beginning the computer-aided design (CAD) era
National Institute of Health encourages Thermo-Electron to develop power source for
artificial heart
First issue of Computerworld is published in Newton, MA
19601960196019601960
Pharmaceutical Biotech Cytosol Laboratories opens in Braintree, MA
Information Systems
Competition forces Bowmar to files for bankruptcy and exits the calculator market
MIT trained Polaroid engineer Tom Scholz later starts Waltham company to develop
and manufacture technology for musicians
W. Gilbert and A. Maxam at Harvard devise method for sequencing DNA using
chemicals rather than enzymes, accelerating growth of biotechnologies sector in region
first true pocket calculator
Massachusetts Miracle and promise to America of good jobs at good wages
Massachusetts Governor Mike Dukakis run for presidency, partly on strength of
Polaroid introduces SX-70 Single Lens Reflex instant color camera and continues to
expand with film and camera manufacturing in Waltham and Norwood
1951
1951
1951
Walthams Bleachery and Dye Works closes; Raytheon buys plant
United Shoe Machinery Corp.of Beverly, MA starts division to create machines to
automate the manufacture of radios for General Motors.
Polaroid completes construction of its first plant off Route 128 in Waltham
Shoppers World opens in Framingham, first multi-story mall
Project Lincoln [later Lincoln Lab] is established by MIT to improve U.S. air defense
C.S. Draper of MIT begins development of inertial guidance for Polaris Missile, the first
missile to have an on board computer
Raytheons HAWK missile system is awarded by the Army
Advanced Instruments Inc. opened in Norwood, MA bringing electronic automation was
just beginning to be applied to laboratory methods. Today the early biotech owns
Thermo-Electron founded in Belmont by MIT researcher, Dr. George Hatsopoulos, to
develop thermionic energy technology the direct conversion of heat to electricity
ARD backed Digital Equipment Corportation begins producing worlds first
minicomputers in former Maynard woolen mill.
Servomechanisms Laboratory at MIT develops computer controlled milling machine.
Honeywell's Electronic Data Processing Division introduces its first computer, the
Datamatic 1000, based on vacuum tubes.
1952
1952
1953
1953
1954
1954
195419541954
1955
1956
19571957
1957
High Voltage Engineering moves to Burlington, MA. Pioneering radiation treatments for
cancer and developing tools for research in atomic physics
Route 128 opens from Danvers to Needham
David Clark Company, a Worcester, MA manufacturer of womens garments, is
contracted to produce pilots pressure suit for U-2 spy plane
Waltham Watch Company, pioneer of mass-produced timepieces, ceases
manufacturing operations. Symbolic of the decline of many older industries
US Army establishes Natick Lab in Sudbury, MA to research improvements in clothing,
food and equipment [Declared a federal Superfund site in 1994]
Lexington-based Itek founded with help of Rockefeller investment, begins secret
development of Corona, the first spy satellites for US government.
MITRE, a non-profit defense research lab with roots at MIT, is launched in Burlington,
Artificial Intelligence Laboratory is started at MIT
1957
1958
1959
1956
Construction of Route 3 bisects Weymouth
1950s
Bowmar Instrument Corp, Acton, MA; a manufacturer of LED displays, introduces the
The elevated Central Artery freeway is constructed through Bostons downtown,
separating many neighborhoods and business districts, including the
now-inactive Long Wharf port from the financial district
1950
The regional economy of Boston is resilient in its fluctuation to find niche markets and compete economically. Originally a port city for English goods, tied to natural resources and waterways for exporting, the region has evolved from industrial manufacturing to wholesale entrepreneurship to high finance to technological pioneering. Transportation infrastructure [i.e. waterways, railways and highways] has dictated the transformation of the areas economic landscape; these systems describe migratory patterns of industries, workforce relocation and concentration of wealth. Industries rearrange in response to each introduction to new means of mobility. Often the remnant of one industry becomes underpinning support for the new. The presence of academic research institutions, government funding and infrastructure has enabled a diverse economic evolution. Current economic conditions rely on finance/insurance and technological and biological research businesses. These industries are supported by smaller sectors of the workforce. Regional industries no longer transport goods but transfer knowledge, ideas and wealth to a global market through an intangible landscape of communication. The profitability of Greater Boston is dependent on the productivity of these international relationships. Banks not only support the region, but also have a presence overseas. Advancements made by thriving technology labs are not necessarily produced locally. These economic shifts reference the global nature of the regions original trading industries, though products and means of transport are significantly different. Boston has repurposed its culture of exchange and now participates in complex global flows of wealth and production.
left: An influx of defense spending combined with innovative science revives the regional economy post-WWII era. The U.S. Military supports further research in electronics, computer science, radio, radiation and nuclear physics at MIT labs and private corporations. Research innovations spawn technology businesses. Increased regional capital prompts sales and service sectors, and strengthens finance/insurance. As traditional manufacturing shrinks, new electronic/tech operations occupy empty facilities and sites. Massachusetts begins systematizing roadways encouraging business growth west/north of Boston. The workforce follows businesses in new suburban growth patterns, depopulating Bostons center. To the south, post-industrial economy lags.right: Unemployment spikes in 1978 as military funding fades concurrent to further declines in traditional industries. Scientific innovation evolves to include biotechnology and medical research industries, contingent on academic work at MIT and Harvard. High-tech computer/electronic industries continue to grow as products begin to enter the mainstream market. By the 1980s Route 128 businesses reconstruct the economy and employment dubbing the area the Massachusetts Miracle. Vehicular traffic and business success along the highways motivates the continuation and widening of local connectors. Manufacturing and wholesale have new adjacencies along major roadways [i.e. I-495], abandoning historic patterns of proximity to geographic waterways and landforms..
19952000 Dot-com Bubble 2008 Housing Market Crashmid 1990s Internet in common
1991
1991
[United States unemployment rate from1929-1998]
1932 1932
[Massachusetts annual revenue by industry from 1870-2005, in millions]
23.6%
$1 million
200,000
100,000
50,000
1870 2000
Canadian company Biotechnology Medical Services is founded. Today company serves
markets in 60 countries with subsidiaries located in France, UAE, Lebanon, Egypt and
USA [including greater Boston].
Biotech pioneer, Collaborative Research, research products division sold to
Becton, Dickinson and Company, name changed to Genome
Therapeutics, Corp.
1992
1993
1998
1998
1998
1999
2003
2005
2007
2008
2008
2009
2010
Massachusettss senate passes Life-Sciences Bill passes. Investing 1 billion dollars into
expanding the states life science industry
Cytosol Laboratories is purchased by Biomet based in Warsaw, Indiana
EMC software revenue reaches $445 million, making EMC the worlds fastest-growing
major software company
EMC purchases Data General for $1.1 billion
Eastern Science Company moved to Rowley, MA and begins concentrating on the
manufacturing of silicon chips
Digital Equipment Corporation purchased by PC-maker, Compaq for $9.6 billion
Millennium International Technology, Inc. established as a U.S based global biotech
company with locations in Canton and Avon, MA
Advanced Instruments acquires Delta Instruments, a Netherlands based company
specializing in technical dairy and food equipment
The biotech pioneer and Professor of Chemistry Emeritus, Dr. Orrie Friedman, pledges
$3.5 million to endow a chair in chemistry at Brandeis University
Japanese based company Takeda purchases Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc. of
Cambridge for 8.8 billion dollars
New York based biotech Bristol-Myers Squibb opens new pharmaceutical
manufacturing facility in Devens, Massachusetts with 350 employees
BioSphere Medical, Inc. established in Rockland, MA with connected companies in
Europe, the Middle East, Africa and India, talk of Massachusetts Miracle
Tyco is purchased by Covidien, LTD a biotech company based in Dublin, Ireland with
U.S. headquarters in Mansfield, MA
2004
Fidelity established an office in Mumbai, India with nearly 7000 employees
1999
2007
Great-West Life Assurance Company of Canada purchases Putnam Investments
The regional economy of Boston is resilient in its fluctuation to find niche markets and compete economically. Originally a port city for English goods, tied to natural resources and waterways for exporting, the region has evolved from industrial manufacturing to wholesale entrepreneurship to high finance to technological pioneering. Transportation infrastructure [i.e. waterways, railways and highways] has dictated the transformation of the areas economic landscape; these systems describe migratory patterns of industries, workforce relocation and concentration of wealth. Industries rearrange in response to each introduction to new means of mobility. Often the remnant of one industry becomes underpinning support for the new. The presence of academic research institutions, government funding and infrastructure has enabled a diverse economic evolution. Current economic conditions rely on finance/insurance and technological and biological research businesses. These industries are supported by smaller sectors of the workforce. Regional industries no longer transport goods but transfer knowledge, ideas and wealth to a global market through an intangible landscape of communication. The profitability of Greater Boston is dependent on the productivity of these international relationships. Banks not only support the region, but also have a presence overseas. Advancements made by thriving technology labs are not necessarily produced locally. These economic shifts reference the global nature of the regions original trading industries, though products and means of transport are significantly different. Boston has repurposed its culture of exchange and now participates in complex global flows of wealth and production.
left: The network of highways, roads, rails and mass transit lines allow business to infill the Greater Boston area, creating a distinction between the inside and outside of I-495. The centrally located financial district holds much of the regions capital in a few large international corporations; implying high risk in the possibility of financial institutions closing or relocating. The areas technology/research industries have continued to diversify, spreading smaller labs and facilities throughout eastern Massachusetts. With smaller revenues the 1000+ technology businesses in the area accumulate a significant portion of the local economy, while still participating in the global market. The regions 50 institutions of higher education contribute to an increasing trend of professional jobs in the area.
1990
2004
State Street purchased Deutsche Bank's securities services becoming the largest
security services firm in the world
Fleet Financial Group and BankBoston merge into FleetBoston Financial bank
2004
Bank of America purchases FleetBoston Financial bank keeping local headquarters
1999
Price Waterhouse and Coopers & Lybrand merged to create PricewaterhouseCoopers,
one of the worlds largest professional services firm
REGIONAL ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
agriculture/forestry
manufacturing
wholesale trade
finance/insurace
construction
services & sales
defense research/military facilities
mechanical/electrical
biotech
0 20 40 6010Kilometers
[Proportionally scaled per time period. Based on annual revenue of each industry] technology
[Source: Statistical Census 1870/1930/1967/2005, The Boston Region 1810-1850: A Study of Urbanization, Route 128 and the Birth of the Age of High Tech, Route 128: Lessons from Bostons High-Tech Community, Building Route 128, The State of the Region: Informative Facts and Figures About Metropolitan Boston, The State of the Region: A Statistical Report, The Roots of American Industrialization, 1790-1860, Boston Redevelopment Authority, Town of Weymouth, BostonRoads.com, National Park Service]
BostonOverseasDomestic
[Tenure of Regional Companies]
KnowledgeProducts
[Modes of Exchange]
ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHIES: Boston Metropolitan RegionGraduate School of Design, Fall 2010
Critics Pierre Belanger & Christian Werthmann
Collaboration with A. Scottie McDaniel
Historical mappings of industry distribution, capital flows,
and employee migration show the resounding connections
between regional economy and the geography of natural
resources and established corridors of transportation
since industrialization in the Boston metropolitan region.
These relationships evolved together as the economy
of eastern Massachusetts transitioned from an industrial
economy organized around waterways to a global biotech
and information economy organized around highway and
internet infrastructures. Geo-economic understandings
provided background for studio work.
Research & Visualization . Economic Geographies
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio68
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69
SHRINKING CITIES: A Card Game for BaltimoreGraduate School of Design, Fall 2011
Critic: Jill Desimini
Individual work
In an advanced research seminar that explored the
landscape issues and potentials of shrinking American
cities, the format of a card game provides a typology
within which players can reframe the dialogue around
the shrinking city of Baltimore to focus on its vast
possibilities. This card game explores the mythology of
famous Baltimore foods, unravelling the stories behind
the landscapes and people that produced them and the
physical legacies theyve left in the urban environment,
While celebrating existing heritage, additional facts on
currently under-utilized resources, places and potentials
can be paired by players into new myths for the city.
To know the myths is to learn the secret of the origins of
things. In other words, one learns not only how things came
into existence, but also where to nd them and how to make
them reappear when they disappear. Mircea Eliade,
Myth and Reality
Research & Visualization . Shrinking Cities
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Emily Gordon . 2012 Por tfolio70
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A NEW TYPE OF COMMUNITY GARDEN
A plant never drops a single seed. They spread hundreds. Thousands, even. We believe that collaboration is more effective than any individual acting alone. By creating an online community of gardeners, we create a common ground for collaborations to transform places. Look around. The whole city can become your garden. MORE>>
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GROUNDCOVER: The Mixed-Reality CityGraduate School of Design, Spring 2010
Critics: Jesse Shapins & James Burns
Collaboration with Sara Newey
The Mixed-Reality City explores the use of mobile and
social media to respond to the provocation that the
contemporary city is constituted by multiple overlapping,
intermixing realities, articulated between built form and
imagined space, individuated experience and collective
memory, embodied sensation and digital mediation.
GROUNDCOVER is an interactive project that employs
a website with mobile media and social media tools to
instigate safe but active collaborative practice for a local
community of guerilla gardenersthose who transform
the look of vacant lots and abandoned land with chosen
plants.
All website graphics in collaboration with Sara Newey, web
scripting and construction with Jesse Shapins and Kyle Parry,
at the metLAB (at) Harvard and the Sensory Ethnography
Lab, Harvard University.
A NEW TYPE OF COMMUNITY GARDEN
Community gardens are in high demand. Despite increased interest, the city of Somerville is able to provide only eight gardens for nearly 80,000 residents. Getting a plot requires a lot of patience. You will spend at least two years on the waiting list, behind hundreds of others hoping for a small bit of garden. But look around. When you begin to see through the eyes of a guerrilla gardener, the whole city can become your garden. Read about how, and take part in planting.
ORPHANED LAND
Less than 0.02% of land is used for community gardens in Somerville, but there is much more free space. 10% of the city is orphaned in vacant lots, barren medians, and highway or railroad buffers. Spontaneous vegetation, or weeds, have probably already noticed these sites and moved in on their own. With a few simple tactics, these spaces can become your new community gardens. It might not be your land, but you can choose what grows here. Give your neighborhood a new look.
EXPERIENTIAL OWNERSHIP
Just because someone else abandoned their lot, doesnt mean you should have to look at it. We believe in experiential ownershipthe idea that you can shape the experience of your neighborhood without having to technically hold the deed to the land. By sowing seeds across your local landscape, you can begin to claim ownership and take pride in the beautiful things that grow there.
THE ECOLOGY OF COMMUNITY
A plant never drops a single seed. They spread hundreds. Thousands, even. We believe that collaboration is more effective than any individual acting alone. In nature, ecologies are stronger when they are most diverse, and when all the parts work together. By creating an online community of gardeners, we create a common ground for collaborations to transform places. Join us.
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