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Emerging ChallengesEmerging Challenges
Integrating the most vulnerable
Violence & conflicts Terrorism & weapons of mass
destruction
Dealing with
migrants & refugees
Improving economic security
Health education
Environmental & agricultural
issues
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
HUMAN SECURITY – 7 dimentionsHUMAN SECURITY – 7 dimentions
economic food healtheconomic food health
environmental personal environmental personal
community politicalcommunity political
Main human security threats and risksMain human security threats and risksMain human security risks, currently attracting human attention, & financial resources
Climate change ranks as the 4th human security risk worldwide
UNESCO Human Security Questionnaire (HSQ)
UNESCO’s values on ethical foundations of UNESCO’s values on ethical foundations of human securityhuman security
Provide solid ethical foundationProvide solid ethical foundation
Support it by long-term policiesSupport it by long-term policies
Face the challenges of human securityFace the challenges of human security
generosity
Sanctity of life
equity
justice
accountability
transparency
dialogue
openness
tolerance
solidarity
Human security values
UNESCO’s commitment to human securityUNESCO’s commitment to human security
1.1. In 2002 human security became one of the In 2002 human security became one of the Organization’s twelve strategic objectives as reflected Organization’s twelve strategic objectives as reflected in its Medium-Term Strategy for 2002-2007 in its Medium-Term Strategy for 2002-2007
2.2. UNESCO is launching a new series of publications: UNESCO is launching a new series of publications: Promoting Human Security: Ethical, Normative and Promoting Human Security: Ethical, Normative and Educational FrameworksEducational Frameworks
(a) the need to have a (a) the need to have a solid ethical foundationsolid ethical foundation
(b) buttressing that ethical dimension by (b) buttressing that ethical dimension by placing existing and placing existing and new normative instruments at the service of human securitynew normative instruments at the service of human security
The UN humanitarian machineryThe UN humanitarian machinery
Emergency Relief CoordinatorEmergency Relief Coordinator Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC)Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP)Consolidated Appeals Process (CAP) Humanitarian Response ReviewHumanitarian Response Review
How UNESCO is involvedHow UNESCO is involved
Reconstruction of educational systemsReconstruction of educational systems Promotion of cultural diversity including Promotion of cultural diversity including
protection of cultural/natural heritage at riskprotection of cultural/natural heritage at risk Reconstruction and promotion of independent Reconstruction and promotion of independent
and pluralistic mediaand pluralistic media Rebuilding scientific cooperation for Rebuilding scientific cooperation for
improving capacity in disaster reduction improving capacity in disaster reduction response and the restoration of biological response and the restoration of biological diversitydiversity
UUnitednited
NNationsations
EEducational education for allducational education for all
SScientificcientific natural, social, human sciencesnatural, social, human sciences
CCulturalultural culture, communication,informationculture, communication,information
OOrganizationrganization
UNESCO’s commitment to human security
UNESCO’s Medium-Term Strategy (31/C4)UNESCO’s Medium-Term Strategy (31/C4)
Strategic objective 4Strategic objective 4 – – Promoting principles and ethical norms to guide Promoting principles and ethical norms to guide scientific and technological development and social transformationscientific and technological development and social transformation
Sub-objectives:Sub-objectives: standard setting, policy formulation and awareness-raising standard setting, policy formulation and awareness-raising regarding ethical issuesregarding ethical issues
a)a) UNESCO will serve as a interdisciplinary, multicultural and pluralistic UNESCO will serve as a interdisciplinary, multicultural and pluralistic forum for issues pertaining to ethics of science and technologyforum for issues pertaining to ethics of science and technology
b)b) UNESCO will support and advise Member States in elaborating UNESCO will support and advise Member States in elaborating appropriate guidelines, policies and normative instruments on ethical appropriate guidelines, policies and normative instruments on ethical issues issues
UNESCO’s functionsUNESCO’s functions
UNSECO operates on global, regional, sub-UNSECO operates on global, regional, sub-regional and country levels as a:regional and country levels as a:
Laboratory of ideasLaboratory of ideas Standard-setterStandard-setter Clearing houseClearing house Capacity builderCapacity builder Catalyst for international cooperationCatalyst for international cooperation
How does UNESCO intervene How does UNESCO intervene With With technical expertisetechnical expertise within its spheres of competence within its spheres of competence As a As a facilitatorfacilitator in leading complex and multi-stakeholder in leading complex and multi-stakeholder
initiatives towards reconstruction and reconciliationinitiatives towards reconstruction and reconciliation As an As an adviseradviser on the development of evidence-based on the development of evidence-based
educational, cultural, scientific and media policies from educational, cultural, scientific and media policies from emergency contexts towards reconstruction and developmentemergency contexts towards reconstruction and development
By By linkage linkage with civil society in particular professional with civil society in particular professional networks and communities, such as teachers, students, media networks and communities, such as teachers, students, media and cultural professionalsand cultural professionals
As a As a promoter promoter of norms and standardsof norms and standards
Ethics of science and technology at UNESCOEthics of science and technology at UNESCO
WHY UNESCOWHY UNESCO
The science & technology we have today can and should protect the lives The science & technology we have today can and should protect the lives and property of peopleand property of people
- UNESCO is the primary UN Agency with a specialized mandate in the UNESCO is the primary UN Agency with a specialized mandate in the human and social scienceshuman and social sciences
- It is strategically and appropriately positioned to promote global ethics It is strategically and appropriately positioned to promote global ethics frameworkframework
Ethics of science and technology at UNESCOEthics of science and technology at UNESCO
Global Ethics Observatory
Environmental Ethics
Bio Ethics
Ethics of Science & Technology Programme
Climate change is unequivocal and Climate change is unequivocal and globalglobal
Frequency of heavy precipitation
events increasing
Tropical cyclone intensity increasing
Extreme temperatures
increasing
More intense and longer droughts Area of
seasonally frozen ground decreasing
Glaciers and snow over decreasing
Sea level rise
Ocean heat content
increasing
Tropospheric temperatures
increasing
Surface temperatures
increasing
UNEQUIVOCAL
IPCC
Average number of people reported killed, per million inhabitants by continent and Average number of people reported killed, per million inhabitants by continent and disaster origindisaster origin
1991 - 20051991 - 2005
Source: ISDRSource: ISDR
Number of people reported killed by type of disaster and level of development
1991 - 2005
Source: ISDR
It is the poorest people who are the most affected
DISASTERS
SUDDEN TECHNOLOGICALSLOW ENVIRONMENTAL
NATURAL DISASTERS HUMAN DISASTERS
- Earthquakes - Tsunami
- Volcanic Eruptions - Floods- Landslides - Storms, Hurricanes - Cyclones
- Climate Changes (greenhouse effect)
- Deforestation - Uncontrolled town planning, megapoles - Drying Lakes
- Chemistry (Bhopal, India)
- Nuclear (Chernobyl, Ukraine)
- Oil spill (Exxon Valdez/Alaska)
- Climate Changes - Desertification- Drought
INTERACTIONS COMPLEX DISASTERS
Education and training
Social awareness
development recovery
emergency
search, rescue
Paradigm ShiftParadigm Shift
FromFrom
post-disaster reactionpost-disaster reaction
To To
pre-disaster actionpre-disaster action
BREAKING THE LINK
Hazards are inevitable
Disasters are not inevitable
• Risk assessment
• Prevention
• Preparedness
• Emergency response
Natural Disaster Reduction, UNESCO’s contribution – B. Rouhban
HAZARD x VULNERABILITY = RISK
H x V = R
Objective: To reduce disaster risk, worldwide, focussing on nations and communities
The instrument: Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015
The vehicle: ISDR system - ‘movement ’
INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR DISASTER REDUCTION
(ISDR)
The United Nations system engaged in The United Nations system engaged in
disaster reductiondisaster reduction
World Meteorological Organization
WORLD BANK
Long-term GoalsLong-term Goals Observation and early warning networks of natural hazards Observation and early warning networks of natural hazards
Hazard risk mappingHazard risk mapping
Disaster-resistant building codesDisaster-resistant building codes
Education for disaster reductionEducation for disaster reduction
Help make schools saferHelp make schools safer
Promotion of public awareness through communicationPromotion of public awareness through communication
Protection of cultural monuments and sitesProtection of cultural monuments and sites
UNESCO Science and UNESCO Science and Technology programmes in Technology programmes in
Disaster ReductionDisaster Reduction Natural hazards programme Natural hazards programme
International Geoscience Programme (IGCP)International Geoscience Programme (IGCP)
lnternational Hydrological Programme (IHP)lnternational Hydrological Programme (IHP)
Man and Biosphere (MAB) ProgrammeMan and Biosphere (MAB) Programme
Programmes of UNESCO’s lntergovernmental Programmes of UNESCO’s lntergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC)Oceanographic Commission (IOC)
Engineering programmesEngineering programmes
UNESCOUNESCO’s response to ’s response to
natural disasternatural disaster
TTo protect o protect educational buildingseducational buildingsand cultural heritageand cultural heritage
Landslides, Machu Pichu, PeruInternational Programme on Landslides supported by UNESCO
UNESCOUNESCO’s response to ’s response to natural disasternatural disaster
To strengthen environmental protection for the To strengthen environmental protection for the prevention of natural disastersprevention of natural disasters
Planting a tree, St Vincent in the Grenadines, 2003
UNESCO CSI project
UNESCOUNESCO’s ’s response toresponse to natural disasternatural disaster
To enhance preparedness and public awareness To enhance preparedness and public awareness through education and trainingthrough education and training
UNESCOUNESCO’s response to ’s response to natural disasternatural disaster
And, when catastrophes do strike, to foster post-And, when catastrophes do strike, to foster post-disaster investigation, recovery and rehabilitationdisaster investigation, recovery and rehabilitation
UNESCO post earthquake mission, Bam, Iran 2003