Emigration to India

India

• Sir Walter Scott stated,• “We must send our younger sons as we send

our black cattle to the south.”

Scots in India

• Scots played an enormous and disproportionate role in the development of India during the 19th century.

• Scots were pivotal in the modernisation of India.

• Their contribution can be put into three categories….

Commerce

• 1857, large sections of India was controlled by the East India Company, rather than Britain.

• This company dwarfed global brands and at one time controlled one fifth of the world’s population.

• The company relied on a people to record the transactions.

• Scots, who had one of the best education systems in the world opened the gateway for many writers to go over.

Commerce

• Scots relied on the Indian economy. • Charles Bruce introduced tea in India and still

remains a huge export to this day. • Indigo planters (Peasant movement was

farmers run by their owners, Indigo planters.)• Indigo Planters enjoyed a rough and ready

lifestyle. • Jute opened up jobs. (Jute-can be spun into

fabrics.)

The Army

• Scots made up a large part of the Army.• This was shown in the Indian Mutiny in 1857

when Scots troops were at the helm of the mission to crush the mutineers.

• The seige of Lucknow, was lead by the Highlanders.

• Cawnpore was retaken by Scottish regiments.• Delhi was protect by Captain Robert Tyler

The Army

• Scots involved in the outcome of some of the mutineers/

• James Neill ordered them to lick victims’ blood before being executed.

• Also took part in the execution of some, including strapping the mutineers to the barrels of canons before firing them.

Civil Service

• Scots reached the rank of Governor General, second only to the British Monarch in terms of power.

• Lord Dalhousie-responsible for overseeing the modernisation of some areas in India.

• He overseen the introduction of railways, uniform postage, the telegraph, canals and roads.

Civil Service

• Engineers and administrators who were Scottish were at the heart of this development.

• (Scottish educational system allowed them to reside over others)

• Large areas of development designed by Scots.• Every day life supervised by Scots too. • Civil Service had Scottish supervisors and

managers.

Civil Service and education.

• Education was a speciality from Scotland.• Dr Alexander Duff and John Anderson set up

schools to provide education for Indians. • Flora Annie Steel who toured the Punjab,

inspected schools and delivered lessons. • Previously, girls had experienced very little

education at all, if any.

Also

• Indian life was touched by Scots.• Christian missionaries, like Dr John Wilson,

spread the word of Christ, as well as providing humanitarian aid.

• Medical world was also filled with Scots. • Scots wee behind the foundation of Indian

medical colleges.

TASK

1) You have 15 minutes to study the Indian topic and write down questions on it for your partner to do. Make them challenging, not one worded, closed questions.2) Make a start to the How fully question on page 48. (To be taken as homework.)