EMERIT The Industry-Driven Initiative on Advanced ... · of Advanced Materials represents for sure...
Transcript of EMERIT The Industry-Driven Initiative on Advanced ... · of Advanced Materials represents for sure...
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EMERIT
The Industry-Driven Initiative on Advanced Materials
for low carbon energy technologies
(Energy Materials for Europe – Research and Industry innovating Together)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 4
PART I – VISION …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9
Background and overall Vision of the Industry-Driven Initiative …………………..………………………………………………….. 9
Importance of Advanced Materials sector for the European economy & global business dynamics ………………. 11
Added value of action at EU level and implementation via an Industry-Driven Initiative compared to “business
as usual” ………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…… 13
Scope and objectives of the Industry-Driven Initiative in the context of Horizon 2020 programme ……………….. 14
PART II – RESEARCH AND INNOVATION STRATEGY ………………………………………………………………………………….... 16
Scope of R&D and Innovation challenges to be addressed – Architecture of the Industry-Driven Initiative ……. 16
Outline of the 19 Innovation Topics composing the EMERIT Industry-Driven Initiative …………………………….……. 18
Key Component 1 – Advanced Materials to increase the energy performance of buildings ……………………….….. 19
Key Component 2 – Advanced Materials to make renewable electricity technologies competitive ………….……. 24
Key Component 3 – Advanced Materials to enable energy system integration ………………………………………….….. 29
Key Component 4 – Advanced Materials to enable the decarbonisation of the power sector ………………….……. 32
Indicative timeline and recommended budget distribution to realize expected impacts ……………………………..... 35
Time delivery of expected impacts per Key Component and per Innovation Topic ………………………………….…..… 39
Spread of interest across the engaged Industry active in the various value chains ………………………………….…….. 43
PART III – EXPECTED IMPACTS ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…. 44
Expected impacts on Industry & Society ………………………………………………………………………………………………….….…. 44
Expected impacts of achieving the specific R&I objectives (overall impact of Industry-Driven Initiative at EU
scale) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………. 45
Arrangements to monitor & assess progress towards achieving desired effects (KPIs) ………………………..…..……. 46
Additionality to existing activities, added value of action at EU level and of public intervention using EU funds
(benefits of an Industry-Driven Initiative compared to other options) ……………………………………………………...…… 51
Ability to leverage additional industrial investments in research & innovation and monitoring of industrial
commitments …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……. 53
PART IV – GOVERNANCE AND INFORMATION ON THE LEGAL ENTITY AND SUGGESTED ROLES FOR THE
INDUSTRY-DRIVEN INITIATIVE PARTNERS ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 57
Governance model of the Industry-Driven Initiative ………………………………………………………………………………..…….. 57
Statutes and modus operandi of the EMIRI association ……………………………………………………………………………….... 59
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ANNEX I – ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS …………………………………………………………………………………………..……. 61
ANNEX II – DESCRIPTION OF THE EMIRI ASSOCIATION ………………………………………………………………………………. 64
ANNEX III – BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE 19 INNOVATION TOPICS OF THE EMERIT IDI ……….……………………….. 67
ANNEX IV – SELECTION OF KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ADVANCED MATERIALS
AND LOW CARBON ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES …………………………………………………………………………… 86
ANNEX V – REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………….. 96
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
EMERIT (Energy Materials for Europe – Research and Industry innovating Together) is the Industry-Driven
Initiative (IDI) on Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies put together by the EMIRI association.
In frame of Energy Union 1, Europe has the crucial strategic objective of providing citizens and businesses with a
more secure access to more affordable and more sustainable energy. To reduce carbon dioxide emissions, the
power sector will have to contribute more than others through resorting to low carbon energy technologies 2.
The adoption and deployment across Europe of low carbon energy technologies require however further cost
reduction 3. Advanced Materials (such as plastics, glass, steel, non-ferrous metals, ceramics …) accounting for an
important share of the cost of these technologies, it is therefore necessary to innovate constantly in field of
Advanced Materials to accelerate the transformation of our energy system to low carbon energy 4.
In frame of the Energy Union of President Juncker, the recent Communication to the European Parliament on the
Integrated SET Plan 5 acknowledges the need for innovation. Among the 10 key actions outlined, sustaining
technological leadership of EU by developing highly performant low carbon energy technologies, and reducing the
cost of these technologies are clearly enabled by Advanced Materials.
To reduce the cost & the risk and to accelerate innovation in Advanced Materials, about 60 industry players and
research organizations spread over 19 countries teamed up through EMIRI 6 (the Energy Materials Industrial
Research Initiative) and put together the EMERIT Industry-Driven Initiative on Advanced Materials for low carbon
energy technologies. Strongly aligned with innovation priorities of Industry & SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 3, the
Industry-Driven Initiative will bridge the gap between the lab and the market.
Based on reinforced public-private interactions, EMERIT is fully aligned with the SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 3
and the Integrated SET Plan Communication 5 aiming at accelerating the transformation of the European Energy
System through various key actions including more efficient and effective research & innovation across Europe.
The EMERIT Industry-Driven Initiative will
� Identify clear priorities for industrial growth & jobs in EU-based sector of Advanced Materials for low carbon
energy technologies
� Develop a strong presence in Europe of innovation ecosystems and manufacturing value chains
� By innovating with Advanced Materials fit to serve the demanding & growing market of low carbon energy
technologies
Advanced Materials represent a strong opportunity for Europe, its Industry and its citizens
The EU-based sector of Advanced Materials is estimated at 650 billion euro, employing more than 2.5 million people
(in direct jobs and 4 times more in indirect jobs) supporting the manufacturing in EU of more than 300 million tons
of materials 7. For any additional billion of revenues generated by the EU-based sector, 4.000 direct jobs are created.
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Also more than 3% of revenues are commonly re-invested into R&D leading to creation of 6.000 direct jobs for
researchers per billion euro re-invested into R&D 8.
The EU-based segment of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies is estimated at 30 billion euro in
2015, employing more than 110.000 people in direct jobs and beyond 500.000 people when considering indirect
jobs as well 7. The Industry developing, manufacturing, and commercializing Advanced Materials for low carbon
energy technologies typically invests 800 million euro per year in R&D (about 3% R&D intensity) as well as 2 billion
euro per year in capital expenditures. It also employs 5.000 people in R&D (close to 5% of all workforce) 8.
Compared to investment in R&D in Europe of the whole manufacturing sector active in SET plan technologies (the
whole value chain of companies manufacturing materials, chemicals, components, devices, systems), the Industry
of Advanced Materials represents for sure a significant part. Jobs in Advanced Materials for low carbon energy
technologies represent around 50% of total EU-based jobs in renewable energy when comparing on the direct &
indirect jobs basis 7, 9. Europe-based Industry of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies represents
more jobs than any renewable energy value chain in Europe (and more than solar and wind together) 7,9.
Europe must seize the opportunity to establish Industrial Leadership in this growing segment or this opportunity
will be captured by others 10. Indeed the capacity for production of low carbon energy is already developing outside
EU, manufacturing of devices, components, Advanced Materials is moving to end-markets (leading to emergence
of new champions often at expense of historical players), innovation centers are also following the trend with some
delay 2, 9, 10. This creates future dependency risks on imported low carbon energy technologies.
The added value of acting at EU level through the EMERIT Industry-Driven Initiative
Long capital intensive development times in combination with substantial technology and commercialization risks
make it very difficult for a new material to go from lab to industrial scale production and then to the markets 11. It
often takes 10 – 15 years of R&I activities before Advanced Materials are ready for the market uptake. Therefore,
Industry and the European Commission need to partner to accelerate the innovation in the field. EU has a strong
position in research but a large gap appears between the technology base and the industrial uptake. It is the role
and one of the European Commission’s priorities to help companies bridge the innovation gap through risk sharing
funding of R&I actions to enable EU-based companies active in development and manufacturing of Advanced
Materials to seize the strong business opportunities to serve the high-growth markets in EU and globally.
The large budget put forth by the European Commission to fund research in key enabling technologies to address
societal challenges is not sufficient to cover the needs to develop the Advanced Materials enabling the SET plan
technologies. A strong partnership with industry is vital to provide most of the investment, develop common
innovation roadmaps & the derived work programmes adapted to industry’s realities and market needs. A strong
long-term partnership of private and public sectors focusing on innovation (Industry-Driven Initiative - IDI) is the
approach recommended by the Industry to reduce innovation risks and accelerate innovation. This would support
efforts to restore leadership of the EU materials industry to contribute to tackle both EU energy and manufacturing
challenges 10. Producing Advanced Materials will lead to cleaner, cheaper and secure energy while creating growth
and jobs by winning and serving growing markets in EU and globally.
The establishment of a public-private industry-driven initiative will contribute to sustaining and possibly growing
the R&D intensity (private R&D investment) of the Industry of Advanced Materials and trigger significant additional
private investment to develop new products and technologies, and reinvigorate industrial competitiveness. The
ratio of private funding over public funding (leverage factor) was estimated by EMIRI at up to 1.5 when restricting
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the TRL range between 4 to 7 (focus of IDI) and the ratio was estimated at up to 4 when considering the TRL range
of 4 to 9, i.e. taking a technology validated in the lab and bringing it to deployment. Based on scope of the IDI, it is
estimated that 600 million euro of funds (total coming from private side and public side) are needed to reach critical
innovation mass, reduce innovation risks and accelerate innovation. Bringing developments in Advanced Materials
to market would require up to 1.5 billion euro with private funds accounting for 80% of total.
Achieving the overarching objective of the IDI will, among others, contribute to …
� Getting the right Advanced Materials faster to the market by addressing innovation risks
(execution, adoption and co-innovation risks)
� Accelerating the development & deployment of low carbon energy technologies enabled by Advanced Materials
(contributing to tackle Energy Union Challenges)
� Enabling stronger and more competitive value chains to drive competitiveness of the sector and restore
Industrial Leadership of EU (contributing to EU Manufacturing Challenges of 20% of EU GDP from manufacturing
by 2020)
� Securing R&D and capital investments of the Industry in EU
� Safeguarding & creating quality jobs in EU for operators, researchers, engineers
Provided that policies driving innovation, manufacturing and market development of low carbon energy
technologies are in place across Europe, the annual turnover of EU-based segment producing Advanced Materials
for low carbon energy technologies could increase by more than 50% by 2025 (at more than 45 billion euro – this
corresponds to a compounded annual growth rate of 4%) 7. An additional 65.000 direct jobs could be generated
including up to 3.000 additional researchers in the industry 8. A strong increase in CAPEX is also expected to support
growth of Advanced Materials production.
Architecture of the Industry-Driven Initiative
The Industry-driven Initiative described herein aims at accelerating and risk-minimizing the innovation of Advanced
Materials to address the 2 crucial Energy Challenges facing Europe (i.e. (1) Energy Efficiency, (2) A competitive,
efficient, secure, sustainable and flexible Energy System) and explained in details in the SET Plan Integrated
Roadmap 3 published by the Commission.
The EMERIT IDI will implement an industry-driven market-oriented innovation work programme built around 4 Key
Components and consisting of Innovation Topics selected based on industrial interests and potential to deliver
strong impact.
� Key Component 1 – Advanced Materials to increase the energy performance of buildings
� Key Component 2 – Advanced Materials to make renewable electricity technologies competitive
� Key Component 3 – Advanced Materials to enable energy system integration
� Key Component 4 – Advanced Materials to enable the decarbonisation of the power sector
The successful execution of the Innovation Topics linked to the 4 Key Components will rely upon existing and
improved “Advanced Materials Competence Platforms” integrating the different innovation stakeholders operating
along the value chain. These “Advanced Materials Competence Platforms” build upon strong expertise developed
under FP7 in Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies, integrate the different innovation
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stakeholders operating along the value chains, empower the focus on Innovation needed in Horizon 2020 & beyond
and offer spillover effects for other applications of Advanced Materials (such as transport, health, ICT …)
Monitoring & assessing progress towards achieving desired effects through KPIs
The development of Advanced Materials is a lengthy, risky, competitive and costly process and it is therefore crucial
to monitor the progress of innovation efforts to reduce risks and accelerate commercialization.
Operational KPIs will be selected & monitored over time to evaluate the IDI as to its effectiveness and efficiency to
facilitate the achievement of the IDI objectives. Innovation KPIs will be used to guide the innovation of Advanced
Materials across the Innovation Topics and the Key Components. Innovation KPIs (on Advanced Materials
properties and on low carbon energy technologies using the improved Advanced Materials) will be defined,
measured and analyzed at levels of project(s) (Innovation Topic), the portfolio of projects sharing similarities (Key
Component) and finally at the level of the programme (Innovation Pillar). These Innovation KPIs are in line with KPIs
from SET Plan Materials Roadmap 12 & SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 3.
Important KPIs used to evaluate the impact of the IDI will be the business-oriented KPIs (those related to protecting
and developing Industrial leadership of EU-based players, creation of SMEs, new patents …). These Economical &
Societal KPIs are necessary to best orient innovation efforts and increase chances of valorization.
Economical & Societal KPIs will cover the technology development cycle and the market development cycle. To
make sense of it all and enable the assessment of the evolution of the industrial leadership of EU-based players, it
will be important to rely on information as to how global and regional markets are evolving in terms of size and
growth potential, mix of low carbon energy technologies, competitive intensity & profitability, key success factors
along the value chain. The involvement of Industry will be key here as well.
Governance model of the Industry-Driven Initiative
The IDI could be established on grounds similar to those adopted for cPPPs. Securing the commitment and
involvement of both parties would benefit from a contractual arrangement between the European Commission
(public side) and the EMIRI AISBL representing the private side of the partnership.
The contractual arrangement will specify the objectives of the IDI, the respective commitments of the partners, the
indicative financial contribution from European Commission for the rest of the Horizon 2020, a monitoring
mechanism based on KPIs. The contractual arrangement will outline the governance structure, including the
mechanisms by which the Commission will seek advice from the private partners. The IDI will be implemented
through competitive calls included in the R&I work programmes and within the rules of Horizon 2020.
Fulfilling the objectives of the contractual arrangement, definition of the Strategy of the IDI, implementation
mechanism for Strategy of the IDI will be performed under the leadership of the Steering Board.
The responsibility of tuning the Strategic Research & Innovation Agenda to take into account the market
developments & the technology needs as well as defining the annual work plans for Horizon 2020 will be in the
hands of the Advisory Committee. Inputs and advice from EMIRI through a regular dialogue with the European
Commission will be of importance to identify R&I activities to recommend for financial support under Horizon 2020.
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Is also recommended to create a Group of Representatives from the Members States and Associated Countries,
which will provide advice to the Steering Board and Advisory Committee and will be regularly consulted. Interfacing
with structures of the SET Plan Governance will be considered here.
The day-to-day management of the IDI will be the responsibility of the Executive Secretariat which will strongly
interact with the European Commission. It is anticipated that EMIRI will also play a key role in the Executive
Secretariat.
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PART I – VISION
Background and overall Vision of the Industry-Driven Initiative on Advanced Materials for low carbon energy
technologies
Driven by the climate and energy targets, the share of renewable energy in the EU has increased from 8.5% in 2005
to more than 15% in 2014 (with a share of 26% for electricity) and the energy efficiency in the EU has improved by
15.5% in 2013 compared to projections of primary energy consumption for 2020 13,14. The further development and
deployment of sustainable low-cost and highly efficient low carbon energy technologies is essential to ensure that
the EU achieves its 2020 and 2030 climate and energy targets and its long-term goal of reducing EU greenhouse gas
emissions by 80-95% by 2050 13,14. Developing in EU and massively rolling out these low carbon energy technologies
(renewable energy technologies, energy storage, energy efficiency, technologies for decarbonisation of power
sector) is also key to its energy security and is crucial to promote growth and jobs in the high tech manufacturing
sector.
Advanced Materials (such as plastics, glass, steel, non-ferrous metals, ceramics …) and manufacturing are Key
Enabling Technologies to reach these goals and accelerate the transformation of the European energy system (the
impact of Advanced Materials for the energy sector, measured as the fraction of growth that can be attributed to
Advanced Materials, is steadily growing from 10% in 1970 to an expected 70% in 2030) 15. Indeed, the cost of low
carbon energy technologies must keep coming down to ensure their adoption & deployment across EU. This is
made possible by reduction in cost, increase in performance, and extension of lifetime of the Advanced Materials
enabling these low carbon energy technologies. Figure 1 below illustrates the important share that Advanced
Materials represent in the cost of a battery cell (for energy storage technologies) as well as the two levers on which
innovation is pursued to reduce cost per unit of energy stored.
Figure 1. Cost breakdown of a battery cell illustrating the share of Advanced Materials per component of the battery cell
(cathode, anode, electrolyte, separator …)16.
To modernize the energy installations in short term and mid-term, a wide range of continuously improved Advanced
Materials are needed with right performance specifications, competitive costs, in sufficient large quantities and
stable quality. It is also crucial to prepare the future and engage in a step up and intensification of R&I efforts to
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ensure technology leadership of EU and offer support to the Industry, through risk-sharing instruments, to enable
EU-based companies active in development and manufacturing of Advanced Materials to seize these strong
business opportunities to serve the high-growth markets in EU and globally.
It takes often 10 – 15 years of R&I activities before Advanced Materials are developed and are ready for the market
uptake and become an everyday component of energy technologies 10,11. Together Industry and the European
Commission need to partner to accelerate the innovation in the field. EU has a strong position in research but a
large gap appears between the technology base and the industrial uptake 10,11. Long capital intensive development
times in combination with substantial technology and commercialization risks make it very difficult for a new
material to make the journey from the lab to industrial scale production and then to the markets.
It is the role and one of the European Commission’s priorities to help companies safely cross the critical
development phase (innovation gap) through risk sharing funding of R&I actions. The large budget put forth by the
European Commission to fund research in the field of key enabling technologies to address societal challenges will
not be sufficient to cover the needs to develop the Advanced Materials enabling the SET plan technologies. A strong
partnership with industry is vital to develop common innovation roadmaps and the derived work programmes
adapted to industry’s realities and market needs. Industry has the responsibility to provide most of the investment
and commitment needed to take these Advanced Materials from the lab to the markets but it is also the
responsibility of the European Commission to help Industry reduce the innovation risks to accelerate innovation as
well as create an appropriate policy framework for market development of low carbon energy technologies for the
benefit of the European Energy Union, the European Economy and the European citizens.
Industry must join forces with the European Commission and set common market-oriented industry-driven agendas
for innovation and the corresponding models for cooperation breaking the ground for a public-private Industry-
Driven Initiative (IDI). A strong long-term partnership of private and public sectors (Industry-Driven Initiative)
focusing through an Innovation Pillar (Figure 2) on reducing innovation risks & accelerating innovation is the
approach recommended by the Industry. This would support efforts to restore leadership of the EU materials
industry to contribute to tackle both EU energy and manufacturing challenges 10. Producing Advanced Materials will
lead to cleaner, cheaper and secure energy while creating growth and jobs by winning and serving growing markets
in EU and globally.
The IDI on Advanced Materials is driven by a dynamic grouping of Industry players and research players teaming up
in the frame of EMIRI and interfacing with existing ETPs & relevant Associations. The priorities (Innovation Topics)
supported by the members of EMIRI are strongly in line with elements listed in the SET Plan Materials Roadmap 12
and the SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 3. In that respect, a future IDI with EMIRI playing a pivotal role in its
establishment and its execution can be considered as the necessary implementation arm of the recommended
actions on Advanced Materials outlined in the SET Plan Integrated Roadmap document released by the European
Commission early December 2014. Moreover, the industrial research and demonstration actions (TRL 4 to 7) listed
in the document are exactly tailored to the Innovation Pillar of the EMERIT IDI which translates the technology
assets to market needs with high risks but also high gains.
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Figure 2. Positioning of the Innovation Pillar of the IDI as the tool to translate technology to market.
The establishment of a public-private industry-driven initiative will contribute to sustaining and possibly growing
the R&D intensity (private R&D investment) of the Industry of Advanced Materials and trigger significant additional
private investment to develop new technologies, products and services. It will also reinvigorate industrial
competitiveness across the EU. Estimation of the leverage factor to be expected was made by EMIRI. The ratio of
private funding over public funding was estimated at up to 1.5 when restricting the TRL range between 4 to 7 (which
is the focus of the present IDI) and the ratio was estimated to up to 4 when considering the TRL range of 4 to 9, i.e.
taking a technology concept validated in the lab and bringing it to deployment. Based on the scope of the IDI, it is
estimated that 600 million euro of funds (total coming from private side and public side) is needed to reach critical
innovation mass, reduce innovation risks and accelerate innovation within the TRL zone 4 to 7. Bringing
developments in Advanced Materials from TRL 4 to 9, i.e. to market access, would require up to 1.5 billion euro
with private funds accounting for at least 80% of total funds.
Importance of the Advanced Materials sector for the European economy & global business dynamics
According to the Oxford Study 17 realized for DG R&I, the market of Advanced Materials for energy applications
represents an important opportunity for the European Industry. The market is forecast by EU-endorsed study on
Value Added Materials (restrictive subset of Advanced Materials) to grow at 8% annual growth rate from a
conservative 14 billion euro in 2015 to 37 billion euro in 2030 and to an impressive 175 billion euro by 2050 in EU
accounting for about 6 to 8% of total market value for the derived energy applications 17. By 2050, the market for
Advanced Materials for energy applications should be higher than the market of Advanced Materials for transport
and the market of Advanced Materials for health combined 17.
However, in Advanced Materials for Energy, EU faces strong international competition at the expense of its
industrial leadership:
� End-markets of low carbon energy applications using Advanced Materials are strongly developing outside of
EU (e.g. Asia is rapidly developing its capacity for production of low carbon energy) 2
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� Manufacturing of devices, components, Advanced Materials for these low carbon energy technologies is
moving to end-markets and is established outside of EU (e.g. Asia is rapidly moving up the value chains, leading
to emergence of new champions often at expense of historical players) 9
� Innovation in field of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies is steadily following
manufacturing with EU excelling at basic research while the rest of the world also focuses on higher technology
readiness level research to innovate, manufacture and commercialize 10
� This creates future dependency risks on imported low carbon energy technologies
Counterbalancing this trend and building a strong European leadership with a global business reach requires the
development and implementation of a supportive European Policy Framework driving innovation, manufacturing
and market development of low carbon energy technologies in EU.
Based on public figures published by various trade associations, the EU-based (products manufactured in EU and
sold inside and outside of EU) sector of Advanced Materials (plastics, non-ferrous metals, steel, glass …) is estimated
at 650 billion euro, employing more than 2.5 million people (in direct jobs and around 4 times more in indirect jobs
along the various value chains served) supporting the manufacturing in EU of more than 300 million tons of
materials 7. More than 3% of revenues are commonly re-invested into R&D leading to creation of 6.000 direct jobs
for researchers & engineers each time 1 more billion euro is re-invested into R&D 8. For any additional billion of
revenues generated by the EU-based sector, 4.000 direct jobs are created and 60 million euro are invested as CAPEX
8.
The segment of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies is conservatively estimated by EMIRI’s
internal study at around 4-5% of EU-based sector but it is one with the highest growth potential 7. EMIRI estimates
the EU-based segment of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies at 30 billion euro in 2015,
employing more than 110.000 people (in direct jobs) 7. The Industry developing, manufacturing, and
commercializing Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies typically invests 800 million euro per year
in R&D (about 3% R&D intensity) as well as 2 billion euro per year in capital expenditures. It also employs 5.000
people in R&D (close to 5% of all workforce) 8. Compared to investment in R&D in Europe of the whole
manufacturing sector active in SET plan technologies (the whole value chain of companies manufacturing materials,
chemicals, components, devices, systems), we estimate the Industry of Advanced Materials represents a significant
part of total investment and it remains a strong EU-based part of the whole sector. The EU must seize the
opportunity to establish Industrial Leadership in this growing segment or this opportunity will be captured by
others.
Provided policies driving innovation, manufacturing and market development of low carbon energy technologies
are in place across Europe, the annual turnover of EU-based segment producing Advanced Materials for low carbon
energy technologies could increase by more than 50% by 2025 (at more than 45 billion euro in a conservative
assessment), generate an additional 65.000 direct jobs, provide job opportunities for close to 3.000 additional
researchers in the industry and lead to a strong increase in yearly CAPEX (Figure 3) 7,8.
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Figure 3. Conservative estimate of Europe-based industry of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies and its
potential for policy-driven growth 7,8.
Added value of action at EU level and implementation via an Industry-Driven Initiative compared to “business as
usual”
Turning the global challenge of low carbon, secure, affordable energy into an opportunity for the European Industry
and European citizens can best be done by acting swiftly at European level with a strong articulation with the
different sensitivities and priorities at Member State level.
In frame of the Energy Union of President Juncker, the recent Communication to the European Parliament on the
Integrated SET Plan 5 outlines 10 key actions among which sustaining technological leadership of EU by developing
highly performant low carbon energy technologies, and reducing the cost of these technologies are clearly enabled
by Advanced Materials.
The adoption and deployment across Europe of low carbon energy technologies require cost reduction and
Advanced Materials account for an important share of the cost of these technologies 3. It is therefore necessary to
innovate constantly in field of Advanced Materials to accelerate the transformation of our energy system to low
carbon energy 4.
Innovations based on Advanced Materials need to be developed at EU scale tapping into the broad range of
competences developed in past framework programmes and present at different stakeholders from research &
technology organizations, universities and industry spread over the continent.
EU now has most elements & tools needed to accelerate innovation and mitigate the risks. We strongly believe that
such an endeavour can only be achieved efficiently and effectively at EU level through the establishment in
reasonable delays of a sizeable and stable long term multi-annual Innovation Pillar. The Innovation Pillar will rely
upon a programmatic approach and offering Industry a clear outlook on where and how the EU is aligning its
innovation priorities and how this is translated into resources to support the innovation for the Energy Union.
The Innovation Pillar can be seen as an implementation programme for the contributions of Key Enabling
Technology (KET) of Advanced Materials to Energy Union 5 & its SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 3. The Innovation
Pillar will reinforce and develop technology leadership of EU-based industry of Advanced Materials. It will stimulate
EU-based manufacturing to contribute to the Europe-wide strategic objective of growing the share of
manufacturing to 20% of GDP by 2020 and beyond (Figure 4).
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Figure 4. Energy Union - Technology leadership and its translation into manufacturing supply chains 1
Recognized for a few years as a key enabling technology (KET) 18 to be supported by the European Commission,
Advanced Materials have already received a strong attention during the 7th EU Framework Programme (2007 –
2014). Within the NMP FP7 programme only, over 750 million euro of EU funding was used to support more than
170 projects related to materials for energy applications 19. These projects were very often hovering around low
technology readiness levels (more research than innovation) and resulted into a very weak valorization (low patent
intensity, low commercialization potential). However, a very strong base of competences on Advanced Materials
for low carbon energy technologies was created thanks to FP7 and it is now an ideal base to empower the focus on
innovation in Horizon 2020.
Implementation of the innovation agenda of the Industry-driven initiative will also benefit from interfacing with
other EU R&I mechanisms such as the European Energy Research Alliance (EERA) 20, the European University
Association & Energy Platform of the European Universities (EUA-EPUE) 21, the SET Plan European Technology and
Innovation Platforms (ETIP) developed in frame of review SET Plan Governance 22, the European Institute of
Technology Knowledge and Innovation Community (EIT KIC) Innoenergy 23 and the European Strategic Forum on
Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) 24. Altogether, Industry, Research Centers and Universities cover the entire
research and innovation spectrum and have already significant activities & competences platforms on which to
build for the implementation of the market-oriented innovation agenda.
Scope and objectives of the IDI in the context of Horizon 2020 programme (and related policy areas)
The overarching objective of the IDI is to risk-reduce and accelerate, through an industrially led and coordinated
public-private effort, the development and uptake of Advanced Materials solutions in low carbon energy
applications along the entire value chain, starting from the development and fabrication of Advanced Materials in
Europe to their market adoption in energy applications.
The IDI on Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies will address the two Key Energy Challenges
facing Europe in field of Energy ((1) energy efficiency, (2) a competitive, efficient, secure, sustainable and flexible
energy system). The IDI will be built around 4 Key Components consisting of various Innovation Topics (Figure 5).
Interactions with cPPP on Energy Efficient Buildings 25, JTI on fuel cells and hydrogen 26 and other relevant initiatives
will be positively developed creating bridges and enabling synergies eliminating fragmentation. While cPPP on
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Energy Efficient Buildings operates more at level of systems, designs, solutions; the part of the IDI on Advanced
Materials dealing with the Key Component of energy performance in buildings will focus on Advanced Materials for
durable coatings for energy harvesting, on storage in buildings with development of Advanced Materials for thermal
energy storage (noteworthy is presence of ECTP/E2BA 27 within EMIRI to make sure bridges are created). Also it is
to be noted that the part of the Key Component dealing with energy system integration and chemical storage of
energy as hydrogen or other chemicals is not focusing on fuel cells (used for energy generation) but on power to
gas and power to liquid technologies enabled by development of new generations of Advanced Materials
(membranes, catalysts, …).
Figure 5. Scope of the IDI - Outline of Key Components.
Achieving the overarching objective of the IDI will, among others, contribute to:
� Accelerating the development & deployment of low carbon energy technologies
� Enabling stronger and more competitive value chains to drive competitiveness of the EU Industrial Sector of
Advanced Materials for Energy and restore Industrial Leadership of EU
� Securing R&D and capital investments of the Industry in EU
� Safeguarding & creating quality jobs in EU for operators, researchers, engineers
� Contributing to tackle Energy Union Challenges (cleaner, cheaper and more accessible energy)
� Contributing to tackle EU Manufacturing Challenges (20% of EU GDP from manufacturing by 2020)
Effectiveness & Efficiency of the IDI will be monitored and assessed at the level of projects, portfolio of projects,
and the programme along different key performance indicators (KPIs). Operational KPIs, innovation KPIs,
economical & societal KPIs are described in more details in Part III “Impact” of the present IDI.
Challenge 1
Advanced Materials for Energy Efficiency
Key Component 1 Key Component 2 Key Component 3 Key Component 4
Advanced Materials to increase the
energy performance of buildings
Advanced Materials to make
renewable electricity technologies
competitive
Advanced Materials to enable energy
system integration
(energy storage, grids)
Advanced Materials enabling the
decarbonisation of power sector
Advanced Materials for a "competitive, efficient, secure, sustainable & flexible energy system"
Challenge 2
Advanced Materials as "key enablers" tackling EU Energy Challenges
16
PART II – RESEARCH AND INNOVATION STRATEGY
Scope of R&D and innovation challenges to be addressed – Architecture of the Industry-Driven Initiative
The Industry-driven Initiative described herein aims at risk-minimizing and accelerating the innovation of Advanced
Materials to address the 2 crucial Energy Challenges facing Europe (i.e. (1) Energy Efficiency, (2) A competitive,
efficient, secure, sustainable and flexible Energy System). These challenges are explained in details in the recent
SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 3 published by the European Commission.
The EMERIT IDI will implement an industry-driven market-oriented innovation work programme built around 4 Key
Components and consisting of at 19 Innovation Topics (Figure 6).
Figure 6. Scope of the IDI - Outline of Key Components.
For each of the 4 Key Components, a selection of Innovation Topics has been made based on industrial interests,
needs to address the construction of value chains and potential to deliver strong impact for EU, for Industry and
for Society.
Each Innovation Topic was also positioned along the technology readiness level (TRL) scale to outline the needed
Research & Innovation Actions versus the needed Innovation Actions. This positioning is the result of an assessment
within EMIRI Technology Workgroups, it is however open to discussion and further more detailed assessment.
The successful implementation of the various Innovation Topics linked to the 4 Key Components will rely upon
existing and developing “Advanced Materials Competence Platforms” (on functional particles, functional layers,
composites, alloys, materials for extreme conditions …) (Figure 7) integrating the different innovation stakeholders
operating along the value chain. Innovation will also benefit from strong European competences in field of
advanced characterization, testing and modeling. These “Advanced Materials Competence Platforms” will also offer
spillover effects for other applications of Advanced Materials such as transport, health, safety, ICT.
Challenge 1
Advanced Materials for Energy Efficiency
Key Component 1 Key Component 2 Key Component 3 Key Component 4
Advanced Materials to increase the
energy performance of buildings
Advanced Materials to make
renewable electricity technologies
competitive
Advanced Materials to enable energy
system integration
(energy storage, grids)
Advanced Materials enabling the
decarbonisation of power sector
Advanced Materials for a "competitive, efficient, secure, sustainable & flexible energy system"
Challenge 2
Advanced Materials as "key enablers" tackling EU Energy Challenges
17
Figure 7. Outline of “Advanced Materials Competence Platforms”.
These Competence Platforms …
� Build upon strong expertise developed under FP7 in Advanced Materials for low carbon energy
technologies
� Integrate the different innovation stakeholders operating along the value chains
� Empower the focus on Innovation needed in Horizon 2020 (transition towards higher TRLs)
� Offer spillover effects for other applications of Advanced Materials such as transport, health, …
18
Outline of the 19 Innovation Topics composing the EMERIT Industry-Driven Initiative
The table below outlines the 19 Innovation Topics of the EMERIT Industry-Driven Initiative. These 19 Innovation
Topics are spread over the 4 Key Components needed for low carbon energy technologies as well as where they
belong on the TRL scale.
Table 1. Outline of the 19 Innovation Topics composing the IDI.
Key Component 1
Advanced Materials to increase energy performance in buildings
Research &
Innovation
Actions
Innovation
Actions
TRL 4 - 6 TRL 5 - 7
K1-I1 Innovation
Topic #1
Advanced Materials for high performance & durable coatings -
Development of cost efficient, high performance transparent
conductive coating on transparent supports
K1-I2 Innovation
Topic #2 Advanced Materials & process technologies for switchable glazing
K1-I3 Innovation
Topic #3
Advanced Materials & new deposition processes for building-
integrated photovoltaics - Novel PV technologies for facade
integration
K1-I4 Innovation
Topic #4
Advanced Materials & new deposition processes for building-
integrated photovoltaics - Efficient transparent barriers for organic
photovoltaics used in BIPV
K1-I5 Innovation
Topic #5
Advanced Materials for thermal energy storage (TES) - Next
generation thermal energy storage technologies
K1-I6 Innovation
Topic #6
Advanced Materials for energy efficient highly glazed high rise façade
systems
Key Component 2
Advanced Materials to make renewable energy technologies competitive (Wind - PV -
CSP)
Research &
Innovation
Actions
Innovation
Actions
TRL 4 - 6 TRL 5 - 7
K2-I1 Innovation
Topic #1
Advanced Materials for weight reduction of structural and functional
components in wind energy power generation
K2-I2 Innovation
Topic #2
Advanced Materials to improve corrosion & erosion resistance and
reduce degradation of structural and functional components in wind
energy power generation
K2-I3 Innovation
Topic #3
Advanced Materials for innovative multilayers for durable solar
energy harvesting
K2-I4 Innovation
Topic #4
Advanced Materials and innovative design for high efficiency solar
energy harvesting
K2-I5 Innovation
Topic #5
Advanced Materials and associated processes for low cost
manufacturing of solar energy harvesting systems
Key Component 3
Advanced Materials to enable energy system integration
Research &
Innovation
Actions
Innovation
Actions
TRL 4 - 6 TRL 5 - 7
K3-I1 Innovation
Topic #1
Advanced Materials for lower cost, high safety, long cycle life &
environmentally friendly electrochemical batteries - Li- ion batteries
19
K3-I2 Innovation
Topic #2
Advanced Materials for lower cost, high safety, long cycle life &
environmentally friendly electrochemical batteries - Next generation
electrochemical batteries
K3-I3 Innovation
Topic #3
Advanced Materials for lower cost storage of energy in the form of
hydrogen or other chemicals (power to gas, power to liquid
technologies)
K3-I4 Innovation
Topic #4
Advanced Materials to facilitate the integration of storage
technologies in the grid
Key Component 4
Advanced Materials to enable the decarbonisation of the power sector
Research &
Innovation
Actions
Innovation
Actions
TRL 4 - 6 TRL 5 - 7
K4-I1 Innovation
Topic #1
Advanced Materials for increased process efficiency and CCS in power
and energy intensive industries
K4-I2 Innovation
Topic #2 Advanced Materials for CO2 separation processes for CCS
K4-I3 Innovation
Topic #3
Improved methods for evaluating and monitoring materials
performance in service in the power and energy intensive industries
K4-I4 Innovation
Topic #4 Advanced Materials for the utilization of CO2
Industry-Driven Initiative – Key Component 1 – Advanced Materials to increase the energy performance of
buildings
Meeting the EU energy efficiency target of 20% by 2020 and 27% by 2030 is crucial to generate ambitious primary
energy savings while bringing a range of benefits for society and economy. In that respect, improving the energy
performance of Europe’s buildings is of crucial importance since buildings account for 40% of final energy demand
and more than 30% of European natural gas consumption 3. Among the many technological options existing to
increase the energy efficiency in buildings (whether renovated buildings or new buildings), the EMERIT IDI
recommends to focus in its Advanced Materials agenda on special coatings on glass, building-integrated
photovoltaics (BIPV) and thermal energy storage (TES). These technologies enable to reduce energy loss, generate
energy and store energy for later use in the building.
The SET Plan Integrated Roadmap identified 8 major groups of technology-related actions needed for increasing
energy efficiency in buildings 28.
� Develop new materials, products and processes for new and existing buildings enabling the integration of multi-
functionality, energy efficiency and on-site renewables while taking into account their life cycle sustainability
(e.g. cost-effective thermal energy storage materials, systems with intelligent control)
� Develop innovative buildings design concepts taking into account pre-fabrication of components and enabling
the advanced ICT systems, technologies and solutions for "building-to-building" and "building-to-grid"
interactions
� Improve the viability and cost-effectiveness of mass manufactured, modular, “plug and play” components and
systems for deep building renovation, as well as innovative insulation solutions, control, automation and
monitoring tools including innovation needed during the construction phase
20
� Develop and demonstrate energy efficient, interoperable, self-diagnostic and scalable storage, HVAC systems,
lighting and energy solutions for buildings
� Develop user-friendly Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) integrating in a single solution different
energy efficient production/consumption sub-systems while contributing to network security and flexibility.
Develop self-learning and adaptive systems to significantly reduce the need for human intervention
� Further develop innovative standards for operation and management of buildings using BEMS and/or metering
data
� Develop and demonstrate solutions improving roof and façade functional characteristics and enabling the
building envelope to adapt to a dynamic, mutable and complex environment. In this context, innovation
exploring solutions to common problems – such as overheating, poor air quality and condensation – found in
tighter and more insulated buildings need to be found
� Develop new design tools to support the integrated design and the collaborative work between professionals,
including the sharing of technical information on the building over its whole lifecycle
Translation of these groups of actions into Innovation needs in the field of Advanced Materials was carried out by
EMIRI Technology Workgroup on Energy Efficiency with the care to avoid Innovation Topics which would be already
strongly promoted in frame of EEB PPP. This led to the identification of 5 Innovation Topics in Key Component 1 of
the present Industry-Driven Initiative and which enable technologies for improving the energy performance of
buildings.
� K1-I1 – Advanced Materials for high performance & durable coatings – Development of cost efficient, high
performance transparent conductive coatings on transparent supports (Research & Innovation Actions)
Innovation in cost efficient, high performance transparent conductive coatings for transparent supports
requires the identification of new materials and alloys for use in sputtering targets or other technologies such
as vacuum-free approaches. Advanced Materials should also here be easily produced at industrial scale quickly
and at lowered cost in order to accelerate market introduction and enable steadily demanding end-applications
of transparent supports such as glazing.
� K1-I2 – Advanced Materials & process technologies for switchable glazing (Innovation Actions)
Smart windows and switchable glazing are a key technology to control energy input of buildings and hence
reduce energy for heating, cooling and lighting. Challenges of switchable glazing technology are an expanded
bright – dark switching zone, higher transmission in the bright state, better coating performance leading among
others to shorter switching time, low dark state transmittance and lower switching voltage, large colour
versatility and reduced complexity of the setup and the applicability of high throughput inline production
technologies. Innovation in Advanced Materials should focus on developments among others of high
conductivity and transparency oxides apart from indium tin oxide (ITO) (such as SnO2 or amorphous mixed
oxide based,), all solid state devices including new compound material solid-state electrolytes and high
throughput deposition technologies (e.g. gas flow sputtering, wet deposition processes…) and development of
Advanced Materials for the coatings.
21
� K1-I3 – Advanced Materials & new deposition processes for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) – Novel
PV technologies for façade integration (Innovation Actions)
Building integration of photovoltaics is an attractive application. This can be both realized with thin-film and
crystalline silicon technologies. Thin-film technologies are considered very attractive for their superior
aesthetics and the possibility for window integration when transparent. Aesthetic facade integration is also
possible with scalable x-Si and tandem-cell module technology with superior energy output. Innovations should
focus here on developing stable continuous deposition processes of Advanced Materials for PV active layers,
easily adaptable to the broad variation in size and form factors of building elements, with a high yield under
well-controlled parameters and with a high quality. Deposition process may be done at low cost using
technologies such as, but not limited to, large area evaporation or continuous printing, as opposed to batch
processes used in conventional PV. Activities should cover real-life demonstration of the new concepts
developed, full assessment of the energy-yield and cost structure of future BIPV building elements.
� K1-I4 - Advanced Materials & new deposition processes for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) –
Efficient transparent barriers for organic photovoltaics used in BIPV (Research & Innovation Actions)
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) can offer integration into existing building structures with negligible disturbance
to the inhabitant or user of the building. Some of the main characteristics of OPVs - flexibility, homogeneous
transparency, lightweight, potential low cost - make them very attractive to be embedded in building-
integrated systems. A big challenge for OPV is however to meet the PV and building durability standards since
organic materials are very sensitive to UV and water. Innovation is therefore needed in Advanced Materials to
develop efficient transparent barriers for achieving durability in compliance with construction standards and
norms. Barriers need to include weathering protection layers, impact and wear protection layer… and must be
chemically and mechanically compatible with the carrying substrate and/or the encapsulation materials used
in combination with the given substrate.
� K1-I5 – Advanced Materials for thermal energy storage (TES) – Next generation thermal energy storage
technologies (Research & Innovation Actions)
There is a need to develop new and improved thermal energy storage technologies with better performance,
availability, durability, safety and not least lower costs. The innovative challenges are to identify/develop
advanced TES materials for sensible, latent and thermochemical technologies with increased energy storage
density. Development focuses on new low cost and high energy density TES materials for buildings and
industrial waste heat including sensible heat storage, latent heat storage by the optimization and development
of new phase change materials and their integration in building element materials or industrial applications,
and thermochemical storage by the development of new materials with high energy density in specific
temperature ranges. Phase-change materials (PCM) properties need to be improved to encourage their use
(increasing the lifetime without physical properties degradation, increasing their liquid stability at high
temperatures to combine latent and sensible heat storage, avoiding super cooled phenomena that increase the
unloading temperature level, limiting liquid expansion during fusion). As to thermo-chemical TES materials, the
design of new high energy density reaction pairs for temperature-specific applications has to be studied.
22
� K1-I6 – Advanced Materials for energy efficient highly glazed high rise façade systems (Innovation actions)
There is a need to develop solutions that will save and/or generate energy to improve the energy balance of
the building envelope, both for new built and retrofit. Following the logic of Passive House, several elements
can be considered when looking at improving the building envelope’s energy balance. Alternative materials like
wood or composite materials are attractive solutions for façade systems with less embodied energy or thermal
bridges. The challenge will be to ensure durability and possibly recyclability of the systems while meeting the
other requirements of a traditional façade. New materials are required to reliably bring in daylight in the
building and reduce electricity consumption for artificial lighting. Existing solutions are expensive without clear
proof of benefit and available dimensions are too small for being attractive in architectural applications. New
materials should further enhance efficiency of artificial lighting in order to decrease energy consumption of the
building. Efficient air tightness solutions are available on the market, yet a bad installation can annihilate their
benefit. New materials are needed to remove the hassle of complex installation methods of air tightness
solutions and ensure their efficiency. Activities should cover real-life demonstration of the new concepts
developed, full assessment of the energy-yield and cost structure of future building elements. Table 2. Contribution of IDI to supporting the technology-related actions of SET Plan Integrated Roadmap for energy
performance of buildings.
Technology-related actions identified in SET Plan
Integrated Roadmap for Energy Performance of
buildings
Challenge
from SET
Plan
Integration
Roadmap
Contribution
of IDI to
supporting
these actions
Innovation
Topic(s) in IDI
most
supporting
these actions
#1
New materials with focus on the integration of
multi-functionality, energy efficiency and life
cycle sustainability addressing existing building
renovation
Increase
energy
performance
of existing
buildings
Strong
K1-I1, K1-I2,
K1-I3, K1-I4,
K1-I6
#2
Develop and demonstrate the viability and cost-
effectiveness of mass manufactured, modular,
"plug and play" components and systems for use in
deep energy renovation of EU buildings
None -
#3
Develop and demonstrate innovative, quick and
effective insulation solutions for deep energy
renovation projects
Strong K1-I6
#4
Develop energy systems and control, automation
and monitoring tools that evolve and adapt to the
changing operational environment, including the
availability and cost of energy
None -
#5
Develop and demonstrate breakthrough solutions
for energy retrofitting to improve roof and facade
functional characteristics
Strong K1-I6
23
#6
Development of new cost effective thermal
energy storage materials and full systems with
energy demand side resources for use in
individual buildings
Strong K1-I5
#7 Demonstration of integrated approaches for deep
energy renovation in EU buildings None -
#8 New design concepts assisted by tools for new
construction and energy retrofit of buildings
Building
design,
construction
methods
and best
practices
None -
#9 New energy management systems for energy
efficient buildings None -
#10
New technologies and approaches needed to
enable effective building-to-building and building-
to-grid interactions
None -
#11
Demonstration and validation of improved
collaborative building management tools
integrating the whole lifecycle information from
sourcing to building construction, refurbishing and
end-of-life
None -
#12
Demonstration and validation of interoperable,
safe and cost-effective solutions and quality driven
management approaches to help workers meeting
more stringent quality criteria
None -
#13
Demonstration and validation of advanced and
automated processes that favor the use of
prefabricated modular solutions
None -
#14
Demonstration and validation of user-centric, easy
to use, multi-scale BEMS which allow improving
the level of users' awareness and optimizing
energy generation, storage, distribution and use at
building and district levels
None -
#15
New materials with focus on the integration of
multi-functionality, energy efficiency, on-site
renewables and life cycle sustainability towards
low energy new buildings
Increase
energy
performance
of new
buildings
Strong
K1-I1, K1-I2,
K1-I3, K1-I4,
K1-I6
#16 Development of new cost effective thermal
energy storage materials (TES) and full systems
Strong K1-I5
24
with intelligent control aiming at high energy
storage density for use in buildings
#17
Development, demonstration and validation of
solutions to improve roof and facade functional
characteristics to enable the building envelope to
adapt to a dynamic, mutable and complex
environment during its lifetime
Strong K1-I2, K1-I6
#18
Development, demonstration and validation of
energy efficient, interoperable, self-diagnostic and
scalable storage, HVAC, lighting and energy
solutions in line with energy consumption
standards
None -
#19 Bring NZEB (nearly zero energy buildings) together
in efficiently managed and affordable energy hubs None -
Industry-Driven Initiative – Key Component 2 – Advanced Materials to make renewable electricity technologies
competitive
In the Energy Roadmap 2050, renewable energy will be given a central role to play in the future energy mix
supporting vital efforts to improve EU’s energy security. Already today, the increasing use of renewable energy
avoids at least 30 billion euro per year of imported fuels. Driven by the Renewable Energy Directive, energy from
renewable sources will go from 14% of EU final energy consumption in 2012 to a certain 20% by 2020 and could
eventually reach at least 27% by 2030. In such a scenario, share of renewable energy in the electricity sector could
jump from 21% today to at least 45% by 2030 3.
Such a rapid expansion of renewable energy is leading to significant challenges in terms of use of diverse sources
of renewable energy (sun, wind, waves, biomass …) integration into the electricity system and final cost to the
various types of energy consumers. In order to enable the European Energy Roadmap 2050 and deploy renewable
energy in Europe, a strong attention to research & innovation is needed to further reduce the cost of these
renewable energy technologies throughout their life cycle.
The market deployment of renewable energy technologies offers for sure the needed energy security and it is a
major business opportunity for Europe to develop the technology leadership and the industrial capacity to
manufacture these technologies starting from Advanced Materials all across the value chains.
Wind
Providing the largest contribution to the renewable energy targets, installed wind energy capacity could reach more
than 200 GW or around 14% of electricity demand by 2020 compared to 117 GW (or 8% of EU’s electricity
consumption) in 2013. Wind energy could cover more than 20% of EU’s electricity demand by 2030 with around
350 GW of installed wind energy capacity 3.
25
The SET Plan Integrated Roadmap identified 2 major groups of technology-related actions needed for the further
development of competitive wind energy 29.
� Develop advanced turbines and components (for onshore and offshore applications) and accurate
methodologies for wind resource assessment
� Demonstrate components and technologies for offshore applications – New logistics, assembly and
decommissioning processes
Translation of these groups of actions into Innovation needs in the field of Advanced Materials was carried out by
EMIRI Technology Workgroup on Wind. This led to the identification of 2 Innovation Topics which enable the
reduction in the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) produced by wind technologies thereby favoring their market
deployment through weight reduction of structural and functional components, improvement in corrosion
resistance and reduction in the degradation of structural and functional components used in wind power
generation.
The 2 Innovation Topics in Key Component 2 of the present Industry-Driven Initiative do strongly support these 2
groups of technology-related actions identified in the SET Plan Integrated Roadmap:
� K2-I1 - Advanced materials for weight reduction of structural and functional components in wind energy
power generation (Innovation Actions)
Advanced Materials provide an excellent chance to substantially reduce the weight of key components of wind
power turbines such as blades, nacelles, generators etc. and allow for new lightweight designs. Weight
reduction is an essential prerequisite to enable future turbines with increased dimensions and power (10-15
MW) as well as to reduce costs for transport and commissioning. Both are necessary to bring down the
Levelized Cost of Energy to a level competitive with fossil power generation.
Advanced materials cover fiber reinforced plastics (thermosets and thermoplastics), C-fibers and alternative
fibers, hybrid / metal-plastic systems, cellular structured metals, high strength steel, high strength light metal
and titanium alloys, vermicular graphite iron, functional metals with mechanical bearing capability, high
efficient permanent magnets, generative and free form technologies.
� K2-I2 - Advanced materials to improve corrosion & erosion resistance and reduce degradation of structural
and functional components in wind energy power generation (Research & Innovation Actions)
Innovation Topic is targeting the development and employment of Advanced Materials that provide a
drastically improved level of resistance to corrosion, erosion, fatigue, bio fouling and other damage
mechanisms that limit the lifetime of wind power facilities especially in harsh environment operation (e.g.
offshore). Material and coating solutions (including possible new design opportunities provided by Advanced
Materials) will increase the lifetime of components, reduce maintenance and repair costs. In total, life cycle
cost will be reduced which contributes to reduce substantially the Levelized Cost of Energy of wind power.
Advanced Materials cover base materials (e.g. composites), coatings and surface treatment to create desired
properties (inhibitors, self-healing, self-cleaning, recyclability, coatings, anti-ice formation, cathodic paint
systems, wear resistant, low-friction …), production process determined surface properties, cost effective
production and repair systems, advanced lubrication systems
26
Table 3. Contribution of IDI to supporting the technology-related actions of SET Plan Integrated Roadmap for wind.
Technology-related actions identified for Wind in SET Plan
Integrated Roadmap
Contribution of
IDI to supporting
these actions
Innovation Topic(s) in IDI
most supporting these
actions
#1 New turbines, materials and components Strong K2-I1, K2-I2
#2 Resource assessment None -
#3 Offshore technology (production value chain
performance/cost competitiveness) Strong K2-I1, K2-I2
#4 Logistics, assembly, testing, installation and
decommissioning None -
Photovoltaics (PV) & Concentrated Solar Power (CSP)
With more than 80 GW of cumulative installed capacity in 2013, Europe remains the world’s leading region. PV
represents a significant part of Europe’s electricity mix, producing 3 % of demand in the EU and 6 % of peak demand.
PV could provide up to 12 % of the EU’s electricity demand by 2020 3. According to EPIA (2014) forecasts, the total
installed capacity in Europe could reach between 119 - 156 GW in 2018 3. Worth reminding in frame of current
debate on PV manufacturing in Europe, more than 25 % of the value of PV modules produced inside or outside
Europe but installed in Europe is created in Europe 3. Advanced Materials used for PV represent an important part
of these 25%.
CSP (concentrated solar power) is used in large-scale solar thermoelectric plants (STE) at high solar irradiance. The
CSP market is dominated by parabolic trough and solar tower type plants. By mid-2012, total installed CSP power
worldwide reached 2 GW. A total of 3 GW plants are currently under construction in Mediterranean countries and
United States. Europe is a pioneer in this technology and could take this to an advantage and export technology
also for installations outside Europe 3. Cost saving in CSP of up to 50% is expected by 2025.
The SET Plan Integrated Roadmap identified 4 major groups of technology-related actions needed for the
development of competitive PV & CSP 29.
� Develop novel low cost and/or high efficiency PV technologies – Enhanced PV module and system conversion
efficiencies with extended lifetime, increased sustainability throughout the whole lifecycle and lowered
materials consumption
� Develop and demonstrate new pilot production lines to validate advanced / automated manufacturing
processes – New multi-functional PV solutions to reduce cost – Operational strategies for effectively and
sustainably integrate PV in the energy system and in the built environment at reasonable cost
� Develop innovative receivers and heat transfer fluids – Increase reliability with improved control and operation
tools – New hybridization and better integration concepts – Innovative storage media and concepts – Reduction
of water consumption by developing anti-soiling coatings
27
� Develop components such as mirrors and supporting structures – Advanced CSP plants of various size and
demonstrate hybridization concepts – Optimize the operation of current storage systems and validate in the
field innovative dry-cooling systems
Translation of these groups of actions into Innovation needs in the field of Advanced Materials was carried out by
EMIRI Technology Workgroup on PV & CSP. This led to the identification of 3 Innovation Topics which enable the
reduction in the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) produced by PV & CSP thereby favoring their market deployment
through increasing lifetime, increasing performance & finally reducing manufacturing cost.
The 3 Innovation Topics in Key Component 2 of the present Industry-Driven Initiative do strongly support these 4
groups of technology-related actions identified in the SET Plan Integrated Roadmap:
� K2-I3 - Advanced Materials for innovative multilayers for durable solar energy harvesting (Innovation
Actions)
Advanced multilayer coatings are needed to increase reliability, sustainability and energy generation of PV and
CSP systems and thus decrease the costs of solar energy generation. New mirrors, absorbers, barriers,
encapsulants and durable coatings that enhance lifetime and extend the working conditions and energy output
should enable system lifetime increase to >25 -35 years and >50% maintenance cost reduction. New guidelines
and standards for testing of materials durability and prediction of lifetime could be generated.
� K2-I4 - Advanced Materials and innovative designs for high efficiency solar energy harvesting (Research &
Innovation Actions)
Advanced Materials and processes for high efficiency PV and CSP technologies can bring down the LCOE of solar
energy to 0.06 - 0.15 €/kWh in 2020. Pilot production readiness (TRL 4-7) of two emerging high efficiency
concepts using new functional materials and particles, thin films, nanostructures, high temperature fluids,
phase change materials and receptors into innovative tandem or multi-junction device architectures with 21 -
24% module efficiency needs to be demonstrated in 2020.
� K2-I5 - Advanced Materials and associated processes for low cost manufacturing of solar energy harvesting
systems (Research & Innovation Actions)
Reduction of manufacturing process costs of PV and CSP solar systems is required for LCOE reduction to 0.06 -
0.15 €/kWh in 2020. Material-enabled manufacturing innovations ranging from efficient solar grade materials
to thin films for high conversion efficiency, cost-competitive and environment-friendly processes (e.g. non-
vacuum processes), low cost and lightweight modules for PV and ranging from high temperature fluids to tubes,
mirrors, structural components, light materials and composites for CSP have to be brought to pilot scale level
(TRL 5-7) to enable the cost reduction.
28
Table 4. Contribution of IDI to supporting the technology-related actions of SET Plan Integrated Roadmap for photovoltaics
and concentrated solar power.
Technology-related actions identified for Photovoltaics in SET
Plan Integrated Roadmap
Contribution of
IDI to supporting
these actions
Innovation Topic(s) in IDI
most supporting these actions
#1 Novel PV technologies for low cost and/or high
efficiencies Strong K2-I3, K2-I4, K2-I5
#2 Enhanced PV conversion efficiencies and lifetimes Strong K2-I3, K2-I4
#3 Cost reduction through lower materials consumption and
use of low-cost materials Strong K2-I5
#4 Reduction of LCOE by enhanced PV system energy yield
and lifetime Strong K2-I3
#5 Pilot production lines Strong K2-I3, K2-I4, K2-I5
#6 Demonstration of new PV solutions Strong K2-I3, K2-I4, K2-I5
#7 Making PV mainstream source of power Low -
#8 Industrial RTD for demonstration of higher performance
ratios Low -
#9 Long-term reliability of PV modules and systems Strong K2-I3, K2-I4, K2-I5
#10 Building-integrated Photovoltaics Strong Innovation Topics described in
Key Component 1 of the IDI
Technology-related actions identified for Concentrated Solar
Power in SET Plan Integrated Roadmap
Contribution of
IDI to supporting
these actions
Innovation Topic(s) in IDI
most supporting these actions
#11 Development of more efficient components Strong K2-I3, K2-I4
#12 Improvements for the reliability and availability of plants None -
#13 Integration and hybridization of plants Low K2-I3
#14 Improvement of storage systems Strong K2-I4
#15 Water consumption Low -
#16 Weather forecasting None -
29
Industry-Driven Initiative – Key Component 3 – Advanced Materials to enable energy system integration (energy
storage and its integration into the grid)
Following 2020 and 2030 energy objectives of EU, renewable energy generation will contribute to a growing share
of the energy mix in Europe and will be central to European energy supply. Most of the growth of energy generation
will come from solar and wind and this will create major challenges in balancing supply and demand prompting the
need for technologies enabling energy system integration (energy storage & its integration into the grid). Large-
scale storage technologies commercially deployed today are mostly hydropower-based. There is however strong
potential for the development of other energy storage solutions (with a focus on electrochemical storage and
chemical storage) for a variety of power ranges and energy storage capacities providing their own features to deal
with system flexibility 3.
In field of electrochemical storage, several types of batteries are currently used for stationary applications (lithium-
ion (Li-ion), sodium sulphur (NaS), nickel cadmium (NiCd), nickel metal hydride (Ni-MeH), lead acid (Pb-acid),
vanadium-based, zinc-based …). Each type of battery has its own advantages and disadvantages, but their extremely
fast response makes batteries perfectly suited for power applications such as frequency and voltage control. In near
future, batteries could serve as well for the storage of energy for several hours 3.
Power to fuels or chemicals is a solution that is also attracting strong attention. In power to fuels or chemicals,
renewable electricity is converted to hydrogen or methane or other any other fuel or chemical. In case of hydrogen
or methane, it can be stored in the gas infrastructure and can be used in diverse applications such as electric
vehicles, industrial heat supply and electricity generation. Because of the relatively low specific costs of hydrogen
storage, this technology could become a candidate for the seasonal storage of energy 3.
The SET Plan Integrated Roadmap identified 11 major groups of technology-related actions needed for the further
development of energy system integration (first 7 groups of actions deal with energy storage and following 4 groups
of actions deal with conversion of electricity to other energy carriers) 29.
� Investigate and enhance the potential of a whole range of new materials, new concepts and new technologies
for the next generation of storage devices and the integration of these devices in the energy system
� Optimise further mature storage technologies to decrease their cost and minimise environmental impacts -
Maximise their capacity, operability and life, operational benefits and ease of use. This includes pumped hydro
and cross sector technology e.g. converting power to gas, fuel, chemical feedstock and heat and the possibilities
for "virtual" energy storage
� Develop standards and interfaces to insert storage technologies in the energy system and explore synergies
with the grid and with demand side behaviour.
� Develop modelling systems and planning concepts where the role of storage can be assessed and optimised at
energy system level to ensure that storage technologies will be responding to the needs of the network
� Demonstrate, as a precursor to deployment, storage technologies and take into account its integration in the
energy system in a representative environment, covering as much as possible the different roles of storage as
well as different configurations and combinations
� Improve and upscale manufacturing processes and develop recycling methods to ensure cost-effective
deployment
� Demonstration and integration of storage in the electricity system at several voltage levels (including low
voltage), and development of solutions to provide various network/system services from storage
30
� Develop and improve methods for production of low-carbon hydrogen, especially from renewables, as well as
for large scale hydrogen storage, re-electrification, distribution and system integration
� Improve the efficiency and reduce the costs, in particular for electrolysers to improve the competitiveness of
hydrogen-based solutions – Demonstrate its flexibility at large scale to meet grid requirements and study the
needs of electrical network to optimize centralized hydrogen production
� Improve power to methane and power to methanol technologies, including development of catalysts for
production of methane and methanol using CO2 as carbon source (link to CCS-CCU in Key Component 4 of
present IDI)
� Explore rapid responsive chemical processes for valorisation of peak renewable electricity
Translation of these groups of actions into Innovation needs in the field of Advanced Materials was carried out by
EMIRI Technology Workgroup on Energy System Integration. This led to the identification of 4 Innovation Topics
which enable energy storage using electrochemical batteries, energy storage in the form of chemicals (power to
fuels & chemicals) and integration of these storage technologies into the grid thereby favoring the market
deployment of renewable energy technologies such as PV, CPS and wind. The Innovation Topic of thermal energy
storage (TES) in building was described in Key Component 1 of the present Industry-Driven Initiative.
The 4 Innovation Topics in Key Component 3 of the present Industry-Driven Initiative do strongly support these 11
groups of technology-related actions identified in the SET Plan Integrated Roadmap:
� K3-I1 – Advanced Materials for lower cost, high safety, long cycle life & environmentally friendly
electrochemical batteries (Li-ion batteries) (Innovation Actions)
Optimization of Li-ion batteries for low cost, high safety and long cycle life requires the development of
Advanced Materials for electrodes (cathode, anode), electrolytes, binders and optimized packaging (new and
lighter composites) materials. These Advanced Materials can lead to improved stationary Li-ion batteries with
well specified KPIs for energy and power density, extended lifetime and significantly improved cost (target
below 0.05 euro/kWh/cycle) while offering full safety. Typical cathode materials can be improved or novel LPF
and NMC types with current or increased voltages. Typical anode materials can be improved graphite or
micron/nano-sized Si, Sn composites… Also electrolyte materials will need to be stable at higher voltages and
the same prevails for novel separator materials. Hybridization of Li-ion batteries with supercapacitors can
contribute to power and life performance. Solid-state developments by polymer or solid electrolytes may lead
to higher safety levels. All Advanced Materials priorities will need to smartly combine low cost, high energy
density and long cycle life.
� K3-I2 - Advanced Materials for lower cost, high safety, long cycle life & environmentally friendly
electrochemical batteries (next generation electrochemical batteries) (Research & Innovation Actions)
Innovation is here driven by the same needs as those outlined in K3-I1 but is dealing with new alternative
storage solutions compared to the current battery storage systems. The wide range of new candidate systems
covers among others metal-air, lithium-sulfur, new ion-based systems (Na, Mg or Al), redox flow batteries (free
of Vanadium). Advanced Materials developed herein can cover cathodes, anodes, electrolytes, separators,
binders …
31
� K3-I3 – Advanced Materials for lower cost storage of energy in the form of hydrogen or other chemicals
(power to gas, power to liquid technologies) (Research & Innovation Actions)
Innovation here in field of power to gas / power to fuels & chemicals relates to technically improve electrolysers
(innovative and affordable electrolysers are needed to enable long-term storage), to develop ways to use the
gas produced and to use renewable electricity for synthesis of different molecules (such as in combination with
CO2). Advanced Materials innovation will focus on high capacity durable proton-exchange membranes (PEM)
and solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) electrolysers for hydrogen production. Other topics that can also be
included are the development of cost efficient tank materials for high-pressure storage of hydrogen, the
development of Advanced Materials to support catalysts in presenting longer lifetime and improved efficiency.
� K3-I4 – Advanced Materials to facilitate the integration of storage technologies in the grid (Innovation
Actions)
To enable the integration of storage devices in the electrical grid, there is a strong need for innovation in field
of among others high capacity new material cables and super conductors, high voltage cables and accessories
to 1000 KV, materials for medium voltage and smart electrical accessories, new materials for extreme
conditions, complex power inverter and sensor materials and surface treatment of existing materials to protect
and improve performances. Innovation in field of these Advanced Materials will enable a significant
enhancement of power supply reliability, management of grid volatility and connection of renewable energy
sources to increase grid efficiency.
Table 5. Contribution of IDI to supporting the technology-related actions of SET Plan Integrated Roadmap for energy
system integration.
Technology-related actions identified for Energy
System Integration in
SET Plan Integrated Roadmap
Challenge
from SET
Plan
Integration
Roadmap
Contribution
of IDI to
driving
these
actions
Innovation Topic(s) in
IDI most driving these
actions
#1 Enhanced storage materials
Storage
(heat &
cold,
electricity,
power to
gas or
other
energy
vectors
Strong
K3-I1, K3-I2, K3-I3
Also Innovation Topics
listed in Key Component
1 of IDI
#2
New technologies for next generation central
and de-central storage technologies of any
scale
Strong
K3-I1, K3-I2, K3-I3
Also Innovation Topics
listed in Key Component
1 of IDI
#3
Improved second generation technologies for
next generation central and de-central
storage technologies of any scale
Strong
K3-I1, K3-I2, K3-I3
Also Innovation Topics
listed in Key Component
1 of IDI
#4 Storage system interfaces Medium K3-I4
#5
Storage system integration and benefit
assessment via simulation of system
embedding
None -
32
#6 Central and de-central storage technology
demonstration of any scale Medium
K3-I1, K3-I2, K3-I3
Also Innovation Topics
listed in Key Component
1 of IDI
#7 Storage system integration demonstration None -
#8 Storage manufacturing processes Medium
K3-I1, K3-I2, K3-I3
Also Innovation Topics
listed in Key Component
1 of IDI
#9 Storage recycling Medium
K3-I1, K3-I2, K3-I3
Also Innovation Topics
listed in Key Component
1 of IDI
#10 Closed storage material loop Medium
K3-I1, K3-I2, K3-I3
Also Innovation Topics
listed in Key Component
1 of IDI
Industry-Driven Initiative – Key Component 4 – Advanced Materials to enable the decarbonisation of the power
sector and the energy intensive industries
Despite the growing deployment of renewable energy in Europe, fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, shale gas) will
continue being used in Europe’s power generation as well as in other industrial processes. The European targets of
decarbonisation can therefore be met only if the greenhouse gas emissions are reduced by more than 90%.
Achieving these ambitious targets of decarbonisation will require the deployment of Carbon Capture & Storage
(CCS) and Carbon Capture & Utilization (CCU) technologies as well as the necessary logistics and infrastructures 3.
The SET Plan Integrated Roadmap identified 25 major groups of technology-related actions needed to enable
carbon capture, CO2 utilisation and storage technologies and increased efficiency of the fossil fuel-based power
sector and energy intensive industry.
Focus of EMIRI in the field of decarbonisation being on Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) and Carbon Capture &
Utilization (CCU), we limit the list below to the CCS & CCU-related 14 groups of technology-related actions outline
in the SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 29.
For CCS
� Develop proof of concept for novel, cost-competitive and efficient CO2 capture technologies for application in
power generation and industrial processes – Develop improved methods for storage site characterisation,
exploitation and monitoring
� Design and operate CO2 pipeline and shipping transport systems and develop the necessary research
infrastructure – Develop a European Atlas of potential storage sites – Develop methodologies for the design
transport infrastructure
� Pilot promising capture technologies
� Develop and pilot integrated CCS solutions addressing flexibility
� Develop and demonstrate bio-CCS
� Develop cost-effective engineering solutions for safe storage management and remediation
� Start-up and manage up to six new storage pilots
33
� Develop pilots for effective design and operation of CO2 transport systems
� Develop cross-sectoral CO2 capture and CO2 storage/re-use
� Ensure the effective and sustainable use of the subsurface taking into account the potential for competing
energy applications (e.g. the storage of hydrogen or air) or for geothermal applications
For CCU
� Develop processes (and their life cycle analysis) for the most promising pathways for CO2 utilisation (e.g.
synthetic fuels and chemicals)
� Develop and demonstrate routes for the conversion of CO2 into chemicals as key building blocks for the
chemical industry, leading to a variety of large scale products
� Demonstrate industrial scale production of fuels, polymers and chemicals from CO2
� Demonstrate a pilot for mineral carbonates production from CO2
Translation of these groups of actions into Innovation needs in the field of Advanced Materials was carried out by
EMIRI Technology Workgroup on Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) and Carbon Capture & Utilization (CCU). This led
to the identification of 4 Innovation Topics that enable the decarbonisation of the power sector to put Europe on
the path of low carbon energy.
The 4 Innovation Topics in Key Component 4 of the present Industry-Driven Initiative do strongly support these 14
groups of technology-related actions identified in the SET Plan Integrated Roadmap:
� K4-I1 - Advanced Materials for Improved Integration of CCS in Power and Energy Intensive Industries
(Research & Innovation Actions)
Innovation challenge is to focus on developing & implementing improved materials for energy intensive and
power processes to improve process efficiency and to enable the economic application of CCS technologies.
The reduction of CO2 emissions from power and energy intensive processes requires the integration of the most
efficient process integrated with optimized methods of capturing the CO2 emitted or to redesign the
combination of process & CCS for optimized operation of this system to make the combined scheme affordable.
Innovation should focus on new and improved materials (e.g. alloys, refractories, ceramics and coatings),
methods of materials improvement, and transfer of materials from other technologies for the increased
efficiency, higher temperature operation and reliable performance under aggressive operating conditions to
reduce the energy and cost penalties for the integration of CO2 separation processes.
� K4-I2 – Advanced Materials for Enhanced CO2 Separation Processes (Innovation Actions)
Innovation challenge is to focus on developing materials for improved performance in separating CO2 from
industrial process gases and with improved durability/lifetime to reduce operating costs and assist process
intensification. There is a wide range of materials that can be used for the separation of CO2 from process gas
streams, from liquid amine-based sorbents to solid sorbents, separation membranes and combinations thereof.
In addition, advanced processes based on oxy-combustion of fuels to produce an easily separable CO2 /H2O gas
stream use solid oxygen-providing particles in a looping cycle. As for the structural materials used to contain
processes, these functional materials must provide the levels of performance required while delivering the
durability necessary for the overall process to be reliable, long-lived and affordable.
34
� K4-I3 – Advanced Materials for the Improved Reliability of CCS Plants in the Power and Energy Intensive
Industries (Research & Innovation Actions)
In order to reduce the impact of the introduction of CCS in the power and energy intensive industries on the
reliability of plant components and the risks of unforeseen in-service failures and to maximize the life cycle of
costly materials and components, new structural and functional materials can offer significant performance
improvements (on the basis of virgin materials properties). However, the added complexity of CCS plants and
their significantly different operating regimes will increase the risk that the performance in service of the
materials will not deliver, leaving plant operators seeking improved understanding of the materials behavior,
alternative materials solutions and means of monitoring performance in service. Providing the developers of
CCS plants with an improved understanding of the materials challenges in new-build and retrofit applications
across the range of expected operating regimes and developing the adapted materials solutions can overcome
these challenges. This will require the production of materials performance data and the characterization of
failure/degradation modes using laboratory-scale testing, in-plant testing, and simulated pilot-scale testing
where the required process conditions do not exist in current plants. In addition, the development of means to
reliably monitor the performance of new materials in service, providing data and verified models to predict
remnant component lives, to inform maintenance strategies and to reduce the risk of unforeseen in-service
failures would add value.
� K4-I4 - Advanced Materials to generalize the utilization of CO2 (Research & Innovation Actions)
CO2 has the potential to be a viable and sustainable C1 feedstock replacing fossil-based carbon feedstock. The
economical exploitation of CO2 from CCS facilities and process waste gases faces two challenges. One is the
inherent thermodynamic and kinetic stability of CO2, the other is the required purity of the captured CO2. While
high-energy chemical reagents such as epoxides allow a thermodynamically favorable reaction with CO2, a more
general utilization profile will require technologies able to overcome the thermodynamic limitations of less
energetic but still quite interesting reactants such as alcohols, amines and alkenes. For new and industrially
emerging CO2 transformations, the ability to use CO2 from diverse process and energy industries with a
minimum of purification will also be an important driver for the wider adaption of CO2 utilization technologies.
Innovation should focus here on developing new catalysts and separation materials aimed at minimizing
requirements for CO2 purity, maximizing the range of CO2 waste streams and CCU processes and maintaining
current product and selectivity profiles of industrially emerging CO2 technologies.
Table 6. Contribution of IDI to supporting the technology-related actions of SET Plan Integrated Roadmap for energy
CCS & CCU.
Technology-related actions identified for CCS & CCU in
SET Plan Integrated Roadmap
Challenge
from SET
Plan
Integration
Roadmap
Contribution of
IDI to
supporting
these actions
Innovation
Topic(s) in IDI
most supporting
these actions
#1 Basic R&D for supporting pilots and
demonstration actions
CO2 capture
Strong K4-I1, K4-I2, K4-
I3
#2 Proof of concept of efficient capture
technologies for pan-industrial utilization Strong
K4-I1, K4-I2, K4-
I3
#3 Piloting of promising capture technologies Strong K4-I1, K4-I2, K4-
I3
35
#4 Prove options to utilize the full potential of bio-
CCS None -
#5 European Atlas of potential storage sites
CO2 storage
None -
#6 Improved methods for site characterization None -
#7 Improved methods for site monitoring None -
#8 Improved methods for safe storage exploitation None -
#9 Start-up & management of up to 6 new CO2
storage pilots None -
#10 Basic R&D and infrastructure for effective design
and operation of CO2 transport systems Competitive
Carbon
Capture &
Storage
Value Chains
None -
#11 Developing Advanced Materials for CCS
applications and key enabling technologies Strong
K4-I1, K4-I2, K4-
I3
#12 CO2 transport pilots for effective design and
operation of CO2 transport systems None -
#13 Efficiency improvement and key enabling
technology development for CCS Medium
K4-I1, K4-I2, K4-
I3
#14 Advanced olefin production from CO2
Conversion
of CO2 from
process flue
gases
Low K4-I4
#15 Demonstration of fine chemicals from CO2 Low K4-I4
#16 Access to competitive CO2 for chemical
conversion Strong K4-I4
#17 Demonstration of industrial scale production of
polymers from CO2 Low K4-I4
#18 Demonstration pilot for mineral production from
CO2 Low K4-I4
Indicative timeline and recommended budget distribution to realize expected impacts
The present IDI is to be seen as a continued succession of innovation projects to accompany the Advanced Materials
technologies towards higher TRL and later towards a successful commercialization and market development.
For each Key Component & for each Innovation Topic, an estimation was made by EMIRI (based on members’
feedback and with a strong weight given to feedback from Industry) as to the recommended “phasing” for the
allocation of EU funding contributions
� Phase 1 refers to Innovation Topics covered by Horizon 2020 calls of 2016 – 2017
� Phase 2 refers to Innovation Topics covered by Horizon 2020 calls of 2018 - 2019
� Phase 3 refers to Innovation Topics covered by Horizon 2020 calls of 2020
36
Table 7. Indicative timeline and recommended budget distribution across the 4 Key Components of the IDI.
Estimated EU contribution (60 Meuro/year) Phase 1
(2016 - 2017)
Phase 2
(2018 - 2019) &
Phase 3 (2020)
Key Component 1 Advanced Materials to increase
energy performance of buildings 20% 50% 50%
Key Component 2
Advanced Materials to make
renewable energy technologies
competitive (Wind - PV - CSP)
30% 45% 55%
Key Component 3 Advanced Materials to enable energy
system integration 35% 40% 60%
Key Component 4 Advanced Materials to enable the
decarbonisation of the power sector 15% 35% 65%
Based on EMIRI internal assessment, it is recommended to give priority in terms of EU funding contributions as
follows:
� Priority 1 – Advanced Materials to enable energy system integration (Key Component 3)
� Priority 2 – Advanced Materials to make renewable energy technologies competitive (Key Component 2)
� Priority 3 – Advanced Materials to increase energy performance of buildings (Key Component 1)
� Priority 4 – Advanced Materials to enable the decarbonisation of the power sector (Key Component 4)
At the level of Key Components, it is also clear that EU funding contributions are budgeted linearly over time while,
as can be seen further below, this may not be the case at the level of Innovation Topic for which an acceleration in
spending may be recommended by EMIRI Technology Work Groups.
Spending of EU funding in Key Component 1 – Advanced Materials to increase energy performance of buildings
Within Key Component 1, it is recommended to give priority (40% of EU funding available for Key Component 1) to
Innovation Topic #1 & Innovation Topic #3 focusing respectively on development of cost efficient, high performance
transparent conductive coatings on transparent supports and on Advanced Materials & processes for novel PV
technologies for façade integration. The 4 remaining Innovation Topics (#2, #4, #5, #6) should each receive similar
level of EU funding attention with accelerated spending in first years of the IDI.
37
Table 8. Indicative timeline and recommended budget distribution across Key Component 1.
Spending of EU funding in Key Component 2 – Advanced Materials to make renewable energy technologies
competitive (Wind – PV – CSP)
Within Key Component 2, it is recommended to give similar level of EU funding attention to Wind versus PV & CSP.
For Wind, 2 Innovation Topics are considered while 3 Innovation Topics are listed for PV & CSP together. At the
level of Innovation Topic, EMIRI Technology WGs recommended to give slightly more attention to Innovation Topic
#2, which focuses on Advanced Materials to improve corrosion & erosion resistance and reduce degradation of
structural and functional components in wind energy power generation. Overall, the Innovation Topics should
receive a quite similar level of attention although we recommend accelerating EU funding spending on Wind slightly
more than on PV & CSP.
Table 9. Indicative timeline and recommended budget distribution across Key Component 2.
Phase 1
(2016 - 2017)
Phase 2
(2018 - 2019) &
Phase 3 (2020)
50% 50%
Innovation Topic #1
Advanced Materials for high performance & durable coatings -
Development of cost efficient, high performance transparent conductive
coating on transparent supports
20% 40% 60%
Innovation Topic #2 Advanced Materials & process technologies for switchable glazing 15% 60% 40%
Innovation Topic #3Advanced Materials & new deposition processes for building-integrated
photovoltaics - Novel PV technologies for facade integration20% 50% 50%
Innovation Topic #4
Advanced Materials & new deposition processes for building-integrated
photovoltaics - Efficient transparent barriers for organic photovoltaics
used in BIPV
15% 50% 50%
Innovation Topic #5Advanced Materials for thermal energy storage (TES) - Next generation
thermal energy storage technologies15% 50% 50%
Innovation Topic #6Advanced Materials for energy efficient highly glazed high rise façade
systems15% 50% 50%
Spending - Key Component 1
Advanced Materials to increase energy performance in buildings
Share of efforts per
Innovation Topic
Phase 1
(2016 - 2017)
Phase 2
(2018 - 2019) &
Phase 3 (2020)
45% 55%
Innovation Topic #1Advanced Materials for weight reduction of structural and functional
components in wind energy power generation20% 50% 50%
Innovation Topic #2
Advanced Materials to improve corrosion & erosion resistance and
reduce degradation of structural and functional components in wind
energy power generation
25% 45% 55%
Innovation Topic #3Advanced Materials for innovative multilayers for durable solar energy
harvesting15% 40% 60%
Innovation Topic #4Advanced Materials and innovative design for high efficiency solar
energy harvesting20% 40% 60%
Innovation Topic #5Advanced Materials and associated processes for low cost manufacturing
of solar energy harvesting systems20% 40% 60%
Spending - Key Component 2
Advanced Materials to make renewable energy technologies competitive (Wind - PV - CSP)
Share of efforts per
Innovation Topic
38
Spending of EU funding in Key Component 3 – Advanced Materials to enable energy system integration
Within Key Component 3, it is recommended to give priority (more than 50% of EU funding available for Key
Component 3) to Innovation Topic #1 & Innovation Topic #2 focusing both on Advanced Materials for lower cost,
high safety, ling cycle life & environmentally friendly electrochemical batteries – These Innovation Topics covering
batteries for sure cover Li-ion batteries but also next generation batteries. It is recommended to accelerate funding
of innovation of Li-ion batteries first and let next generation batteries catch up in Phase 2 & Phase 3. As far as
Advanced Materials for storage of energy in the form of chemicals (hydrogen or else) are concerned and based on
internal assessment by EMIRI Technology WGs, it is recommended to allocate at least 25% of EU funding attention.
Innovation Topic #4 was given the lowest priority in terms of allocating EU innovation funding attention
notwithstanding the need still for continued funding of the topics dealing with Advanced Materials for the grid.
Table 10. Indicative timeline and recommended budget distribution across Key Component 3.
Spending of EU funding in Key Component 4 – Advanced Materials to enable the decarbonisation of the power
sector
Within Key Component 4, it is recommended to give priority at 70% of EU funding attention to Innovation Topics
dealing with increased process efficiency and CCS in power & energy intensive industries, Advanced Materials for
CO2 separation processes for CCS and Advanced Materials with improved in-service performance in power & energy
intensive industries. The utilization of CO2, enabled by innovative Advanced Materials, should receive about 30% of
EU funding attention in the Key Component and should see an acceleration in Phases 2 & 3.
Phase 1
(2016 - 2017)
Phase 2
(2018 - 2019) &
Phase 3 (2020)
40% 60%
Innovation Topic #1Advanced Materials for lower cost, high safety, long cycle life &
environmentally friendly electrochemical batteries - Li ION BATTERIES35% 50% 50%
Innovation Topic #2
Advanced Materials for lower cost, high safety, long cycle life &
environmentally friendly electrochemical batteries - NEXT GENERATION
ELECTROCHEMICAL BATTERIES
25% 40% 60%
Innovation Topic #3
Advanced Materials for lower cost storage of energy in the form of
hydrogen or other chemicals (power to gas, power to liquid
technologies)
25% 40% 60%
Innovation Topic #4Advanced Materials to facilitate the integration of storage technologies
in the grid15% 30% 70%
Spending - Key Component 3
Advanced Materials to enable energy system integration
Share of efforts per
Innovation Topic
39
Table 11. Indicative timeline and recommended budget distribution across Key Component 4.
Time delivery of expected impacts per Key Component and per Innovation Topic
The present IDI is to be seen as a continued succession of innovation projects to accompany the Advanced Materials
technologies towards higher TRL and later towards a successful commercialization and market development. The
development of Advanced Materials for demanding applications such as is the case for low carbon energy
technologies is a time-consuming & risky process. The typical development cycle from lab to market for Advanced
Materials can range in most cases from 5 to 10 years and more when considering the needed parallel development
of continuously improved generations of Advanced Materials to keep on improving the KPIs of the application in
which they are used (cost reduction, performance improvement, improved lifecycle, longer lifetime, performance
stability).
For each Key Component & for each Innovation Topic, an estimation was made by EMIRI (based on members
feedback and with a strong weight given to feedback from Industry) as to the timing and magnitude of Impact.
EMIRI defined 3 horizons for Impact being “Impact by 2020”, “Impact by 2025” and “Impact beyond”.
As seen from overview table below, most Impact of conducting R&I on Advanced Materials for low carbon energy
technologies in the supportive context of an IDI is expected by 2025 and beyond which is in line with typical
development cycle (from lab to market) for Advanced Materials.
Highest contribution to total impact is expected by EMIRI members to come from Key Component 3 (Advanced
Materials to enable energy system integration) followed by Key Component 2 (Advanced Materials to make
renewable energy technologies competitive).
Phase 1
(2016 - 2017)
Phase 2
(2018 - 2019) &
Phase 3 (2020)
35% 65%
Innovation Topic #1Advanced Materials for increased process effciency and CCS in power
and energy intensive industries25% 40% 60%
Innovation Topic #2 Advanced Materials for CO2 separation processes for CCS 25% 40% 60%
Innovation Topic #3Improved methods for evaluating and monitoring materials performance
in service in the power and energy intensive industries20% 25% 75%
Innovation Topic #4 Advanced Materials for the utilization of CO2 30% 30% 70%
Spending - Key Component 4
Advanced Materials to enable the decarbonisation of the power sector
Share of efforts per
Innovation Topic
40
Table 12. Time delivery of expected impacts per Key Component.
Time delivery of expected impact for Key Component 1 – Advanced Materials to increase energy performance of
buildings
In Key Component 1, the highest impact is expected from conducting R&I on Advanced Materials for high
performance & durable coatings as well as developing the Advanced Materials needed to enable building-
integrated photovoltaics (novel PV technologies adapted to façade integration & efficient and protective
transparent barriers for organic photovoltaics).
Table 13. Time delivery of expected impacts per Innovation Topic within Key Component 1.
Time delivery of expected impact for Key Component 2 – Advanced Materials to make renewable energy
technologies competitive (Wind – PV – CSP)
In Key Component 2, the impact is more or less balanced between Wind & Solar (PV, CSP) with Wind presenting a
somewhat higher impact as well as a faster impact in general. Impact from R&I conducted on Advanced Materials
for wind energy and for solar energy will benefit from well-defined and limited number of Innovation Topics all
directly targeting a clear and strong reduction in the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) produced by these 2
Impact by 2020 Impact by 2025 Impact beyond
Key Component 1Advanced Materials to increase energy performance
of buildings20% 20% 40% 40%
Key Component 2Advanced Materials to make renewable energy
technologies competitive (Wind - PV - CSP)25% 25% 35% 40%
Key Component 3Advanced Materials to enable energy system
integration40% 30% 35% 35%
Key Component 4Advanced Materials to enable the decarbonisation of
the power sector15% 20% 40% 40%
Expected Impact
Impact by
2020
Impact by
2025
Impact
beyond
20% 40% 40%
Innovation Topic #1
Advanced Materials for high performance & durable coatings -
Development of cost efficient, high performance transparent conductive
coating on transparent supports
25% 20% 40% 40%
Innovation Topic #2 Advanced Materials & process technologies for switchable glazing 10% 25% 40% 35%
Innovation Topic #3Advanced Materials & new deposition processes for building-integrated
photovoltaics - Novel PV technologies for facade integration20% 20% 35% 45%
Innovation Topic #4
Advanced Materials & new deposition processes for building-integrated
photovoltaics - Efficient transparent barriers for organic photovoltaics
used in BIPV
20% 20% 35% 45%
Innovation Topic #5Advanced Materials for thermal energy storage (TES) - Next generation
thermal energy storage technologies10% 25% 30% 45%
Innovation Topic #6Advanced Materials for energy efficient highly glazed high rise façade
systems15% 20% 35% 45%
Expected Impact - Key Component 1
Advanced Materials to increase energy performance of buildings
Contribution
to expected
impact
41
renewable energy sources. Wind & Solar having both their specific advantages depending on where & how
renewable energy is to be recovered, EMIRI stresses the need to not give a strong advantage to the one renewable
energy or the other in terms of funding – Both options should be tackled with similar attention.
Table 14. Time delivery of expected impacts per Innovation Topic within Key Component 2.
Time delivery of expected impact for Key Component 3 – Advanced Materials to enable energy system
integration
In Key Component 3, it is clear that the highest contribution to Impact is expected by EMIRI members to come from
conducting R&I on electrochemical storage of energy (Li-ion batteries and next generation batteries). There is
indeed a growing need for better and continuously improved Advanced Materials for that application and this is
concomitant with positive forecast of market growth of energy storage using batteries. Storage of energy using the
“power to gas, liquid, fuels, chemicals, …” approach is also to be given strong attention since it offers a
complimentary solution with its own specificities and able to pick up where energy storage using batteries may not
be most adapted as a solution. Synergies between this approach and carbon capture & utilization for subsequent
chemistry is here to be kept in mind. Last but not least, Advanced Materials to facilitate integration of storage
technologies in the grid are also crucial to the whole puzzle of energy system integration and will deliver a specific
impact in terms of Advanced Materials to improve present technology (e.g. stronger, higher current overhead lines)
and enable emerging technologies (e.g. superconducting cables).
Impact by
2020
Impact by
2025
Impact
beyond
25% 35% 40%
Innovation Topic #1Advanced Materials for weight reduction of structural and functional
components in wind energy power generation30% 30% 40% 30%
Innovation Topic #2
Advanced Materials to improve corrosion & erosion resistance and
reduce degradation of structural and functional components in wind
energy power generation
25% 30% 30% 40%
Innovation Topic #3Advanced Materials for innovative multilayers for durable solar energy
harvesting15% 25% 35% 40%
Innovation Topic #4Advanced Materials and innovative design for high efficiency solar
energy harvesting15% 20% 35% 45%
Innovation Topic #5Advanced Materials and associated processes for low cost manufacturing
of solar energy harvesting systems15% 30% 35% 35%
Expected Impact - Key Component 2
Advanced Materials to make renewable energy technologies competitive (Wind - PV - CSP)
Contribution
to expected
impact
42
Table 15. Time delivery of expected impacts per Innovation Topic within Key Component 3.
Time delivery of expected impact for Key Component 4 – Advanced Materials to enable the decarbonisation of
the power sector
In Key Component 4, most impact is expected to come from Innovation Topics 1, 2 & 3 related do / dealing with
carbon capture & storage (CCS). Expected impact is lower for carbon capture & utilization (CCU) when looking at
the potential technology & market leadership of Advanced Materials enabling CCU. The potential overall impact of
CCU is however bigger when considering not only the market opportunities for Advanced Materials enabling CCU
but also the derived products which can emerge from conducting chemical processes using CO2 as a C1-feedstock.
Table 16. Time delivery of expected impacts per Innovation Topic within Key Component 4.
Impact by
2020
Impact by
2025
Impact
beyond
30% 35% 35%
Innovation Topic #1Advanced Materials for lower cost, high safety, long cycle life &
environmentally friendly electrochemical batteries - Li ION BATTERIES35% 30% 40% 30%
Innovation Topic #2
Advanced Materials for lower cost, high safety, long cycle life &
environmentally friendly electrochemical batteries - NEXT GENERATION
ELECTROCHEMICAL BATTERIES
25% 15% 40% 45%
Innovation Topic #3
Advanced Materials for lower cost storage of energy in the form of
hydrogen or other chemicals (power to gas, power to liquid
technologies)
25% 20% 35% 45%
Innovation Topic #4Advanced Materials to facilitate the integration of storage technologies
in the grid15% 25% 35% 40%
Expected Impact - Key Component 3
Advanced Materials to enable energy system integration
Contribution
to expected
impact
Impact by
2020
Impact by
2025
Impact
beyond
20% 40% 40%
Innovation Topic #1Advanced Materials for increased process efficiency and CCS in power
and energy intensive industries30% 30% 35% 35%
Innovation Topic #2 Advanced Materials for CO2 separation processes for CCS 15% 25% 40% 35%
Innovation Topic #3Improved methods for evaluating and monitoring materials performance
in service in the power and energy intensive industries25% 25% 35% 40%
Innovation Topic #4 Advanced Materials for the utilization of CO2 30% 25% 35% 40%
Expected Impact - Key Component 4
Advanced Materials to enable the decarbonisation of the power sector
Contribution
to expected
impact
43
Spread of Interest across the engaged Industry active in various Value Chains
Each Innovation Topic of the present IDI is supported on average by 40% of consulted industrial companies (EMIRI members) (dark blue cells are for
strong business interest, light blue cells are for medium business interest) – Moreover, industrial companies have on average a strong to very strong
interest into at least 5 of the Innovation Topics. Similar interests are expected from the broad industrial basis operating in Europe.
Table 17. Spread of interest across the engaged Industry active in the various Innovation Topics.
Industrial Players SOLVAY SIEMENS PLANSEEDOW
CORNINGDSM JSR MICRO DPS BOSCH
ARCELOR
MITTALBEKAERT HC STARK UMICORE AGC SAFT
K1-I1 1,0 1,0 1,0 0,5 0,5 0,5 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0
K1-I2 0,5 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0
K1-I3 1,0 0,5 0,5 1,0 0,5 0,5 0,5
K1-I4 1,0 1,0 1,0
K1-I5 0,5 1,0 0,5 1,0 0,5
K1-I6 0,5 0,5 1,0 0,5
Industrial Players SOLVAY SIEMENS PLANSEEDOW
CORNINGDSM JSR MICRO DPS BOSCH
ARCELOR
MITTALBEKAERT HC STARK UMICORE AGC SAFT
K2-I1 0,5 1,0 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 1,0 0,5
K2-I2 0,5 1,0 1,0 0,5 1,0 0,5 1,0 0,5 1,0 0,5
K2-I3 0,5 0,5 1,0
K2-I4 0,5 0,5 1,0 1,0
K2-I5 0,5 1,0 1,0 0,5 1,0
Industrial Players SOLVAY SIEMENS PLANSEEDOW
CORNINGDSM JSR MICRO DPS BOSCH
ARCELOR
MITTALBEKAERT HC STARK UMICORE AGC SAFT
K3-I1 1,0 0,5 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0
K3-I2 1,0 0,5 1,0 0,5 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0
K3-I3 0,5 1,0 1,0 0,5 1,0 1,0 1,0 0,5 1,0 0,5 1,0
K3-I4 0,5 1,0 0,5 0,5 0,5 1,0 0,5 1,0 1,0
Industrial Players SOLVAY SIEMENS PLANSEEDOW
CORNINGDSM JSR MICRO DPS BOSCH
ARCELOR
MITTALBEKAERT HC STARK UMICORE AGC SAFT
K4-I1 0,5 1,0 1,0 1,0 0,5
K4-I2 0,5 1,0 0,5 1,0
K4-I3 1,0 1,0 0,5 1,0
K4-I4 1,0 1,0 0,5 1,0 1,0
Key Component 4
Advanced Materials to enable the decarbonisation of the power sector
Key Component 1
Advanced Materials to increase energy performance of buildings
Key Component 2
Advanced Materials to make renewable energy technologies competitive (Wind - PV - CSP)
Key Component 3
Advanced Materials to enable energy system integration
44
PART III – EXPECTED IMPACTS
Expected impacts on Industry & Society
According to the Oxford Study realized for DG R&I, the market of Advanced Materials for energy applications
represents an important opportunity for the European Industry 17. The market is forecast by EU-endorsed study on
Value Added Materials (restrictive subset of Advanced Materials) to grow at 8% annual growth rate from a
conservative 14 billion euro in 2015 to 37 billion euro in 2030 and to an impressive 175 billion euro by 2050 in EU
(accounting for about 6 to 8% of total market value for the derived energy applications) 17. By 2050, the market for
Advanced Materials for energy applications should be higher than the market of Advanced Materials for transport
and the market of Advanced Materials for health combined 17.
However, in Advanced Materials for Energy, EU faces strong international competition at the expense of its
industrial leadership:
� End-markets of low carbon energy technologies using Advanced Materials are strongly developing outside of
EU (e.g. Asia is rapidly developing its capacity for production of low carbon energy) 2
� Manufacturing of devices, components, Advanced Materials is for these low carbon energy technologies is
moving to end-markets and is established outside of EU (e.g. Asia is rapidly moving up the value chains,
leading to emergence of new champions often at expense of historical players) 9,10
� Innovation in field of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies is steadily following manufacturing
with EU excelling at basic research while the rest of the world also focuses on higher technology readiness level
research to innovate, manufacture and commercialize 10
� This creates future dependency risks on imported low carbon energy technologies
Counterbalancing this trend and building a strong European leadership with a global business reach requires the
development and implementation of a supportive European Policy Framework driving innovation, manufacturing
and market development of low carbon energy technologies in EU. A strong long-term partnership of private and
public sectors (Industry-Driven Initiative - IDI) focusing through an Innovation Pillar on reducing innovation risks &
accelerating innovation is key to safeguarding EU’s future in the field (Figure 8).
Based on public figures published by various trade associations, the EU-based (products manufactured in EU and
sold inside and outside of EU) sector of Advanced Materials (plastics, non-ferrous metals, steel, glass …) is estimated
at 650 billion euro, employing more than 2.5 million people (in direct jobs and around 4 times more in indirect jobs
along the various value chains served) supporting the manufacturing in EU of more than 300 million tons of materials
7. More than 3% of revenues are commonly re-invested into R&D leading to creation of 6.000 direct jobs for
researchers & engineers each time 1 more billion euro is re-invested into R&D 8. For any additional billion of
revenues generated by the EU-based sector, 4.000 direct jobs (across all functions) are created and around 60
million euro are invested as CAPEX 8.
The segment of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies is conservatively estimated by EMIRI’s
internal study at around 4-5% of EU-based sector but it is one with the highest growth potential 7. EMIRI estimates
the EU-based segment of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies at 30 billion euro in 2015,
employing more than 110.000 people (direct jobs) including 5.000 researchers in the industry 7. EU must seize the
opportunity to establish Industrial Leadership in this growing segment or this opportunity will be captured by others.
Provided policies driving innovation, manufacturing and market development of low carbon energy technologies
are in place across Europe, the annual turnover of EU-based segment producing Advanced Materials for low carbon
energy technologies could increase by more than 50% by 2025 (at more than 45 billion euro in a conservative
45
assessment – this corresponds to a compounded annual growth rate of 4%), generate an additional 65.000 direct
jobs, provide job opportunities for close to 3.000 additional researchers in the industry and lead to a strong increase
in yearly CAPEX (Figure 9) 7,8.
Figure 8. Technology to market translation needs – The need for the Innovation Pillar of the EMERIT IDI.
Figure 9. Conservative estimate of Europe-based industry of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies and its
potential for policy-driven growth 7,8..
Expected impact of achieving the specific R&I objectives of IDI (overall impact of IDI at EU scale)
Achieving the specific R&D objectives of IDI will, among others, contribute to:
� Getting the right Advanced Materials faster to the market by addressing the three typical innovation risks
(execution, adoption and co-innovation risks)
46
� Accelerating the development & deployment of low carbon energy technologies enabled by Advanced
Materials
� Enabling stronger and more competitive value chains to drive competitiveness of the EU Industrial Sector of
Advanced Materials for Energy and restore Industrial Leadership of EU
� Securing R&D and capital investments of the Industry in EU
� Safeguarding & creating quality jobs in EU for operators, researchers, engineers
� Contributing to tackle Energy Union Challenges (cleaner, cheaper and more accessible energy)
� Contributing to tackle EU Manufacturing Challenges (20% of EU GDP from manufacturing by 2020)
Arrangements to monitor & assess progress towards achieving desired effects (KPIs)
Key to the development and deployment in Europe of low carbon energy, the right Advanced Materials need to be
developed and brought to the market in sufficiently large quantities and as fast as possible. The development of
Advanced Materials is a lengthy, risky, competitive and costly process and it is therefore crucial to monitor the
progress of innovation efforts as well as have clear knowledge and understanding of applications and their market
evolution.
The innovation actions carried out in the frame of the IDI will benefit from the Governance model and will draw
upon a detailed and valuable list of technology-oriented Key Performance Indicators (Innovation KPIs) such as those
present in the recently published SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 3 and the Materials Roadmap enabling low carbon
energy technologies 12.
Within the IDI, the Innovation KPIs (on Advanced Materials properties, on technology advantages benefiting from
these improved Advanced Materials properties) will need to be defined, measured, reported and analyzed (for
corrective actions) at 3 levels being the project(s) (Innovation Topic), the portfolio of projects sharing similarities /
synergies (Key Component) and finally at the level of the programme (Innovation Pillar). In the fast-evolving
environment of low carbon energy, it will also be crucial to confront these Innovation KPIs to the evolution of
applications and their markets to ensure fast and appropriate corrective actions.
Las but not least, most important KPIs used to evaluate the impact of the IDI will be the business-oriented KPIs
(those related to protecting and developing Industrial leadership of EU-based players, creation of SMEs, new
patents, …). These KPIs, later called Economical & Societal KPIs are necessary to best orient innovation efforts and
increase chances of valorization.
Operational KPIs
Operational KPIs (Table 18) will have to be selected & monitored over time to evaluate the IDI as a tool as to its
effectiveness and efficiency to facilitate the achievement of the IDI objectives. Monitoring of the KPIs will have to
lead to corrective measures where needed and KPIs may need to be adapted over time to best represent reality
and best support decision-making and progress measurement.
47
Table 18. Potential Operational KPIs to monitor & assess progress of IDI.
Selection of potential KPIs to monitor & assess progress of IDI
Operational # 1 Contribution of the IDI to ensure R&I objectives are met
Operational # 2 Contribution of the IDI to enhance the deployment of EU policies on Energy,
Innovation, Manufacturing, Growth & Jobs
Operational # 3 Effectiveness of EMIRI in supporting the creation and the operations of the IDI to reach
the R&I objectives and promote the initiative across a broad stakeholder base
Operational # 4 Effectiveness of the IDI model as a tool for increasing R&I investment from private
sector
Operational # 5 Effectiveness of the IDI model to pool various stakeholders between public and private
sectors to combine private and public sources of funds
Operational # 6
Level of participation (per call and topic) in the different Innovation Topics of the IDI
(per sub-sector, per organization type, per organization size, per organization
geography, …)
Operational # 7 Number of project proposals submitted (per call and topic) and quantified per sub-
sector
Operational # 8 Number of project proposals above the threshold (per call and topic) and quantified
per sub-sector
Operational # 9 Percentage of proposal reaching negotiation and measurement of lead time between
project submission and project launch
Operational # 10 Measurement of lead time between project submission and project launch
Operational # 11 Participation mapping in terms of geography
Operational # 12 Budget allocation across different sub-sectors, low carbon energy technologies,
entities (industry, SMEs, RTOs, Universities, …)
Operational # 13 Budget allocation across different activities (RIA, IA) and along TRL scale
Operational # 14 Sufficiency of funding to reach project objectives
Operational # 15 Number of projects delivering on proposed objectives (success factor measurement)
Innovation KPIs
Innovation KPIs (Table 19) will be used to guide the innovation of Advanced Materials across the Innovation Topics
and the Key Components. An indicative first list of Innovation KPIs is available as Annex at the end of this document.
These KPIs are line with the Innovation KPIs mentioned in SET Plan Materials Roadmap 12, SET Plan Integrated
Roadmap 3, documents prepared by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) in frame of SETIS 30. Innovation KPIs will need
to be adapted over time in line with technology development forecasts to reflect market evolutions &
requirements.
48
Table 19. Potential Innovation KPIs to monitor & assess progress of IDI.
Selection of potential KPIs to monitor & assess progress of IDI
Innovation
Key Component 1
Advanced Materials to
increase energy
performance of buildings
For each
Innovation
Topic
Over time
By 2020
By 2025
After 2025
1. Identification of which
challenge from SET plan
integrated roadmap is tackled by
the Innovation Topic
2. Identification of which
technology-related action from
SET plan integrated roadmap is
tackled by the Innovation Topic
and to which extent contribution
is made
3. KPIs at the level of the
Advanced Materials (physical,
chemical properties)
4. KPIs at the level of the
Advanced Materials (maximum
production costs)
5. KPIs at the level of the low
carbon energy technologies
enabled by the Advanced
Materials (performance
specifications)
6. KPIs at the level of the low
carbon energy technologies
enabled by the Advanced
Materials (cost of the low carbon
energy technologies, levelized
cost of electricity produced by
these low carbon energy
technologies)
Innovation
Key Component 2
Advanced Materials to
make renewable
electricity technologies
competitive
Innovation
Key Component 3
Advanced Materials to
enable energy system
integration (energy
storage, grids)
Innovation
Key Component 4
Advanced Materials to
enable decarbonisation of
power sector
Economical & Societal KPIs
As far as Economical & Societal KPIs are concerned, we recommend to consider KPIs for the technology
development cycle and KPIs for the market development cycle. The table below lists a selection of potential KPIs
(Table 20). To make sense of it all and enable the assessment of the evolution of the industrial leadership of EU-
based players, it will also be very important to rely on and compare information from various sources such as the
Joint Research Centre (JRC), DG ENERGY, DG GROW, DG R&I, Industry, market analysts, brokers, … on how global
and regional markets are evolving in terms of size and growth potential, mix of low carbon energy technologies,
competitive intensity & profitability, key success factors … along the value chain from producers of Advanced
Materials down to low carbon energy technology manufacturers and users in the field (utilities).
49
Table 20. Potential Economical & Societal KPIs to monitor & assess progress of IDI.
Selection of potential KPIs to monitor & assess economical & societal progress of IDI
During technology
development cycle
(before
commercialization of
the Advanced
Materials developed in
frame of IDI)
- at level of project(s)
(Innovation Topic)
- at level of portfolio of
projects addressing
same low carbon
energy technologies
(Key Component)
- at level of the
programme
(Innovation Pillar)
Number of researchers participating in projects
supported by the IDI
Number of training activities
Number of PhD generated
Trends in patents & external dissemination
Level of investment in R&I (private and public)
Number of projects showing evidence of technology risk
reduction (delivering on technological expectations)
Number of projects showing evidence of market risk
reduction (delivering on improved insight of market
needs and market adoption chances)
During market
development cycle
(once
commercialization
started, after the
innovation projects are
completed)
At level of one family
of Advanced Materials
for a specific low
carbon energy
technology
Estimated reduction in time to market (T2M) thanks to
developing the Advanced Materials in frame of IDI
Estimated reduction in time to profits (T2P) thanks to
developing the Advanced Materials in frame of IDI
Estimated reduction in time to scale (T2S) thanks to
developing the Advanced Materials in frame of IDI
Number of researchers active in supporting market
development of the new Advanced Materials
Opportunities for development of new generations of
Advanced Materials and their intellectual protection
Trends in patenting activity
Number of jobs created following commercialization of
the new Advanced Materials (in innovation,
manufacturing, sales, …)
Investment in R&I to support the market development
of the new Advanced Materials
50
Investment in capital to support production of the new
Advanced Materials
Evolution of market size (in EU and outside of EU) which
can be served by the new Advanced Materials
Evolution of market presence (trends in market share)
and manufacturing volume (in EU and outside of EU) of
the new Advanced Materials
Level of competitive pressure and competitiveness of
the EU-based industry on the served market
At level of the sector of
Advanced Materials for
low carbon energy
technologies
Evolution of revenues of EU-based players (per
addressed geographic market, per sub-sector (glass,
plastics, non-ferrous metals, steel, …), per addressed
low carbon energy technology)
Evolution of R&D spending of EU-based players
Evolution of capital expenditures of EU-based players
Evolution of workforce at EU-based players
Evolution of number of researchers active at EU-based
players
Trends in patenting activity
Number of new Advanced Materials (generations)
brought to the market
Trends in business continuity and creation of SMEs,
start-ups
Other indicators typical of annual reports, balance
sheet, profit & loss statement
Other indicators typical of innovation performance
management
51
Additionality to existing activities, added value of action at EU level and of public intervention using EU funds
(benefits of an IDI compared to other options)
Added value of action at Union level
Turning the global challenge of low carbon, secure, affordable energy into an opportunity for the European Industry
and European citizens can best be done by acting swiftly at European level with a strong articulation with the
different sensitivities and priorities at Member State level.
Following adoption of the Communication on Energy Technologies and Innovation in 2013, and the Conclusions of
the European Council in May 2013, the European Commission has initiated an update of its research & innovation
policy, the Strategic Energy Technologies (SET) Plan, stressing the need for reinforced actions at European level to
meet more effectively Europe’s objectives in field of energy & climate change 13, 14.
This much-awaited update of Research & Innovation Policy led end of 2014 to a detailed document validated by
the SET Plan Steering Group involving Member States and assimilated by contributing stakeholders (including
EMIRI) to a SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 3 listing the many Research & Innovation (R&I) Challenges and needs of
the EU Energy System as well as advocating the need for a reinforced research & innovation response at EU level.
In frame of the Energy Union of President Juncker 1, the recent Communication to the European Parliament on the
Integrated SET Plan 5 outlines 10 key actions among which sustaining technological leadership of EU by developing
highly performant low carbon energy technologies, and reducing the cost of these technologies are clearly enabled
by Advanced Materials.
Innovations based on Advanced Materials need to be developed at EU scale tapping into the broad range of
competences developed in EU in past framework programmes and present at different stakeholders from research
& technology organizations, universities and industry spread over the continent. For the various R&I actions listed
in the SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 3, EMIRI has assessed (refer to Part II – Research & Innovation Strategy of the
present document) to which extent and at what speed Innovation in Advanced Materials (also called Industrial
Research & Demonstration in the SET Plan Integrated Roadmap) will have an impact as well as which Innovation
Topics from the EMERIT Industry-Driven Initiative will most contribute to the impact in terms of technology
development and leadership.
A similar exercise had been done in the past (end 2011) in frame of the SET Plan Materials Roadmap 12 and led to a
list of proposed R&I actions spread over time and across technologies. The roadmap established then was the first
time such a comprehensive exercise was done in field of Advanced Materials for Energy. The EMERIT IDI has of
course also integrated the key insights from the SET Plan Materials Roadmap 12 and added a prioritization layer
based on criteria encompassing market attractiveness, value chain elements and ability of EU-based industry of
Advanced Materials to build a competitive position on the global stage of Advanced Materials for low carbon
energy.
EU now has most elements & tools needed to accelerate innovation and mitigate the risks. We strongly believe that
such an endeavour can only be achieved efficiently and effectively at EU level through the establishment in
reasonable delays of a sizeable and stable long term multi-annual Innovation Pillar relying upon a programmatic
52
approach and offering Industry a clear outlook on where and how EU is aligning its innovation priorities and how
this is translated into resources to support the innovation for the Energy Union.
The EMERIT IDI can be seen as an implementation programme for the contributions of Key Enabling Technology
(KET) of Advanced Materials to Energy Union 5 & its SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 3. It will reinforce and develop
technology leadership of EU-based industry of Advanced Materials and stimulate EU-based manufacturing to
contribute to the Europe-wide strategic objective of growing the share of manufacturing to 20% of GDP by 2020
and beyond.
Added value of implementation via an Industry-Driven Initiative versus “business as usual”
Building a strong European leadership in the field of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies
requires an integrated approach at European level involving strongly the Industry and the research world and
focusing specifically on innovation (technology readiness level (TRL) of 4 to 7). A strong European Innovation Pillar,
widely supported by the key Industry players, is needed to bridge the gap existing between the research world and
the market, tackle the current shortcomings and accelerate innovation by reducing the three typical innovation
risks (execution risk, value chain / market adoption risk and co-innovation risk). A well-designed, carefully
constructed Industry-driven Initiative (IDI) is the best option to take into account the business dimension of
innovation, best allocate public and private resources, increase success rate of R&D and develop better & faster a
strong portfolio of Advanced Materials innovations for low carbon energy technologies.
Recognized for a few years as a key enabling technology (KET) 18 to be supported by the European Commission,
Advanced Materials have already received a strong attention during the 7th EU Framework Programme (2007 –
2014). Within the NMP FP7 programme only, over 750 million euro of EU funding was used to support more than
170 projects related to materials for energy applications 19. These projects were very often hovering around low
technology readiness levels (more research than innovation) and resulted into a very weak valorization (low patent
intensity, low commercialization potential). However, a very strong base of competences on Advanced Materials
for low carbon energy technologies was created thanks to FP7 and it is now an ideal base to empower the focus on
innovation in Horizon 2020.
The construction of an IDI on Advanced Materials will be driven by a dynamic grouping of Industry players and
research players teaming up in the frame of EMIRI and interfacing with existing ETPs & relevant Associations (see
Part IV – Governance). The priorities supported by the members of EMIRI are strongly in line with elements listed
in the SET Plan Materials Roadmap 12 and the SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 3. In that respect, a future IDI with EMIRI
playing a pivotal role in its establishment and ensuring its execution can be considered as the necessary
implementation arm of the recommended actions on Advanced Materials outlined in the SET Plan Integrated
Roadmap document released by the European Commission early December 2014.
Implementation of the innovation agenda of the Industry-driven initiative will also benefit from interfacing with
other EU R&I mechanisms such as the European Energy Research Alliance (EERA) 20, the European University
Association & Energy Platform of the European Universities (EUA-EPUE) 21, the SET Plan European Technology and
Innovation Platforms (ETIP) 22 developed in frame of review SET Plan Governance, the European Institute of
Technology Knowledge and Innovation Community (EIT KIC) Innoenergy 23 and the European Strategic Forum on
Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) 24. Altogether, Industry, Research Centers and Universities cover the entire research
and innovation spectrum and have already significant activities & competences platforms on which to build for the
implementation of the market-oriented innovation agenda.
53
Ability to leverage additional industrial investments in research & innovation and monitoring of industrial
commitments
Based on the scope of the IDI (over the 4 Key Components and the selected Innovation Topics), it is estimated that
600 million euro of funds (total coming from private side and public side) is needed to reach critical innovation
mass, reduce innovation risks and accelerate innovation within the TRL zone 4 to 7. Bringing developments in
Advanced Materials from TRL 4 to 9, i.e. to market access, would require up to 1.5 billion euro with private funds
accounting for at least 80% of total funds (Table 21).
Table 21. Estimation of total funds and private funds needed to reach critical innovation mass at level of the Innovation Pillar
and per Key Component.
Share of
funds (%)
Total funds
(for R&I activities
in TRL zone 4 – 7)
(Meuro)
Private funds
(for R&I activities
in TRL zone 4 – 7)
(Meuro)
Private funds (for
R&I activities and
investments in TRL
zone 4 to 9)
(Meuro)
Key
Component 1
Advanced Materials to
increase the energy
performance of buildings
20% 120 60 240
Key
Component 2
Advanced Materials to
make renewable
electricity technologies
competitive
30% 180 90 360
Key
Component 3
Advanced Materials to
enable energy system
integration
35% 210 105 420
Key
Component 4
Advanced Materials to
enable decarbonisation
of power sector
15% 90 45 180
Total over all Key Components 100% 600 Meuro 300 Meuro 1.200 Meuro
When embedded in components, devices, systems for the production of low carbon energy, Advanced Materials
have to conform to very demanding conditions in terms of performance and its stability over time quite often in
harsh, difficult environments. It goes without saying that the innovation in Advanced Materials is a costly and
lengthy endeavour taking years from the application lab to the validation step before releasing to the market –
Moreover production of these Advanced Materials relies upon high tech processes in controlled manufacturing
54
conditions / environments to ensure process stability and product quality over time. Considering these elements
and the need to maintain industrial presence and leadership in Europe in line with Commission’s will to stimulate
re-industrialization of Europe in key high tech sectors, it is essential to engage into risk sharing between the public
and private worlds as an IDI.
Helping industry bridge and cross the critical innovation gap between lab and markets is one of European
Commission’s priorities. In Horizon 2020, close to 6 billion euro are dedicated to Key Enabling Technologies in the
Industrial Leadership pillar and close to 6 billion euro are available to invest in R&I on secure, clean and efficient
energy (not covering nuclear energy research) in the Societal Challenges pillar 31. Part of this budget is used for R&I
on Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies. This budget is clearly not sufficient to cover the needs
to develop the Advanced Materials enabling the SET plan technologies and a strong partnership with industry is
vital to develop common innovation roadmaps & the derived work programmes adapted to industry’s realities and
market needs. Industry has the responsibility to provide most of the investment and commitment needed to take
these Advanced Materials from the lab to the markets but it is also European Commission responsibility to help
Industry reduce the innovation risks to accelerate innovation for the benefit of the European Energy Union, the
European Economy and the European citizens.
The capacities map prepared by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) provides an assessment of public and corporate
R&D investment in low carbon technologies in the EU addressing the key R&D technology needs and challenges
identified by the SET plan 32. Despite the climate of uncertainty due to weak recovery of advanced economies and
the slowdown of growth in emerging economies, a progressive rate of increase in R&D investment was observed
in the EU. Overall R&D intensity remains however low below the target of 3% of GDP (behind South Korea, Japan
and the USA). As far as low carbon energy technologies are concerned, 8.8 billion euro were invested in 2011 in
Europe in R&D for SET-plan technologies and the majority of funding came from corporate sector 32. Industry
invested over 5.8 billion euro (66%), national programmes (leading countries being France and Germany)
represented 2.5 billion euro (28%) and the rest (about 500 million euro or 6%) came from EU funding mechanisms.
Industry invested twice more than all national programmes taken together and more than 10 times more than EU
32. In 2011, the investment in the SET plan technologies amounted to roughly 3% of total R&D investment in EU 32.
The Industry developing, manufacturing, and commercializing Advanced Materials for low carbon energy
technologies typically invests 800 million euro per year in R&D (close to 3% R&D intensity) as well as 2 billion euro
per year in capital expenditures 8. It also employs 5.000 people in R&D (close to 5% of all workforce) 7. Compared
to investment in R&D in Europe of the whole manufacturing sector active in SET plan technologies (the whole value
chain of companies manufacturing materials, chemicals, components, devices, systems), the Industry of Advanced
Materials represents a significant part.
The establishment of a public-private industry-driven initiative will contribute to sustaining and possibly growing
the R&D intensity (private R&D investment) of the Industry of Advanced Materials through leverage effect along
the innovation chain to reach markets. Estimation of the leverage factor to be expected was made by EMIRI. The
ratio of private funding over public funding was estimated at up to 1.5 when restricting the TRL range between 4
to 7 (which is the focus of the present IDI) and the ratio was estimated to a conservative value of up to 4 when
considering the TRL range of 4 to 9, i.e. taking a technology concept validated in the lab and bringing it to
deployment. Indeed, when analyzing the funding evolution as projects evolve, the funding sources evolve from
public to private when moving along the TRL scale with large efforts (mostly capital expenditures for starting
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commercial operations) made by the Industry after TRL 7. Resorting to additional funding mechanisms beyond
Horizon 2020 is then sometimes occurring using EIB, Structural Funds, Member States schemes … Major capital
investments by Industry always follow to ramp up scale and ensure scale-driven manufacturing cost reductions to
ensure competitiveness and market presence.
Monitoring of private investments and public investments (from EU side) could be followed using a methodology
close to the one used by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) in their report on capacity mapping published in 2015
“Capacity Mapping: R&D investment in SET-plan technologies” 32. Assistance of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) and
the European Commission services would be beneficial and a third party could be involved to ensure independence
and consistency of monitoring indicators such as those outlined in Table 5.
Figure 10. Overall synergy between private and public investments, highlighting leverage factor over the technology
development cycle.
Table 22. Typical indicators for monitoring of R&D investment in SET Plan Technologies.
Typical indicators for monitoring of R&D investment in SET Plan Technologies
R&D investment # 1 Corporate R&D investment, public funding available at EU level, public funding
available through national mechanisms
R&D investment # 2 Over all the SET plan low carbon energy technologies covered in the IDI
R&D investment # 3 Per SET plan low carbon energy technology covered in the IDI
R&D investment # 4 Absolute values, relative values and change over time
R&D investment # 5 Positioning in the technology development cycle (TRL positioning)
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R&D investment # 6
Monitoring also per country of establishment of the Industrial players (absolute
amount and compared to GDP) and of EU and leading countries with other
countries, regions of the world
R&D investment # 7 Share of investment by Industry of Advanced Materials in total investment by the
whole Industry over the manufacturing value chain
R&D investment # 8 Corporate R&D investment versus turnover (at level of Industry of Advanced
Materials and over the manufacturing value chain)
R&D investment # 9 Number of leading companies identified per SET plan technology
R&D investment # 10 Number of leading countries identified per SET plan technology
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PART IV – GOVERNANCE AND INFORMATION ON THE LEGAL ENTITY AND SUGGESTED
ROLES FOR THE IDI PARTNERS
The EMERIT IDI aims to bridge the innovation gap between research and market by providing the needed insight
for the creation of an Innovation Pillar instrumental in reducing risks of innovation and accelerating the innovation
for the successful transformation of the European energy system towards a low carbon energy future. This roadmap
is the best alternative to parallel running short-term initiatives and its added value also resides in a staged approach
with short-term, medium-term and long-term horizons.
Through EMIRI, over 60 organizations have so far put their expertise in offering a consistent approach to innovation
in Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies covering Advanced Materials for high-efficiency
buildings, Advanced Materials for wind and solar, Advanced Materials for energy system integration (storage &
grids) and finally Advanced Materials for the decarbonisation of the power sector.
The development, manufacturing and commercialization of Advanced Materials is a long and capital-intensive cycle
based on long-term investment plans with high risk factor and long return on investments. The very nature of that
sector therefore requires a clear, predictable and stable strategic agenda whose financing by private partners can
be facilitated by strategic funding from the public side, under the form of a public-private partnership for instance.
Such a partnership can increase the sector’s chances of securing competitiveness and contribute to growth & jobs
in Europe.
EMIRI is a community of over 60 organizations (Industry, Research & Technology Organizations, and leading
Associations) with leading activities in fields of innovation and manufacturing of Advanced Materials for the various
low carbon technologies. It is undoubtedly the best nucleus for further consolidation of our sector and it therefore
offers Europe the best platform for a sustainable dialogue and an efficient, transparent, objective-driven, market-
oriented, business-friendly working structure and collaboration platform between Industry, Research Centers &
Universities, Associations, Member States and EU Institutions, as well as other regions of the world. The Industry-
Driven Initiative described here is the best way forward to secure the platform. The ways of working and
Governance of the Industry-Driven Initiative are further described. Just like this IDI builds on results of the SET Plan
activities such as the SET Plan Integrated Roadmap 3 to which EMIRI has contributed, it will also be the case for the
Governance by considering and interacting with the future structures of the currently-being-revised SET Plan
Governance 22.
Governance model of the Industry-Driven Initiative
The IDI could be optimally established on grounds similar to those adopted for cPPPs, covered by Article 19 of
Horizon 2020 regulation. Securing the commitment and involvement of both parties would benefit from a
contractual arrangement between the European Commission (public side) and the EMIRI AISBL representing the
private side of the partnership.
The contractual arrangement will specify the objectives of the IDI, the respective commitments of the partners, the
indicative financial envelope for European Commission contribution for the rest of the Horizon 2020 (this will be
translated later into the various work programmes), a monitoring and reviewing mechanism based on KPIs. The
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contractual arrangement would have legal nature similar to a Memorandum of Understanding and would not be
legally binding. It will outline the governance structure, including the mechanisms by which the Commission will
seek advice from the private partners within the partnership. The IDI will be implemented through competitive calls
included in the research and innovation work programmes and within the rules of participation of Horizon 2020. In
line with its industry-driven approach, the IDI could also provide guidance and support on topics related to regional
specialization strategies, European strategic investments… in field of Advanced Materials and low carbon energy
technologies.
The Governance of the IDI will have to take into account the diversity observed along the value chain and will have
to involve the various different stakeholders, which are Industry (producers of Advanced Materials & key users of
Advanced Materials), RTOs, Universities, European Technology Platforms, other key Associations, European
Commission, Member States representatives. While RTOs, Universities, R&D labs of industrial players producing
Advanced Materials have strong knowledge of state of the art of Advanced Materials technologies as well as
challenges of developing new generations of performant Advanced Materials, Industrial representatives of the
downstream part of the value chain (producers and users of systems for production, storage and delivery of low
carbon energy) have clear insights into how market needs will evolve and how this is translated into technology
needs. All these important stakeholders need to have their voice heard and need to interact in frame of the IDI
Governance to ensure innovation is well guided and is accelerated with the help of public private risk sharing
instruments.
Fulfilling the objectives of the contractual arrangement, definition of the Strategy of the IDI, implementation
mechanism for Strategy of the IDI will be performed under the leadership and responsibility of the Steering Board
(the main mechanism for dialogue between the private side and the public side of the IDI). The Steering Board will
be composed of a private side in which EMIRI will play a leading role and consisting of key representatives from
Industry, RTOs & Universities, ETPs, relevant Associations, and a public side with representatives from the
European Commission services involved in Advanced Materials, Energy, Manufacturing. Steering Board will also
have the possibility to invite ad-hoc observers / contributors when judged relevant and necessary to support an
informed decision-making.
The responsibility of regularly tuning the Strategic Research & Innovation Agenda to take into account the market
developments, the technology needs, the industrial requirements will be in the hands of the Advisory Committee.
The Advisory Committee will also be key in defining the annual work plans for Horizon 2020 and other funding
instruments. The Advisory Committee will make sure that voices of Industry, RTOs & Universities, ETPs, relevant
Associations and representatives from the European Commission services are heard by involving the different
stakeholders and also conduct broad consultations when judged necessary for the good definition of work plans
and in the interest of openness and transparency. Taking into account inputs and advice from EMIRI through a
regular dialogue with the European Commission will be of importance in order to identify research and innovation
activities to recommend for financial support under Horizon 2020 and beyond.
We will also recommend the creation of a Group of Representatives from the Members States and Associated
Countries, which will provide advice to the Steering Board and Advisory Committee and will be consulted.
Interfacing with structures of the SET Plan Governance will have to be considered here.
The day-to-day management of the IDI will be the responsibility of the Executive Secretariat which is the operational
unit executing the decisions of the Steering Board. The Executive Secretariat will organize the works of the Steering
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Board and Advisory Committee and will interact on a regular basis with the European Commission Services.
Examples of such interactions are assisting in defining content of Calls for Proposals, providing feedback in frame
of evaluation of consortia and their project proposals, promoting and communicating on the IDI, developing
consultation processes on major documents such as roadmaps, organizing dedicated workshops on specific topics
and collecting inputs of broad stakeholder basis. EMIRI will play a key role in the Executive Secretariat.
Statutes and modus operandi of EMIRI Association
EMIRI (Energy Materials Industrial Research Initiative) is the leading industry-driven non-profit international
association founded late 2012 (ruled by Belgian law as an AISBL) and representing today more than 60 organizations
(industry, research, associations) active in Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies through their
development, manufacturing and commercialization in Europe and globally. EMIRI is an association open to any
potential relevant organization operating in the field of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies.
Our Industry & Research members represent at least 4 billion euro in sales of Advanced Materials for low carbon
energy technologies, invest more than EUR 400 million annually in R&I and can mobilize thousands of researchers.
EMIRI contributes to the industrial leadership of EU-based developers & producers and key users of Advanced
Materials for low carbon energy technologies through helping shape an appropriate innovation & manufacturing
policy framework based upon SET Plan. To achieve these objectives, EMIRI has developed a multi-annual roadmap
to address research, development and innovation needs & priorities. In frame of Horizon 2020, EMIRI represents
the private sector and collaborates with the European Commission DG R&I to engage in a partnership (the Industry-
Driven Initiative) and develop the much-needed Innovation Pillar described here.
The members of EMIRI are committed to the success of the IDI and will act in good faith and transparency towards
other members, the European Commission services and the society throughout their active participation to the IDI.
The EMIRI Association and its members support the Openness priorities put forth by European Commissioner for
Research and Innovation Carlos Moedas and will make sure these priorities are given high attention in the IDI.
The membership to the EMIRI association is open to:
� Industrial companies active in the field of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies through
innovation and manufacturing in Europe
� Research & Technology Organizations (including Universities) active in the field of Advanced Materials for low
carbon energy technologies
� Associations (European Technology Platforms, Materials Research Societies, Academies, Trade Associations)
and other stakeholders having an interest in Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies
Joining EMIRI follows a simple process of completing a membership application form highlighting namely the role
of the candidate in the sector, its activities and the contribution it intends to make to the work of EMIRI. Received
application is then to be formally accepted by the Steering Committee (Board of Directors) and it is then later
officially validated by the General Assembly (according to Belgian Law and EMIRI Association’s statutes).
EMIRI is ruled by a General Assembly composed of all members of the association and which is the main decision-
making body of the association. Each member of EMIRI has one representative and associated voting rights except
for associations which do not have voting rights. The General Assembly meets twice per year to review the
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administrative & financial conduct of the association, be informed on status of EMIRI activities and their progress,
review and validate the Strategy of the association.
EMIRI is governed by an elected Steering Committee (Board of Directors) consisting of representatives from the
Industry (majority), the Research & Technology Organizations including Universities, and Associations. The Steering
Committee is in charge and accountable for the management of the association and the preparation of the Strategy
to be validated by the General Assembly. The Steering Committee is headed by a Chairman (chosen among Industry
members of the association) and two Vice-Chairmen (one from the research world and one from an Association).
The daily management of the EMIRI association is in the hands of a Managing Director who reports to the Steering
Committee (informally and formally through at least 4 reporting meetings per year) and to the General Assembly
(two meetings per year). The managing director is in charge of administration, financial management, development
of Strategy proposals for the Steering Committee, flow of information between members and external
stakeholders, preparation of EMIRI official documents and recommendations, representation of the association,
interaction with the European Commission …
EMIRI also consists of various working groups to which any member can participate. These working groups operate
in full transparency and their work is accessible to all members. The Advocacy & Communication Working Group is
in charge of helping the managing director with the elaboration of strategy proposals for the Steering Committee,
developing the advocacy activities and organize the various communication activities from tools to events such as
workshops open to EMIRI members and outsiders. The 5 Technology Working Groups (Energy Efficient, Solar, Wind,
Energy System Integration, CCS-CCU) are in charge of establishing and adapting the dynamic roadmap (topics,
timing, KPIs, …) thanks to participation of various members from Industry and Research world. Information,
dissemination of results and IPR, within the association and towards stakeholders, will be handled in compliance
with Horizon 2020 rules of participation.
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ANNEX I – ACRONYMS & ABBREVIATIONS
Ag Silver
AISBL Association internationale sans but lucratif
Al Aluminium
BEMS Building energy management systems
BIPV Building-integrated photovoltaics
C1 Carbon
Ca Calcium
CAPEX Capital expenditures
CCS Carbon capture and sequestration
CCU Carbon capture and utilization
CO2 Carbon dioxide
cPPP Contractual public-private partnership
CSP Concentrated solar power
DG R&I Directorate General Research & Innovation
E2BA Energy efficient buildings association
ECTP European construction technology platform
EEB Energy efficient buildings
EERA European energy research alliance
EIB European Investment Bank
EIT KIC European institute of technology - Knowledge and innovation community
EMERIT Energy materials for Europe - Research and industry innovating together
EMIRI Energy materials industrial research initiative
EPIA European photovoltaics industry association
EPUE Energy platform of the European universities
ESFRI European strategic forum on research infrastructures
ESS Energy storage systems
ETIP European Technology and Innovation Platform
ETP European Technology Platform
EU European Union
EUA European university association
FP7 Framework Programme 7
GDP Gross domestic product
GW Gigawatt
H2 Hydrogen
H2O Water
HLG High-level group
HTF Heat transfer fluid
HVAC Heating, ventilation and air conditioning
IA Innovation action
ICT Information and communication technologies
IDI Industry-driven initiative
IEA International Energy Agency
IRENA International Renewable Energy Agency
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ITO Indium tin oxide
JRC Joint Research Centre
JTI Joint technology initiative
K Kelvin
KC Key Component
KET Key enabling technologies
KPI Key performance indicator
KV Kilovolt
kWh Kilowatt hour
LCA Lifecycle analysis
LCE Low carbon energy
LCOE Levelized cost of electricity
LiC Lithium carbone
Li-ion Lithium ion
LiS Lithium sulfur
Low-e Low emissivity
m2 Square meter
Mg Magnesium
MS Member State
MW Megawatt
Na Sodium
NaS Sodium sulfur
NiCd Nickel cadmium
Ni-MeH Nickel metal hydride
NMBP Nanotechnology, materials, biotechnology, processes
NZEB Nearly zero energy buildings
OPEX Operating expenses
OPV Organic photovoltaics
Pb-acid Lead acid
PCM Phase change materials
PEM Proton-exchange membrane
PPP Public-private partnership
PV Photovoltaics
R&D Research and development
R&I Research and innovation
REACH Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals
RIA Research and innovation action
RTO Research and technology organizations
SET Strategic energy technologies
SETIS Strategic energy technologies information system
SME Small and medium-sized enterprise
SnO2 Tin oxide
SoC State of charge
SOEC Solid oxide electrolysis cell
SoH State of health
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T2M Time to market
T2P Time to profits
T2S Time to scale
TES Thermal energy storage
TRL Technology readiness level
Ug Thermal transmittance of glass
UV Ultraviolet
V Vanadium
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ANNEX II – DESCRIPTION OF THE EMIRI ASSOCIATION
The present IDI was prepared by the EMIRI Association (Energy Materials Industrial Research Initiative) in
collaboration with DG R&I and incorporating input of various other stakeholders. EMIRI is the leading industry-
driven association established late 2012 and representing the interests of more than 60 organizations (industry,
research, associations) active across Europe in the field of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies
(Figure 11 & Figure 12).
Our members represent at least 4 billion euro in sales of Advanced Materials for low carbon energy technologies,
they invest more than EUR 400 million annually in R&I for low carbon energy technologies and can mobilize several
thousands of researchers and engineers.
Figure 11. EMIRI's membership outlining knowledge, investment and market standing.
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Figure 12. Presence of EMIRI members across Europe with R&D / Innovation centers as well as manufacturing sites.
EMIRI contributes to the industrial leadership of EU-based developers, producers and key users of Advanced
Materials for low carbon energy technologies by shaping an appropriate European industry-friendly and innovation-
oriented Policy Framework based upon the SET-Plan (Figure 13).
Figure 13. Vision, Mission & Strategy of the EMIRI Association.
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EMIRI was created following the exercise of translation of the SET Plan into the SET Plan Materials Roadmap
organized by DG R&I in 2011 and to which many of EMIRI’s founding members took part. The differentiation of
EMIRI versus other existing associations, initiatives is the focus on Advanced Materials for low carbon energy
technologies (energy efficiency, wind, solar, energy storage, decarbonisation) & the orientation towards innovation
& manufacturing to serve the growing markets. EMIRI benefits from strong industrial presence and maintains
collaborations with complimentary actors such as European Technology Platforms (ETPs), EERA … (Figure 14).
Figure 14. Positioning of EMIRI in the Advanced Materials & Energy “landscape”.
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ANNEX III – BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE 19 INNOVATION TOPICS OF THE EMERIT IDI
Key Component 1 - Advanced Materials innovation to increase energy performance of buildings
K1-I1 Advanced Materials for high performance & durable coatings – Development of cost efficient, high performance transparent conductive
coatings on transparent supports (Research & Innovation Actions)
Innovation
Challenges
A real breakthrough on properties will only be possible if we change the approach to identify new materials and alloys and introduce faster
ways of validation limiting industrial risk. A limited number of materials easily transformed into sputtering targets or vacuum-free approaches
is also a very long, complex and expensive process. The challenges are implantation at industrial scale and scale up of materials with promising
properties. For instance on glass material, to reach Ag based stacks with a value of emissivity as low as 0,01 % (low-e) requires two or even
three Ag layers on top of each other embedded in a system of up to 20 different layers.
Activities
Proposals should allow:
• To be able to quickly validate the properties of new materials thanks to a fast screening of optical, energetical, chemical, tribological and
mechanical properties
• To produce at industrial scale new materials or alloys quickly and at lower cost
Expected
Outputs
• Enhanced product performances and faster time-to-market while guaranteeing higher resource efficiency
• Innovative and complex knowledge-intensive products characterised by new performances and functionalities
• Engineering solutions to improve the operating performance of component surfaces
• Today the market size of these coatings in Europe is estimated to be close to 200 million m² per year
Coatings to change the surface properties are applied on glass, steel, plastic, wood, ceramics. Industries seek more and more coatings to
improve corrosion, to reduce gas permeation, to allow printing, to increase the reflectance … Having synergies between sectors will enable
industries to produce innovative materials with an accelerated time-to-market.
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Key Component 1 - Advanced Materials innovation to increase energy performance of buildings
K1-I2 Advanced Materials & process technologies for switchable glazing (Innovation Actions)
Innovation
Challenges
Smart windows and switchable glazing are a key technology to control energy input of buildings and hence reduce energy for heating, cooling
and lighting. In most optimistic scenarios, improvements in the quality of the construction and deep renovation of building stock could allow
for a 20% overall savings in the building sector where envelope of the building will have the major part in reducing the consumption of energy
for heating.
Challenges of switchable glazing technology are an expanded bright – dark switching zone, higher transmission in the bright state with a
minimum of 55% and most preferably above 60% for commercial applications and 70% for residential applications, better coating performance
leading among others to shorter switching time, low dark state transmittance and lower switching voltage and reduced complexity of the setup
and the applicability of high throughput inline production technologies.
Activities
Activities should address the challenges outlined above. Developments could cover for instance high conductivity and transparency oxides
apart from indium tin oxide (ITO) (such as SnO2 or amorphous mixed oxide based,), all solid state devices including new compound material
solid-state electrolytes and high throughput deposition technologies (e.g. gas flow sputtering, wet deposition processes…) and development
of Advanced Materials for the coating.
Expected
Outputs
• Enhanced lowered light transmission bleached and darkened state (≥ 65% - ≤ 10%) for a UG of 1,1 W/m2K
• Low electric consumption for the system (< 0.5 W/m2)
• High durability (> 20 years)
• Low weight solution
• No transparency at all in coloured state
• Cost below 100 euro/m2 for the function
• Smart windows
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Key Component 1 - Advanced Materials innovation to increase energy performance of buildings
K1-I3 Advanced Materials & new deposition processes for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) – Novel PV technologies for façade
integration (Innovation Actions)
Innovation
Challenges
Cost-optimal, aesthetically pleasing BIPV solutions could increase the share of renewable energy combined with the multiple functions of the
building envelop.
Building integration of both Thin-film and Crystalline silicon technology including tandem-cell technology is considered to be very attractive.
Thin film has superior aesthetics and the possibility for window integration when transparent, while scalable silicon and tandem-cell modules
have a superior energy output.
Activities
Projects should develop stable continuous deposition processes of PV active layers, easily adaptable to the broad variation in size and form
factors of building elements, with a high yield under well-controlled parameters and with a high quality. Deposition process may be done at
low cost using processes such as, but not limited to, large area evaporation or continuous printing process, as opposed to batch processes
used in conventional PV. Projects on scalable tandem-cell technology should focus on stable deposition processes for higher energy output
and on colouring the modules by e.g. add-on layers. Activities should cover real-life demonstration of the new concepts developed, full
assessment of the energy-yield and cost structure of future BIPV building elements.
Expected
Outputs
Projects should aim at the development of PV technologies:
• Reaching a long lasting weathering resistance (UV, Humidity, etc.)
• With pleasant aesthetics for their integration in building envelopes, (homogeneous colour or transparency)
• At low costs and Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE)
• Compliant to Building codes and PV standards
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Key Component 1 - Advanced Materials innovation to increase energy performance of buildings
K1-I4 Advanced Materials & new deposition processes for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) – Efficient transparent barriers for organic
photovoltaics used in BIPV (Research & Innovation Actions)
Innovation
Challenges
Cost-optimal, aesthetically pleasing BIPV solutions could increase the share of renewable energy combined with the multiple functions of the
building envelop.
Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) can offer integration into existing building structures with negligible disturbance to the inhabitant or user of the
building. Some of the main characteristics of OPVs - flexibility, homogeneous transparency, lightweight, potential low cost - make them very
attractive to be embedded in building-integrated systems. A big challenge for OPV is to meet the PV and Building durability standards since
organic materials are very sensitive to UV and water.
Activities
Activities should allow the development of efficient transparent barriers for achieving durability in compliance with construction standards
and norms. Barriers need to include weathering protection layers, impact protection layer … and must be chemically and mechanically
compatible with the carrying substrate and/or the encapsulation materials used in combination with the given substrate.
Expected
Outputs
Projects should aim at the development of PV technologies:
• Reaching a long lasting weathering resistance (UV, Humidity …)
• With pleasant aesthetics for their integration in building envelopes, (homogeneous colour or transparency)
• At low costs and Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE)
• Compliant to Building codes and PV standards
• Large-area and cost-efficient production processes
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Key Component 1 - Advanced Materials innovation to increase energy performance of buildings
K1-I5 Advanced Materials for thermal energy storage (TES) - Next generation thermal energy storage technologies (Research & Innovation
Actions)
Innovation
Challenges
There is a need to develop new and improved thermal energy storage technologies with better performance, availability, durability, safety and
not least lower costs. These new and enhanced storage technologies must contribute to the cost-efficient integration of distributed and variable
renewable energy sources. About 50% of final European energy demand is obtained from heat. A more efficient use of heat therefore holds a
significant potential to reduce European energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The innovative challenges are to identify/develop advanced
TES materials for sensible, latent and thermochemical technologies with increased energy storage density.
Activities
Development focuses on new low cost and high energy density TES materials for buildings and industrial waste heat including:
sensible heat storage (new materials for use in high temperature storage with high thermal conductivity, materials for use in high temperature
underground storage, storage container materials, materials research to minimize heat losses),latent heat storage by the optimization and
development of new phase change materials and their integration in building element materials or industrial applications, and thermochemical
storage by the development of new materials with high energy density in specific temperature ranges. PCM properties need to be improved to
encourage their use (increasing the lifetime without physical properties degradation, increasing their liquid stability at high temperatures to
combine latent and sensible heat storage, avoiding super cooled phenomena that increase the unloading temperature level, limiting liquid
expansion during fusion).As to thermo-chemical TES materials the design of new high energy density reaction pairs for temperature-specific
applications has to be studied.
Expected
Outputs
By the development of a series of novel TES materials such as microencapsulated PCM's for 300 ºC<T<1,000 ºC ,novel PCM's with adjustable
phase change T and new heat exchangers with PCM included, achievement of:
• Reduced costs of thermal energy storage on materials and system level
• Reduction of the amount of energy wasted in industry
• Strongly improved lifetime of TES technology
• More flexible use of heat at lower costs in households , buildings and industry
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Key Component 1 - Advanced Materials innovation to increase energy performance of buildings
K1-I6 Advanced Materials for energy efficient highly glazed high rise façade systems
Innovation
Challenges
All developed façade solutions should holistically consider to be cost-optimal, aesthetically pleasing, increasing the share of renewable energy,
combining the multiple functions of the building envelope (daylight, comfort, safety) and compliant with relevant building codes and testing
standards
Activities
Activities should cover real-life demonstration of the new concepts developed, full assessment of the energy-yield and cost structure of future
façade systems. This includes potentially selection of materials candidates, testing according to façade requirements to proof performance,
identify if surface treatments are needed to enhance performance, include the entire process chain with respect to design, manufacturing,
test, repair and certification strategies.
Expected
Outputs
Projects should aim at the development of façade systems:
• Reaching a long lasting durability
• With pleasant aesthetics for their integration in building envelopes
• Cost optimal
• Compliant to Building codes and standards
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Key Component 2 - Advanced Materials to make renewable energy technologies competitive (Wind)
K2-I1 Advanced Materials for weight reduction of structural and functional components in wind energy power generation (Innovation
Actions)
Innovation
Challenges
The next generation of wind turbines (10-15 MW) requires a substantial weight reduction of 20% by 2020 in order to enable the necessary
large dimensions (length of rotor blades and height of towers) and to reduce the CAPEX and OPEX over the whole life cycle i.e. design,
fabrication, transportation, installation exercise management and decommissioning. In total, a levelized cost of energy reduction of 40% by
2020 will be achieved. A special attention is expected to be dedicated to offshore topics.
Activities
Proposals should address innovative materials solutions allowing weight and material saving designs of wind turbine components (blades,
gearboxes, generator, nacelle …). The materials need to be affordable and suitable for reliable operation in harsh conditions (offshore,
desert). Good manufacturability is an essential prerequisite. This may comprise materials like C-fibers and alternative fibers, hybrid
composites and sandwich structures, thermoplastic and thermoset composites, new kinds of steel or alternative metals e.g. aluminum,
titanium mitigating corrosion, highest performance permanent magnets (for lightweight generator design).
Expected
Outputs
• Supply independence over the European system
• Solution should provide 20% reduction of weight and LCOE
• Reduced life cycle environmental impact by implementing eco design power plants
• Inspection, maintenance, decommissioning strategy included
• Assembled light weight structures
• Mounting components on site
• Assembling on site of blades and tower
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Key Component 2 - Advanced Materials to make renewable energy technologies competitive (Wind)
K2-I2 Advanced Materials to improve corrosion & erosion resistance and reduce degradation of structural and functional components in wind
energy power generation (Research & Innovation Actions)
Innovation
Challenges
Reduced CAPEX and OPEX are key to achieve competitive levelized cost of energy (LCOE) in Wind power generation. Material solutions are
therefore needed that provide reduced maintenance effort, increased reliability and extended life time of components beyond today´s
capabilities especially in severe environments such as off-shore, deep sea, arctic, deserts. Manufacturability at affordable costs is an essential
further technology challenge.
Activities
Develop and employ materials and coatings with extremely high resistance to corrosion, erosion, bio fouling, fatigue and other degradation
effects based on a clear understanding of environmental and other impact mechanisms. All components of wind turbines and entire wind
parks (including interconnections and transformer platforms) can be addressed. Some examples for possible topics: (i) Base materials,
coatings and surface treatment (inhibitors, self-healing, self-cleaning, coatings, anti-ice formation, cathodic paint systems, lubrication …), (ii)
include the entire process chain with respect to robust and cost effective manufacturing and maintenance (design, process simulation,
manufacturing, test, repair strategies).
Expected
Outputs
Expected as project results are material and coating solutions (including possible new design opportunities provided by Advanced Materials)
that help reduce the life cycle cost and thus contribute to reduce substantially the LCOE of wind power. They are well prepared to be
implemented in the life cycle management and supply chain of European wind power industry.
75
Key Component 2 - Advanced Materials to make renewable energy technologies competitive (PV - CSP)
K2-I3 Advanced Materials for innovative multilayers for durable solar energy harvesting (Innovation Actions)
Innovation
Challenges
Advanced Materials and processes to bring the efficiency of solar (PV or CSP) systems to a next level beyond 2020 are needed to make solar
energy generation competitive. Innovative multilayers can reduce the LCOE by increasing the lifetime of solar energy harvesting systems
beyond that of the current solar technologies. This will require application of new multilayers throughout the solar system manufacturing
that enhance lifetime and lower operation and maintenance costs.
Activities
Address the development of innovative multilayer systems (mirrors, selective absorbers, diffusion barrier, anti-reflection, cell metallization
systems, encapsulant, semiconductor stacks, conductive back sheets ...) for solar energy conversion. A sustainable increase in system
durability should be clearly demonstrated including improved lifetime testing methods and protocols. The proposed Advanced Materials
should ensure resource availability. Improving the long-term performance of systems by extending the working conditions to more
demanding environments (higher temperature, ambient air operation for CSP) is also requested. The cost effectiveness, manufacturability
and the commercial potential of the innovative technologies compared to the solutions currently available on the market should be
quantified.
Expected
Outputs
• Significant increased system durability, >35 years at 80% performance for PV, >25 years for CSP
• Decreasing the LCOE of solar energy technologies by increasing reliability of the systems (LCOE of 0.06 – 0.10 €/kWh (PV)
and 0.10 – 0.15 €/kWh (CSP) in 2020)
• To place the solar energy in a significant position on roadmap of energy generation technologies
• Contribute to strength the European position in the solar energy conversion technologies
• Accelerated test protocols and standards for life-time prediction and durability validation adapted to new materials
• To reduce by 50% the maintenance costs with a durability scope for CSP of at least 25 years and for PV of at least 35 years
76
Key Component 2 - Advanced Materials to make renewable energy technologies competitive (PV - CSP)
K2-I4 Advanced Materials and innovative designs for high efficiency solar energy harvesting (Research & Innovation Actions)
Innovation
Challenges
Advanced Materials and processes to bring the efficiency of solar (PV or CSP) systems to a next level are needed to make solar energy
generation competitive. Application of new functional materials throughout the solar system manufacturing chain using advanced processes
reduces the LCOE by enhancing the performance. This allows the European materials supply sector to expand its industrial leadership
towards the next generation of solar energy harvesting.
Activities
Deliver novel very high efficiency solar technologies, while preserving lifetime and low materials consumption. Advanced Materials
(particles, thin films, nanostructure, HTFs, phase change materials, receptors) and their combinations into innovative device architectures
(tandem, multijunction) need to demonstrate their added value in terms of performance or unique application options. The high efficiency
concepts should be explored for manufacturability, yield, technical and economic viability and developed to readiness for pilot
manufacturing (TRL 4-7).
Expected
Outputs
• A deeper understanding of the material and interface characteristics and its long-term behavior
• The demonstration of device designs and fabrication processes for at least two high efficiency technologies: 21 – 24 % (module)
and > 25% (cell)
• The demonstration of pilot production readiness of at least two high efficiency technologies with a potential LCOE of
0.06 – 0.10 €/kWh (PV) and 0.10 – 0.15 €/kWh (CSP) in 2020
77
Key Component 2 - Advanced Materials to make renewable energy technologies competitive (PV - CSP)
K2-I5 Advanced Materials and associated processes for low cost manufacturing of solar energy harvesting systems (Research & Innovation
Actions)
Innovation
Challenges
Goal is to reduce production costs and the consumption of critical resources. This is done by developing Advanced Materials and associated
manufacturing processes of to reach scale level (TRL 5-7). Both materials and processes need to reduce cost and reduce constraints on the
demand of critical raw materials, but preserve performance.
Activities
Material-enabled manufacturing innovations ranging from feedstock (e.g. energy and efficient solar grade materials, kerfless wafering …) to
cell (e.g. thin films, non-vacuum processing), module (e.g. low cost and lightweight carriers) and with improved process yield (quality control
and process control methodologies) for PV and ranging from material (HTFs) to component (tubes, mirrors) and plant level (structural
components, light materials and composites) for CSP.
Expected
Outputs
• Significantly reduction in manufacturing cost of PV and CSP systems at preserved technology performance to allow
LCOE 0.06 – 0.10 €/kWh (PV) and 0.10 – 0.15 €/kWh (CSP) in 2020
• Reduced investment, CAPEX > 0.8 - 1 € /Wp and operational costs, OPEX < 0.3€/Wp in 2020
• Resource efficient and/or more sustainable materials and production processes
• Strengthened European industrial technology base on materials and associated equipment-manufacturing technology
78
Key Component 3 - Advanced Materials to enable energy system integration
K3-I1 Advanced Materials for lower cost, high safety, long cycle life & environmentally friendly electrochemical batteries (Li-ion batteries)
(Innovation Actions)
Innovation
Challenges
By the development of advanced functional particles, filaments, layers, coatings and new chemistries, innovation should be focused on the
optimization of Li Ion batteries for low cost, high safety, long cycle life, extreme use and environmentally friendly storage stationary applications
.Li Ion batteries are indeed planned to become major storage components dedicated to the storage of renewable energy in power and energy
steering applications. However, successful marketing requires first improvement in cyclability, reliability, usage (ease of metrology of SoC, SoH
…) and lifetime.
Activities
New chemistries of electrode materials and electrolyte as well as optimized packaging of the cell and module must be implemented to provide
improvement in the ESS application in line with durability. For stationary applications, the ageing behavior is also an issue that needs specifically
to be addressed. Representative ESS ageing protocols must be developed in relation to standards and modelling of the ageing phenomenon.
Moreover, Li-ion battery production must be developed in an environmentally friendly way: an NMP-free process is required in line with REACH
directives, large-scale new materials manufacturing processes need to be developed to reduce the battery cost. Safety will be addressed by the
choice of materials and/or configuration of the system. Hybridization of Li Ion batteries with super capacitors (improved by Advanced Materials)
(LiC type) is also considered. Synergies with higher energy density flywheels can be explored. Development and assessment of a representative
module size of min 5kWh is required: a 3 to 4 years research project is expected including fundamental research and relevant industrial R&D.
Expected
Outputs
New or improved cathode, anode, electrolyte, binder and packaging materials leading to improved stationary Li Ion batteries with well specified
KPI's for energy and power density, with extended lifetime and significantly improved cost (target <0.05€/kWh/cycle) and at the same time fully
safe.
79
Key Component 3 - Advanced Materials to enable energy system integration
K3-I2 Advanced Materials for lower cost, high safety, long cycle life & environmentally friendly electrochemical batteries (next generation
electrochemical batteries) (Research & Innovation Actions)
Innovation
Challenges
Innovation is related to new alternative storage solutions to the current battery storage systems (which are Li-Ion, sodium sulphur (Na-S), lead
acid, Ni based systems or Vanadium Flow batteries as reference base) and prove their positive impact in the implementation of renewable
energy. The wide range of new candidate systems with among others Metal-Air, Li-S, new Ion based systems (Na, Mg, or Al), Redox Flow
Batteries (V- free)..., need to be explored and by the right development of Advanced Materials and systems brought to TRL 6 level. The
deployment of the new energy storage system must be done in view to target low cycle cost, with a reliable efficiency, safety and lifetime.
Activities
Ageing behavior must be understood for the specific application of ESS with intermittent energy supply and demand. Modularity and
hybridization must be developed to contribute to a better component use for dynamic application and improved lifetime of the ESS.A full LCA
and economic cost study must been done in comparison to the current ESS solution. Development and assessment of a representative module
size of min 5 kWh is required. A 3-4 years research project is expected including fundamental research and relevant industrial R&D
Expected
Outputs
New or improved cathode, anode, electrolyte, binder and packaging materials leading to stationary new generation batteries with well specified
KPI's for energy and power density, with extended lifetime and significantly improved cost (target <0.05€/kWh/cycle) and at the same time fully
safe.
80
Key Component 3 - Advanced Materials to enable energy system integration
K3-I3 Advanced Materials for lower cost storage of energy in the form of hydrogen or other chemicals (power to gas, power to liquid
technologies) (Research & Innovation Actions)
Innovation
Challenges
The innovation of Power to Gas/Power to Fuels and Chemicals relates to technically improve electrolysers (especially innovative and affordable
electrolysers are needed to pave the road for any kind of long term storage), to develop ways to efficiently use the gas produced (injection in
the natural gas network, mobility, etc.), and to use renewable electricity for electrochemical synthesis of valuable chemical feedstock such as
ammonia, methanol, ethanol and formic acid. Cost-optimized Advanced Materials innovation focuses on high capacity durable PEM and SOEC
(Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell) electrolysers for the production of pressurized hydrogen.
Activities
Major key points are the reduction of catalysts loading of the electrodes (for PEM water electrolysis), improved Ni-based hydrogen electrodes
(for SOEC), improved electrolytes in terms of ionic conductivity, low cost cell frames, durable interconnect coatings and industrialized
automated manufacturing (for both technologies) .The identification of new low cost Advanced Materials for solid state storage of hydrogen
at low pressure is envisaged, those materials targeting at the same time improved storage density and cycling durability. To fulfill this trade off,
new chemistries and/or associated synthesis or manufacturing processes have to be investigated. Other research items are the development
of cost efficient tank materials for high-pressure storage of hydrogen, the development of new synthesis or manufacturing processes, the
development of optimized flow and low cost reactors, as well as new catalysts presenting longer lifetimes based on Advanced Materials and
chemistries.
Expected
Outputs
A series of novel Advanced Materials for electrolysers and hydrogen storage enabling to achieve a total hydrogen cost, including energy,
investment and operating cost, significantly below 5€/kg . Various valorization channels are to be explored with a specific view on Advanced
Materials to enable profitable business cases.
81
Key Component 3 - Advanced Materials to enable energy system integration
K3-I4 Advanced Materials to facilitate the integration of storage technologies in the grid (Innovation Actions)
Innovation
Challenges
Reliable access to cost-effective electricity is the backbone of the EU economy, and electrical energy storage is an integral element in this
system. Without significant investments in stationary electrical energy storage, the current electric grid infrastructure will increasingly struggle
to provide reliable, affordable electricity, jeopardizing the transformational changes envisioned for a modernized grid. By the development of
advanced functional particles, filaments, layers, coatings and new functionalities, develop the integration of storage devices in the electrical
grid.
Activities
Develop the integration of storage devices in the electrical grid including among others high capacity new material cables and super conductors,
high voltage cables and accessories to 1000 KV, materials for medium voltage and smart electrical accessories, new materials for extreme
conditions ,complex power inverter and sensor materials and surface treatment of existing materials to protect and improve performances.
Specific activities are: surface treatments to avoid environmental impact on the cable/power lines, ensuring reduced maintenance need and
providing reliable power transmission, materials enabling high precision sensing in extreme weather conditions to provide grid stability, high
efficient materials for overhead power lines with low weight, providing high conductivity to reduce energy loss during transmission.
Expected
Outputs
By the development of new Advanced Materials, obtain a significant enhancement of power supply reliability, managing volatility of the grid
and considering the connection of renewable energy sources to obtain increased grid efficiency.
82
Key Component 4 – Advanced Materials enabling decarbonisation of the power sector and the energy intensive industries
K4-I1 Advanced Materials for Improved Integration of CCS in Power and Energy Intensive Industries (Research & Innovation Actions)
Innovation
Challenges
Innovation challenge is to focus on developing & implementing improved materials for energy intensive and power processes to improve
process efficiency and to enable the economic application of CCS technologies. The reduction of CO2 emissions from power and energy intensive
processes requires the integration of the most efficient process integrated with an optimized method of capturing the CO2 emitted or to
redesign the combination of process & CCS for optimized operation of this system to make the combined scheme affordable. There are four
possible approaches to achieve this, through i) improving the inherent efficiency of the power or industrial process, ii) increasing the
concentration of the CO2 in the exhaust gas stream, and iii) by customizing or improving the capture efficiency of the selected capture process
and iv) holistic redesign of the process + CCS system.
Activities
Proposals should use innovative new and improved materials (e.g. alloys, refractories, ceramics, coatings), methods of materials improvement,
transfer of materials from other technologies for the increased efficiency, higher temperature operation and reliable performance under
aggressive operating conditions to reduce the energy and cost penalties for the integration of CO2 separation processes. The diversity of the
challenges for the materials is best illustrated through examples for the sectors involved:
• Increasing the efficiency of processes using fossil fuels and related products through the use of the high temperature materials and coatings
required for enhanced process (e.g. steam) conditions
• Increasing the resistance of materials towards short loeading conditions where fatigue and creep can play a synchroneous role for example
for the quick start-up of a power plant where renewable energy production is suddenly decreasing
• Increasing the concentration of CO2 in exhaust gases, e.g. through the implementation of oxy-combustion requires the use of Advanced
Materials and coatings for high efficiency heat exchanger operation and gas recycle environments to maintain plant efficiency and flexibility
• Gasification systems for power and other applications, e.g. production of chemicals or fuels – refractories and structural materials for
improved gasifier operation and for the use of gases in downstream processes, e.g. gas turbine using H-rich fuel gas or reduction in
metallurgy
• Advanced turbine-based cycles – Advanced Materials for turbo-machinery, compressor and heat exchange components operating with novel
process environments
Expected
Outputs
• Enhanced process efficiencies (20% for power systems and 10% for energy intensive industries compared to state of the art)
• Higher operational temperatures and pressures to enhance process efficiency, e.g. the implementation of Ni-based alloys for > 750°C steam
conditions in pulverized coal power plants
• Reduced times to market for new power technologies, materials and for the implementation of CCS
• Reduced capital and operating costs for the implementation of CCS
• Elements for carrying out an LCA of the total CCS system should be provided regarding the materials investigated
83
Key Component 4 – Advanced Materials enabling decarbonisation of the power sector and the energy intensive industries
K4-I2 Advanced Materials for enhanced CO2 separation processes (Innovation Actions)
Innovation
Challenges
Innovation challenge is to focus on developing materials for improved performance in separating CO2 from industrial process gases and with
improved durability/lifetime to reduce operating costs and assist process intensification. There is a wide range of materials that can be used
for the separation of CO2 from process gas streams, from liquid amine-based sorbents to solid sorbents, separation membranes and
combinations thereof. In addition, advanced processes based on oxy-combustion of fuels to produce an easily separable CO2 /H2O gas stream
use solid oxygen-providing particles in a looping cycle. As for the structural materials used to contain processes, these functional materials must
provide the levels of performance required while delivering the durability necessary for the overall process to be reliable, long-lived and
affordable.
Activities
Proposals should further develop innovative CO2 separation materials, such as membranes and sorbents (and catalysts involved in separation
processes), to improve CO2 yield/purity, to reduce operating costs, to provide the required level of durability (in varying modes of operation
and with varying levels of other contaminants in the process gas stream) and minimize environmental impact. Potential project topics include
advanced liquid amines, CO2 /H2 membranes, Ca-based sorbents, oxides for chemical looping processes, supported amines, activated carbons.
Proposals should also look at material solutions for operating under clean conditions in terms of trace gases and particulate matter, as required
by the separation process and the eventual purity required of the CO2 stream. Operation may be taking place at various temperature and
pressure levels. Proposals should include performance testing under realistic process conditions, evaluation of materials degradation (attrition,
strength, phase changes, etc.) and potential for other environmental impacts, consequential life cycle issues, recovery/recycling of
critical/scarce elements (e.g. in catalysts) and the development of reliable manufacturing processes.
Expected
Outputs
• Improved separation performance of 20% compared to conventional liquid amine and similar separation processes
• Improved durability of 50% compared to current state-of-the-art
• Reduced CO2 separation costs with 10% improvement over current state-of-the-art
• Improved CO2 quality for transport/storage or use in industrial processes or for high added-value products
• Elements for carrying out an LCA of the total CCS system should be provided regarding the materials investigated
84
Key Component 4 – Advanced Materials enabling decarbonisation of the power sector and the energy intensive industries
K4-I3 Advanced Materials for the Improved Reliability of CCS Plants in the Power and Energy Intensive Industries (Research & Innovation Actions)
Innovation
Challenges
To reduce the impact of the introduction of CCS in the power and energy intensive industries on the reliability of plant components and the
risks of unforeseen in-service failures, leading to high operating and maintenance costs and to maximize the life cycle of costly materials and
components. The predicted performance of new structural and functional materials in existing and new plant components can offer significant
performance improvements (on the basis of virgin materials properties). However, the added complexity of CCS plants and their significantly
different operating regimes will increase the risk that the performance in service of the materials will not deliver, leaving plant operators seeking
improved understanding of the materials behavior, alternative materials solutions and means of monitoring performance in service.
Activities
Proposals should seek to provide the developers of CCS plants with an improved understanding of the materials challenges in new-build and
retrofit applications across the range of expected operating regimes and materials solutions to overcome these challenges. This will require the
production of materials performance data and the characterization of failure/degradation modes using laboratory-scale testing, in-plant
testing, and simulated pilot-scale testing where the required process conditions do not exist in current plants. In addition, the development of
means to reliably monitor the performance of new materials in service, providing data and verified models to predict remnant component lives,
to inform maintenance strategies and to reduce the risk of unforeseen in-service failures would add value. Where components have reached
the end of their useful life, then repair/refurbishment options for high-value components should be developed. Other techniques to
monitor/optimize performance in service and to minimize materials-related operating and maintenance costs are also required. In such
proposals, the full materials life cycle should be considered and its environmental impact.
Examples of possible topics include:
• Power plants with integrated CO2 separation – materials selection, understanding of failure modes and monitoring to reduce capex and
provide required performance to match overall plant requirements
• Steel/non-ferrous metals plants – improved refractories, structural materials and joining technologies for optimized processes and
integrated CO2 capture options
Expected
Outputs
• Materials for CCS plants for performance and durability equivalent to those required to achieve current non-CCS plant maintenance cycles
• Improved refractories for steelmaking and other energy intensive processes with CCS giving component lives equivalent to current state-of-
the-art
• New methods of monitoring and modelling to predict the life of materials in service
• Reduced risk and operating costs for the implementation of CCS
• Elements for carrying out an LCA of the total CCS system should be provided regarding the materials investigated, if applicable
85
Key Component 4 – Advanced Materials enabling decarbonisation of the power sector and the energy intensive industries
K4-I4 Advanced Materials to enable the utilization of CO2 (Research & Innovation Actions)
Innovation
Challenges
CO2 has the potential to be a viable and sustainable C1 feedstock for the chemical and related industries, replacing fossil-based carbon
feedstocks. Abundant quantities of CO2 from CCS facilities prevent the need of extracting this feedstock directly from the atmosphere. The
economical exploitation of CO2 from CCS facilities and process waste gases faces two challenges. One is the inherent thermodynamic and
kinetic stability of CO2, the other is the required purity of the captured CO2. While high-energy chemical reagents such as epoxides allow a
thermodynamically favorable reaction with CO2, a more general utilization profile will require technologies able to overcome the
thermodynamic limitations of less energetic but still quite interesting reactants such as alcohols, amines and alkenes. For new and industrially
emerging CO2 transformations, the ability to use CO2 from diverse process and energy industries with a minimum of purification will also be an
important driver for the wider adaption of CO2 utilization technologies.
Activities
Proposals should focus on exploring new catalysts, storage and separation materials aimed at minimizing requirements for CO2 purity,
maximizing the range of CO2 waste streams and CCU processes and maintaining current product and selectivity profiles of industrially emerging
CO2 technologies (TRL4-5). The impact of the proposed material advancements on the overall CO2 balance (i.e. a net reduction in CO2 emissions)
and overall industrial benefit (economic or process-oriented) should be clarified.
Expected
Outputs
• Larger range of viable industrial processes utilizing CO2, in order to reduce the dependence and cost of large-scale storage
• Generalization and improved availability of CO2 from CCS processes and chemical and energy process waste gases
86
ANNEX IV – SELECTION OF KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF ADVANCED MATERIALS AND LOW CARBON ENERGY
TECHNOLOGIES
Advanced Materials innovation to
achieve EU goals on energy efficiency KPI 2020 2025 Beyond
K1-I1
Advanced Materials for
high performance &
durable coatings –
Development of cost
efficient, high performance
transparent conductive
coatings on transparent
supports
Resistivity (ohm / sq) 5 - 10 < 5 < 5
Transmittance (%) (400 - 1100
nm) 80 - 90 90 > 90
Cost TCO coated glass for PV
(euro / m2) 15 - 25 < 15 < 15
New deposition processes Initiated Developed Deployed
K1-I2
Advanced Materials &
process technologies for
switchable glazing
Enhanced lowered light
transmission bleached and
darkened state
TL ≥ 65% - ≤10% for an UG = 1,1 W / m² K
Electric consumption for the
system 0.5 W / m2 < 0.5 W / m² < 0.3 W / m2
Durability > 15 years > 20 years > 25 years
Higher transmission in the
bright state > 60% commercial, > 70% residential applications
Cost 100 euro / m2 < 100 euro / m² for
the function < 100 euro / m2
87
Advanced Materials innovation to
achieve EU goals on energy
efficiency
KPI 2020 2025 Beyond
K1-I3
Advanced Materials & new
deposition processes for
building-integrated
photovoltaics (BIPV) –
Novel PV technologies for
façade integration
Cost of bringing the PV
function to a building element
LCOE of 0.07 – 0.12
euro / kWh (PV)
LCOE of 0.05 – 0.08
euro / kWh (PV)
LCOE of < 0.05 euro /
kWh (PV)
Weathering resistance > 25 years 30 years > 30 years
K1-I4
Advanced Materials & new
deposition processes for
building-integrated
photovoltaics (BIPV) –
Efficient transparent
barriers for organic
photovoltaics used in BIPV
Weathering resistance > 20 years 25 years > 25years
Aesthetics Pleasant (homogeneous colour or transparency),
Costs and Levelized Cost of
Electricity (LCOE)
LCOE of 0.07 – 0.12
euro / kWh (PV)
LCOE of 0.05 – 0.08
euro / kWh (PV)
LCOE of < 0.05 euro /
kWh (PV)
Building codes and PV
standards Compliant Compliant Compliant
K1-I5
Advanced Materials for
thermal energy storage
(TES) - Next generation
thermal energy storage
technologies
Sensible heat storage
New materials for
high temperature
application with high
thermal conductivity
proposed
Developed in real
situation Implemented
Latent heat storage (micro
encapsulated PCM) 300 - 1000
°C
100 kWh / m3 150 kWh / m3 250 kWh / m3
100 kWh / t 150 kWh / t 200 kWh / t
50 euro / kWh 30 euro / kWh 10 euro / kWh
75% efficiency 95 % > 95 %
Thermochemical storage 250 kWh / m3 400 kWh/m3 500 kWh / m3
150 kWh / t 250 kWh/t 300 kWh / t
Improvement thermal
conductivity > 5 W / m K > 10 W / mK > 10 W / mK
88
Advanced Materials innovation to
achieve EU goals on energy
efficiency
KPI 2020 2025 Beyond
K1-I6
Advanced Materials for
Frame systems
Energy balance of the façade
element
Passive house
standard requirement
for façade element
Net zero façade
element
positive energy
façade element
Fire performance Meet A2 according to
EN13501-1
Meet A1 according to
EN13501-1
Meet A1 according to
EN13501-1 A1
Cost
At price / m² of high
insulated aluminum
façade system
≤ price / m² of high
insulated aluminum
façade system
< price / m² of high
insulated aluminum
façade system
Durability > 25 years > 40 years > 40 years
Advanced Materials for
Lighting systems
Efficacy Lumen / W 120 160 250
Cost and durability
Cost of lighting = 1 /
10 of equivalent
incandescent and = 1
/ 3 CFL (50.000 hours
usage)
Cost of lighting = 1 /
10 of equivalent
incandescent and = 1
/ 3 CFL (100.000 hours
usage)
Cost of lighting = 1 /
20 of equivalent
incandescent and = 1
/ 5 CFL (100.000 hours
usage)
Advanced Materials for air
tightness
Efficiency liter / (s m²) < 2.032 liter / (s m²) at
75 Pa
< 1.27 l / (s m²) at 75
Pa
< 0.762 l / (s m²) at 75
Pa
Installation quality control
Quality control of
installed air tightness
solution should be
within 20% of target
efficiency
Quality control of
installed air tightness
solution should be
within 10% of target
efficiency
Quality control of
installed air tightness
solution should be
within 5% of target
efficiency
Cost
At price / m² of
existing air tightness
solution at similar
installed performance
≤ price / m² of
existing air tightness
solution at similar
installed performance
< price / m² of
existing air tightness
solution at similar
installed performance
Durability > 25 years > 40 years > 40 years
89
Advanced Materials to make
renewable energy technologies
competitive (Wind)
KPI 2020 2025 Beyond
K2-I1
Advanced Materials for
weight reduction of
structural and functional
components in wind energy
power generation
Reduction of weight and cost
of energy
On Shore 10%, Off
Shore 30%
On Shore 15%, Off
Shore 40%
On Shore > 15%, Off
shore > 40%
Reduction of Environmental
Impact (LCA) Eco indicator,
carbon fingerprint
30% (lifecycle
assessment & eco-
design)
35% (lifecycle
assessment & eco-
design)
> 40% (lifecycle
assessment & eco-
design)
Cost blade (wind power plant)
< 7euro / kg
(0.02 - 0.04 euro /
kWh)
< 4 euro / kg (0.01 -
0.03 euro / kWh)
< 4 euro / kg (< 0.01
euro / kWh)
LCOE reduction compared to
state of the art 40% > 40% > 40%
K2-I2
Advanced Materials to
improve corrosion &
erosion resistance and
reduce degradation of
structural and functional
components in wind energy
power generation
Increase durability and
lifetime 30 % 40% > 40%
Reduction of maintenance
cost 30 % 40% > 40%
Reduction of environmental
impact
30% (lifecycle
assessment & eco-
design)
40% (lifecycle
assessment & eco-
design)
> 40% (lifecycle
assessment & eco-
design)
Contribute to lower LCOE wind
power
23% by life extension,
+ 1% on shore due to
maintenance, + 5% off
shore due to
maintenance
29% by life extension,
+ 2% on shore due to
maintenance, + 10%
off shore due to
maintenance
>29% by life
extension,+ > 2% on
shore due to
maintenance, + > 10%
off shore due to
maintenance
90
Advanced Materials to make
renewable energy technologies
competitive (PV - CSP)
KPI 2020 2025 Beyond
K2-I3
Advanced Materials for
innovative multilayers for
durable solar energy
harvesting
Increased PV & CSP system
durability
> 35 years at 80%
performance for PV, >
25 years for CSP
> 40 years at 80%
performance for PV, >
30 years for CSP
> 40 years at 80%
performance for PV, >
30 years for CSP
Decreasing LCOE of solar
energy technologies by
increasing reliability of the
systems
LCOE of 0.06 – 0.10
euro / kWh (PV) and
0.10 – 0.15 euro /
kWh (CSP) in 2020
LCOE of 0.05 – 0.08
euro / kWh (PV) and <
0.10 euro / kWh (CSP)
LCOE of < 0.05 euro /
kWh (PV) and < 0.05
euro / kWh (CSP)
Reduce the maintenance costs
with a durability scope for CSP
of > 25 years and for PV of >
35 years
40% 50% > 50%
K2-I4
Advanced Materials and
innovative designs for high
efficiency solar energy
harvesting
The demonstration of device
designs and fabrication
processes
For at least two high
efficiency
technologies : 18 %
(module), > 22% (cell)
For at least two high
efficiency
technologies : 21 %
(module), > 25% (cell)
For at least two high
efficiency
technologies : 24 %
(module), > 27% (cell)
The demonstration of pilot
production readiness
Of at least two
emerging and / or
novel high efficiency
technologies with a
potential LCOE of 0.06
– 0.10 euro / kWh
(PV) and 0.10 – 0.15
euro /kWh (CSP) in
2020
Of at least two
emerging and / or
novel high efficiency
technologies with a
potential LCOE of 0.05
- 0.08 euro / kWh (PV)
and < 0.10 euro /
kWh (CSP) in 2020
Of at least two
emerging and / or
novel high efficiency
technologies with a
potential LCOE of <
0.05 euro / kWh (PV)
and < 0.05 euro / kWh
(CSP) in 2020
K2-I5
Advanced Materials and
associated processes for
low cost manufacturing of
solar energy harvesting
systems
Reduction in manufacturing
cost of PV and CSP systems at
preserved technology
performance to decrease
LCOE
LCOE 0.06 – 0.10 euro
/ kWh (PV) and 0.10 –
0.15 euro / kWh (CSP)
LCOE of 0.05 – 0.08
euro / kWh (PV) and <
0.10 euro / kWh (CSP)
LCOE of < 0.05 euro /
kWh (PV) and < 0.05
euro / kWh (CSP)
91
Reduce CAPEX and OPEX
CAPEX < 0.8 - 1 euro /
Wp (PV) and 3,5 euro/
Wp (CSP)
CAPEX < 0.8 - 0.9 euro
/ Wp (PV) and 3 euro
/ Wp (CSP)
CAPEX < 0.7 - 0.8 euro
/ Wp (PV) and 2,8
euros / Wp (CSP)
Reduce OPEX
OPEX < 0.3 euro / Wp
(PV) and < 0,018 euro
/ Wp (CSP)
OPEX < 0.27 euro /
Wp and 0,016 euro /
Wp (CSP)
OPEX < 0.25 euro /
Wp and 0,15 euro /
Wp (CSP)
92
Advanced Materials to enable
energy system integration KPI 2020 2025 Beyond
K3-I1
Advanced Materials for
lower cost, high safety,
long cycle life &
environmentally friendly
electrochemical batteries
(Li-ion batteries)
Gravimetric energy
density 200 Wh / kg 350 Wh / kg 400 Wh / kg
Volumetric energy
density 600 Wh / l 800 Wh / l > 800 Wh / l
Power density 2 - 3 kW / kg 5 kW / kg > 10 kW / kg
Lifetime (number of
cycles) 3000 cycles 80% DOD 10.000 cycles 80% DOD
15.000 cycles 80% DOD,
> 20 yrs
Safety
Safe -10ºC, +60 °C
(normalized tests)
Safe -20ºC, +70 °C
(normalized tests)
Safe < - 20ºC, > +70 °C
(normalized tests)
Safety system
implemented
Tests Stallion/Stabalid
fully met
Tests Stallion/Stabalid
fully met
Cost < 0.1 euro / kWh / cycle < 0.05 euro / kWh /
cycle
< 0.05 euro / kWh /
cycle
LCA & recycling Developed Fully established Fully established
Demo installed MW scale
(de)centralized
MW scale
(de)centralized
MW scale
(de)centralized
P/E ratio (for energy
based system) < 3 <3 <3
P/E ratio (for power based
system) > 15 > 15 > 15
Advanced Materials for LiC supercapacitors
Gravimetric energy
density 35 Wh / kg 40 Wh / kg 50 Wh / kg
Power density 10 kW / kg 15 kW / kg 20 kW / kg
Cycle life 1M cycles 1.5M cycles 2M cycles
Temperature window - 20 °C, + 70 °C - 40 °C, + 90 °C - 40 °C, + 90 °C
93
Advanced Materials to enable energy
system integration KPI 2020 2025 Beyond
K3-I2
Advanced Materials for
lower cost, high safety,
long cycle life &
environmentally friendly
electrochemical batteries
(next generation
electrochemical batteries)
KPIs given for metal air
system
Gravimetric energy density 250 Wh/kg, Flow
Batteries 60Wh/l
500 Wh/kg, Flow
Batteries, 80Wh/l
> 500 Wh/kg, Flow
Batteries, 100Wh/l
Volumetric energy density 250 Wh/l, Flow
Batteries 60Wh/l
500 Wh/l. Flow
Batteries, 80Wh/l
500-1000 Wh/l, Flow
Batteries, 100Wh/l
Lifetime (nr cycles)
1000 cycles 80% DOD,
Flow Batteries 2000
cycles
2000 cycles 80% DOD,
Flow Batteries 2500
cycles
>10.000 cycles 80%
DOD, Flow Batteries
3000 cycles
Safety conform with material
and cell safety tests
conform with material
and cell safety tests
conform with material
and cell safety tests
Cost
< 0.1 euro/kWh/cycle,
Flow batteries
0,12euro/kWh/cycle
< 0.1 euro/kWh/cycle
also for Flow batteries
< 0.05
euro/kWh/cycle, Flow
batteries
<0,08euro/kW/cycle
LCA & recycling developed fully established fully established
Demo installed kW-MW scale
(de)centralized
kW-MW scale
(de)centralized
MW scale
(de)centralized
K3-I3
Advanced Materials for
lower cost storage of
energy in the form of
hydrogen or other
chemicals (power to gas,
power to liquid
technologies)
PEM electrolyser cost 1000 euro/kW 500 euro/kW <300 euro/kW
Precious metal loading 1 mg/cm2 0.5 mg/cm2 <0.5 mg/cm2
Lifetime 40.000 hrs 60.000 hrs >60.000 hrs
H2 storage materials 6 wt% H2 (2 kWh/kg) 8 wt% H2 (2.5
kWh/kg) 10 % H2 (3 kWh/kg)
Hydrogen cost 4 euro/kg <4 euro/kg <3 euro/kg
At electricity price 30 euro/MWh 20 euro/MWh 0-20 euro/MWh
Efficiency 70% 75% 80%
K3-I4
Advanced Materials to
facilitate the integration of
storage technologies in the
grid
Overhead HVAC power lines < 8% ohmic loss < 8% ohmic loss < 6% ohmic loss
HVDC lines < 5% ohmic loss < 3% ohmic loss < 3% ohmic loss
Superconductors resistivity < 4x10-25 ohm-m < 4x10-25 ohm-m < 4x10-25 ohm-m
94
Advanced Materials to enable the
decarbonisation of the power sector KPI 2020 2025 Beyond
K4-I1
Advanced Materials for
Improved Integration of
CCS in Power and Energy
Intensive Industries
Enhanced process efficiencies
20% for power
systems,10% for
energy intensive
industries compared
with state of the art
25%, respectively 15% > 25%, > 15%
Higher operational
temperatures and pressures to
enhance process efficiency
e.g. the implementation of Ni-based alloys for > 750°C steam conditions
in pulverized coal power plants
Average capture rate 90% 95% 95%
Reduced capital and operating
costs for the implementation
of CCS
> 50% operational cost or > 25% capital cost reduction based on present
status for applications to various processes
Elements for carrying out an
LCA of the total CCS system Provided regarding the materials investigated
K4-I2
Advanced Materials for
enhanced CO2 separation
processes
Improved performance leading
to reduced CO2 separation
costs
< 40 euro / t CO2 < 30 euro / t CO2 < 20 euro / t CO2
Improved separation
performance
20% compared to
conventional liquid
amine and similar
separation processes
30% > 30%
Improved durability
50% compared to
current state-of-the-
art
60% > 60%
95
Reduced CO2 separation costs
10% improvement
over current state-of-
the-art
20% > 30%
Improved CO2 quality for
various end-uses and
applications
20% > 20% > 30%
Elements for carrying out an
LCA of the total CCS system Provided regarding the materials investigated
K4-I3
Advanced Materials for the
Improved Reliability of CCS
Plants in the Power and
Energy Intensive Industries
Enhanced performance and
durability of processes < 5% efficiency loss
Materials for CCS plants For performance and durability equivalent to those required to achieve
current non-CCS plant maintenance cycles
Reduced risk and operating
costs for the implementation
of CCS
New methods of monitoring and predicting the life of materials in service
Elements for carrying out an
LCA of the total CCS system Provided regarding the materials investigated
K4-I4
Advanced Materials to
enable the utilization of
CO2
Range of viable industrial
processes utilizing CO2 Larger than current state of art
Availability of CO2 from CCS
processes and chemical and
energy process waste gases
Generalized and improved
96
ANNEX V – REFERENCES
1. COM(2015)080 – A Framework Strategy for a Resilient Energy Union with a Forward-Looking Climate Change
Policy
2. International Energy Agency (IEA) - Energy Technology Perspectives 2015 - Mobilising Innovation to
Accelerate Climate Action
http://www.iea.org/etp/etp2015/
3. Overview document & Annex I of "Towards an Integrated Roadmap: Research Innovation Challenges and
Needs of the EU Energy System"
https://setis.ec.europa.eu/set-plan-process/integrated-roadmap-and-action-plan
4. SETIS Magazine – Materials for Energy – February 2015
https://setis.ec.europa.eu/publications/setis-magazine/materials-energy
5. COM(2015)6317 – Towards an Integrated Strategic Energy Technology (SET) Plan: Accelerating the European
Energy System Transformation
6. www.emiri.eu
7. EMIRI Internal Study based on public data from European trade associations representing plastics, glass, steel,
non-ferrous metals
8. EMIRI Internal Study based on financial reports (profit and loss statements, balance sheets, cash flow
statements) of leading European producers of Advanced Materials (plastics, glass, steel, non-ferrous metals)
9. International Renewable Energy Agency - Renewable Energy and Jobs – Annual Review 2015
http://www.irena.org/menu/index.aspx?mnu=Subcat&PriMenuID=36&CatID=141&SubcatID=585
10. European Commission DG GROW/F3 - High-Level Expert Group on Key Enabling Technologies – Final Report
June 2015 – KETs: Time to Act
11. McKinsey Quarterly – August 2012 - The path to improved returns in materials commercialization
12. SEC(2011) 1609 – Commission Staff Working Paper - Materials Roadmap Enabling Low Carbon Energy
Technologies
https://setis.ec.europa.eu/setis-output/materials-roadmap
13. COM(2014)15 - A policy framework for climate and energy in the period from 2020 to 2030
14. COM(2014)330 - European Energy Security Strategy
15. The Advanced Materials Revolution - S. M. Moskowitz - John Wiley & Sons Inc. (2009)
16. Roland Berger Strategy Consultants (2012) - Technology & Market Drivers for Stationary and Automotive
Battery Systems - http://www.rechargebatteries.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Batteries-2012-Roland-
Berger-Report1.pdf
17. Technology and market perspective for future Value Added Materials - Final Report from Oxford Research AS
https://ec.europa.eu/research/industrial_technologies/pdf/technology-market-perspective_en.pdf
18. COM(2009)512 - Preparing for our future: Developing a common strategy for key enabling technologies in the
EU
19. Value Added Materials – Portfolio Analysis - Unit Materials DG R&I – February 2013
https://ec.europa.eu/research/industrial_technologies/pdf/portfolio-analisis-022013_en.pdf
20. www.eera-set.eu
21. www.eua.be
22. https://setis.ec.europa.eu/system/files/The_new_SET-Plan_Governance.pdf
23. http://www.kic-innoenergy.com/
24. https://ec.europa.eu/research/infrastructures/index_en.cfm?pg=esfri
25. http://ec.europa.eu/research/press/2013/pdf/ppp/eeb_factsheet.pdf
26. http://www.fch.europa.eu/
97
27. http://www.ectp.org/
28. https://setis.ec.europa.eu/system/files/IR_Annex%20I_Part%20I_Energy%20Efficiency.pdf
29. https://setis.ec.europa.eu/system/files/IR_Annex%20I_Part%20II_Competitive,%20Efficient,%20Secure,%20S
ustainable&Flexible%20Energy%20System.pdf
30. https://setis.ec.europa.eu/publications/jrc-setis-reports
31. Horizon 2020: Key Enabling Technologies (KETs), Booster for European Leadership in the Manufacturing
Sector – Study for the ITRE Committee (2014)
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2014/536282/IPOL_STU(2014)536282_EN.pdf
32. Capacities Map 2011 – Joint Research Centre
https://setis.ec.europa.eu/system/files/CapacitiesMap2011.pdf