Emergency Warning Broadcasting Systems EWBS-and-ABU- Activities-bf... · Emergency Warning...
Transcript of Emergency Warning Broadcasting Systems EWBS-and-ABU- Activities-bf... · Emergency Warning...
Emergency Warning
Broadcasting Systems
Sharad SadhuDirector Technical Department
ABU
ITU-AIBD-ABU Regional Workshop
Strengthening Digital Broadcasting Experience
22-23 May, Hanoi
BEFORE
Teaching people to survive – capacity building through radio, TV programming
Storing RiBs, radios at strategic locations
AT THAT TIME
Early warning of natural disasters
POST DISASTER
Setting up mass communications soon after disaster
Helping connect nodal authorities with affected populations
Broadcasters Help in Saving Human Lives
ABU Digital Broadcasting Symposium 2011, Kuala Lumpur
What is EWBS ?
Remote activation of Radio and TV receivers ready for EWBS AM, FM Radio and TV : Control signal and Alert Sound Digital TV Broadcasting “ISDB-T” :
EWBS Control (Activation Flag) In Japan, EWBS has been operated since September 1985.
EWBS on ISDB-T has been operated since December 2003. EWBS test signals are monthly broadcast in Japan.
Broadcasting Station Transmitter Broadcasting Service Area
Automatic Activation
Meteorological Agency
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ABU Digital Broadcasting Symposium 2011, Kuala Lumpur
Japan Meteorological
Agency
Residentsin coastal areas
at risk
TV
broadcasting
Police, Fire offices
Local Governmen
ts
etc.
Radio Stations
Dedicated telephone
line
Central Government
Loud
Speakers
Sirens
TV Screen
Dissemination of Tsunami Warning
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Emergency Warning Broadcasting System Outline
Elements of Disaster Relief Broadcasting (Role of broadcaster a part) Disaster detection and prediction
( : e.g. By seismometers set up by broadcaster)
Warning for evacuation in advance of disaster Notification of correct information to the public
Providing of well-being information (e.g. By using data broadcasting)
The Emergency Warning Broadcasting System (EWBS) uses broadcasting facilities to alert people and enable them to prepare
for emergencies.
Issue of EWBS control signal (Switch-on of receivers)
Tsunami Warning
Estimated
tsunami heights
and arrival times
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Emergency Warning Broadcasting System (EWBS) in JAPAN
What is EWBS ?
It protects person’s Life and Properties 4
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Media: EWBS over analog broadcasting
The signals can be sent from existing radio and TV facilities, without any special
modifications. The easiest option is to use CD players.
SwitchTrans-
mitterProgram
signal
Control
signal
generator
Program
signal
reception
Control
signal
reception
Control
Broadcasting station Receiver with
warning function
Radio
TV
Alarming sound,
followed by
announcement
It is important to offer EBWS reception at a
low price.
HF, AM, FM, TV
Implementation of digital handheld EWBS receiver with mobile phone is future work
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Broadcasting
Station
Example of Delivery of Warning using EWBS
Delivery of the warning through loud speakers (Image)
Loud speakers
Solar panel Battery
EWBS Receiver
Effectively warn to people without
receivers in the field
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Mechanism of EWBS for transmitting • EWBS signal sent by on air signal - start signal ; switches on receivers - end signal ; turns off receivers • Analog system for Radio &TV ; 640Hz & 1024Hz frequency • Digital system TV ; digital data as flag on ISDB-T
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Analog EWBS Control signal
• A start sign and end sign are transmitted by an FSK 640Hz/1024Hz signal combined with
a warning sound
Emergency warning broadcasting program
Usual Program
Usual Program
Start sign End sign
time Hyperlink : DEM Radio Start/End (01m06s)
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Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
NHK Broadcasting Stations
Transmitting tower
EWBS Signal
generator
EWBS controller
Switch
News Center
TV or radio program
Tsunami Warning
Facilities of EWBS in Studio
Tsunami Warning
Simple CD is enough
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EWBS control signal (Switch-on of receivers)
EWBS signals embedded in analogue TV and radio broadcasts will
automatically switch on or change channel to the one providing warning and information in TV and radio sets in the home and
handheld receivers,
and
issue an emergency bulletin, alerting people to an impeding disaster, e.g. a tsunami, earthquake, cyclone, flood, or volcanic
eruption.
Transmitter Broadcasting Service Area
Automatic
Activation
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206 points all over Japan
Earthquake
Flow of Emergency Information dissemination
Issue of EWBS
control signal
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TWO EWBS signals on ISDB-T system
Data
Audio
Video
Service
Mul
tiple
xer
MPEG-2
TS-r
emul
tiple
IFFT
OFDMSignal
1. Addition of Emergency Information Descriptor
Channel coding
Coding
Coding
Coding
Hierarchical parallel processing
・Error correction
・Mapping・Interleaving
OFDM FrameTMCC add.
TMCC :Transmission and Multiplexing Configuration Control
2. Addition of Activation signal for EWB
Source coding
ISDB-T Transmitter block diagram
(Service Information)
(Control Signal)
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Position of the TMCC carriers in the One-seg band
SEG
#0
SEG
#1
SEG
#3
SEG
#5
SEG
#7
SEG
#9
SEG
#1
1
SEG
#1
2
SEG
#1
0
SEG
#8
SEG
#6
SEG
#4
SEG
#2
frequency
HDTV Services (BW:5.6 MHz)
frequency
#1
01
#1
31
#2
86
#3
49
One-seg Services(BW:429 kHz)
TM
CC
(DB
PS
K)
TM
CC
(DB
PS
K)
TM
CC
(DB
PS
K)
TM
CC
(DB
PS
K)
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One-Seg service and EWBS
One-Seg service commenced on 1st April, 2006・One-Seg service is capable of transmitting EWBS
・Most of people carry cellular phones in Japan
Broadcast studio
Transmitter station
Automatic activation
In the field
People can get disaster information quickly anywhereif cellular phones equip with One-Seg receivers capable to receive EWB
Town
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Concurrent mobile receiver activation using EWBS
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Data broadcasting
Data broadcasting is an additional service.By clicking on d-button of a remote control unit,
you can access your requested information such as local weather forecast, 24H news and information linked to on-air program.
Weather forecast 24H news Information linked to on-air program
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For preventing from disasters, some local broadcasting stations of NHK launched emergency information service by applying data gathering systems and/or online sensors operated by local governments and public sectors.
Water Guages on Major Rivers in Case of Heavy Rain
Informing Communities’ Nearest Shelters and Utilities / ‘Lifeline’ status
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Time Line of Tsunami Forecast
Earthquake and Seismic Intensity Information(hypocenter, M and seismic intensity distribution)
Tsunami Information(tsunami observations)
Tsunami Information (estimated heights
and arrival times of initial
wave)
Tsunami Information (estimated arrival times of
initial wave and high tide
times)
Tsunami Forecast(warning and advisory)
Seismic IntensityInformation(areas in which intensity 3 or
above observed )
Earthquake Information(hypocenter, M and “No tsunami is generated” )
*This information is issued in case of the earthquake
does not generate a tsunami.
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Classification
Broadcasting
zone
Broadcasting media (NHK’s
example)
1
Warning of
large-scale earthquake Nationwide
All 8 NHK channels
(TV & radio)
2 Tsunami warning Nationwide, or by prefecture
or region
All 8 NHK channels
(TV & radio)
3 Broadcasting request about natural disaster from local government
By prefecture or
region
General TV, Radio-1, FM
Conditions for operation of EWBS in Japan
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Function of Broadcasting in Disaster Management
1. Gathering/receiving disaster information from administrative organizations
2. Filtering information by broadcasters 3. Delivering disaster information to the general
public 4. Broadcasting offers reliable information
There are no “spam” information in broadcasting 5. Always connected to everybody
There are no congestions like in communication 6. Always active : 24 hour operation 6
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Experiences of EWBS Date Reason Remarks
Mar. 18, 1987 Tsunami Alert Earthquake offshore Miyazaki-ken
Nov. 2, 1989 Tsunami Alert Earthquake offshore Sanriku
Jul. 12, 1993 Tsunami Alert Hokkaido south-west offing earthquake
Oct. 4, 1994 Tsunami Alert Hokkaido East offing earthquake
Dec. 28, 1994 Tsunami Alert Sanriku far offing earthquake
Oct.19, 1995 Tsunami Alert Earthquake near the shore of Amami-Oshima
Feb. 17, 1996 Tsunami Alert Earthquake in Irian Jaya Region, Indonesia
Oct.19, 1996 Tsunami Alert Earthquake in Hyuga-nada
May 4, 1998 Tsunami Alert Okinawa Ishigakijima South offing earthquake
Mar. 26, 2002 Tsunami Alert Okinawa Ishigakijima South offing earthquake
Mar. 31, 2002 Tsunami Alert Earthquake near Taiwan
Sep. 26, 2003 Tsunami Alert Earthquake offshore Kushiro, Hokkaido
Sep. 5, 2004 Tsunami Alert Earthquake offshore Tokai-do
Nov. 15, 2006 Tsunami Alert Hokkaido East offing earthquake
Jan. 13, 2007 Tsunami Alert Hokkaido East offing earthquake
Feb. 27, 2010 Tsunami Alert Earthquake near the shore of Okinawa-honto
Feb. 28, 2010 Tsunami Alert Earthquake offshore Maule, Chile
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EWBS Application
Not only Tsunami forecast
But also Earthquake forecast Hurricane forecast Flood warning Eruption warning Fire warning Other warning
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Tsunami Warning for the Chilean Earthquake Tsunami (27/2/2010)
Tsunami warning issued at 09:33JST, 28/2/2008
Major
Tsunami
Tsunami
Tsunami
Advisory
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What’s EEW?
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) issues an Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) for any quake anywhere in the country registering a JMA seismic intensity approaching 5 or greater.
Since October of 2007, NHK has been automatically broadcasting the JMA’s EEW on all its frequencies of radios and televisions.
Registering a seismic
intensity approaching
5 or greater
Meteorological
Agency
Broadcaster
Transmitter
program
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Principle of EEW
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Primarywave
Secondary wave
Hypocenter
Meteorological
Agency
Seismograph1. Sense a P-Wave.
2. Estimate the epicenter and scale of an earthquake. 3. An EEW is issued when the
seismic intensity approaching 5 or greater is estimated somewhere in Japan.
4. Broadcast the EEW as soon as possible.
Use of the difference of propagation speeds of
primary and secondary waves.
P-wave: about 7 km / s
S-wave: about 4 km / s
ABU Digital Broadcasting Symposium 2011, Kuala Lumpur
How NHK broadcasts EEW ?
On television, the place of an epicenter and the regions where strong tremors are forecasted are mapped and listed with a sound of the specialized chime.
On radio, the program is interrupted, and the places are promptly reported in a voice, following the specialized chime.
On Radio On Television
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Problems of EEW Broadcast in Digital TV
Delay to display EEW due to the processing periods for compressing and decompressing video and audio data.
There has been no way to get warning to those who do not happen to be watching television like that in analog TV.
Registering a seismic
intensity approaching
5 or greater
Meteorological
Agency
Broadcaster
Transmitter
program
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New Technology added in Digital TV
Registering a seismic
intensity approaching
5 or greater
Meteorological
Agency
Broadcaster
Transmitter
program
Media Explanation
Superimpose of Caption (Subtitle provided Asynchronously )
EEW information is transmitted as character codes using an asynchronous packetized elementary stream (PES) for superimposing a caption.
Event Message in Data Broadcasting
EEW alert, which is composed of figures and characters sent in advance using data carousels, is displayed with a trigger of an event message in data broadcasting.
Auxiliary Channel (AC) EEW information about the epicenter and the regions hit by an earthquake is transmitted on AC carriers in a central segment..
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Regulation for Broadcasters
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Act No.132 of May 2, 1950. Chapter I General Provisions Article 1 (Purpose) The purpose of this Act is to regulate broadcasting for the public
welfare, and to facilitate the sound development thereof, in accordance with the principles as stated below: (i) To secure the maximum availability and benefits of broadcasting for the citizens; (ii) To assure the freedom of expression through broadcasting by guaranteeing
impartiality and integrity in broadcasting and its autonomy; (iii) To make broadcasting contribute to the development of a healthy democracy by
clarifying the responsibilities of the entities engaged in broadcasting.
Article 6-2 (Broadcasting in the Event of Disaster) If a disaster caused by storm, heavy rain, flood, earthquake, large-
scale fire or other cause has occurred or is threatened to occur, a broadcaster conducting domestic broadcasting shall conduct such broadcasting that helps to prevent the occurrence of a disaster or to reduce the damages caused thereby.
Broadcast Act
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The only Union to promote:
Peoples’ preparation for disaster risk
reduction
Teaching people how to survive potential
disasters
Implementing emergency warning systems
on broadcasting platforms
Setting up mass communications soon
after disaster
Promoting EWBS and Disaster Preparedness
2004 Tsunami Created worldwide awareness on relief
communications using radio transmissions
Distributed 25000 radio sets in Indonesia, Maldives, Sri Lanka
Helped restore transmission facilities
2005 onwards Providing Radio-in-Box units for post-disaster
relief communication
2008 Sumatra Air-lifted RiB for remote area relief
communication
ABU’s Work on Disaster Risk Reduction
2010-11: Awareness and implementation
12 country Roadshow on EWBS
Dialogue with DRR Nodal Agencies on setting
up national and regional coordination
mechanisms
ABU GA Recommendation on using EWBS
Planning a major project in Indonesia and
China
There is a lot more to be done
ABU’s Work on Disaster Risk Reduction
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION