Emergency Drugs2

8/7/2019 Emergency Drugs2

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EMERGENCY DRUGS

FOR NEUROSURGICAL

EMERGENCY DRUGS

FOR CARDIAC

EMERGENCY DRUGS

FOR POISONING

EMERGENCY DRUGS

FOR SHOCK

EMERGENCY DRUGS FOR

HYPERTENSIVE


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3/21

NITROGLYCERINA: Dilates coronary arteries and improves blood flow.

I: Treatment of choice for ANGINA PECTORIS (chest pain) &MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (heart attack).

CI: Hypersensitivity, hypotension, uncorrected hypovolemia.

MORPHINE SULFATEA: Dilates venous vessels, reduces the workload on the heart.

I: A narcotic agent used to treat CHEST PAIN associated with an AMI.

CI: Hypersensitivity, pregnancy, epilepsy, anastomoses

SE: Respiratory distress, Hypotension

ATROPINE SULFATEA: To increase heart rate by inhibiting the action of the vagus nerve.

I: Treatment for significant BRADYCARDIA (slow heart rate) & some typesof HEART BLOCK (AV block at nodal level).

CI: Hypersensitivity, narrow-angle glaucoma, tachycardia, renal disease.

SE: Cardiac dysrrythmias, Tachycardia, Myocardial ischemia,


4/21

ISOPROTERENOLA: To increase heart rate

I: Given to client with refractory hemodynamically significantBRADYCARDIA.

ADENOSINEA: Slows impulse conduction through the hearts atrioventricular node,interrupts dysrhythmia-producing reentry pathways, & restores normal

rhythm in clients with PSVT.

I: First-line drug of choice to treat PAROXYSMAL SUPRAVENTRICULARTACHYCARDIA (PSVT).

CI: With poison- or drug-related tachycardia, second- and third-degreeheart block, clients with sick sinus syndrome, except those with functioningpacemakers.

VERAPAMIL ( Isoptin )

A: It slows conduction (negative chronotropic) through the heart and hasnegative inotropic and vasodilating effects.

I: Treatment of NARROW COMPLAEX PAROXYSMAL

SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHCARDIA (PSVT) is alternative to adenosinein clients with normal blood pressure and adequate left ventricular function.

CI: Simultaneous use of calcium channel blockers and beta-blockers,preexisting heart block or sick sinus syndrome in the client without apacemaker, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and heart failure.


5/21

DILTIAZEM ( Cardizel )A: To slow the ventricular response rate in arterial fibrillation or flutter.

I: Treat PSVT.

CI: Simultaneous use of calcium channel blockers and beta-blockers,preexisting heart block or sick sinus syndrome in the client without a

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AMIODARONEA: It has alpha- and beta-adrenergic blocking effects and acts on sodium,potassium, and calcium channels.

I: Treatment of LIFE-THREATENING DYSRHYTHMIAS & CARDIACARREST, pulse less, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation,hemodynamically stable ventricular tachycardia, PSVT refractory toadenosine, ventricular rate control in atrial fibrillation and for pharmacologictreatment of atrial fibrillation.

CI: Severe sinus-node dysfunction, second- or third-degree AV block,hypersensitivity.

SE: Hypotension, Bradycardia.

LIDOCAINE

A: Decreases automaticity, increases electrical threshold of ventricle.

I: Drug of choice for PREMATURE VENTRICULAR CONTRACTIONS.Treat VENTRICULAR DYSRHYTMIAS (irregular heart beats),VENTTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, and VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION.

CI: Hypersensitivity advanced atrioventricular block, CAUTION: Liverdisease, Heart failure, Elderly.

SE: Lidocaine toxicity such as confusion, drowsiness, hearing impairment,cardiac conduction defects, myocardial depression, muscle twitching and


6/21

PROCAINAMIDEA: An antidysrhythmic agent.

I: For VENTRICUALR TACHYCARDIA, PVCs, & RAPIDSUORAVENTRICULAR DYSRHYTHMIAS unresponsive to adenosine.

CI: Clients with torsades de pointes, an unusual polymorphic ventriculartachycardia often associated with prolonged Q-T interval.

SE: Severe hypotension, Heart block, Rhythm disturbances, Cardiac

MAGNESIUM SULFATEA: May decrease acetylcholine released by nerve impulses, butanticonvulsant mechanism is unknown.

I: Drug of choice for the treatment of TORSADES DE POINTES. Indicatedfor clients with REFRACTORY VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA,REFRACTORY VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION, CARDIAC ARRESTassociated with HYPOMAGNESEMIA (low serum magnesium level), andLIFE-THREATENING VENTRICULAR DYSRHYTHMIAS from digitalistoxicity.

CI: Patients with heart block or myocardial damage.


7/21

EPINEPHRINEA: A catecholamine with alpha- and beta-adrenergic effects.

I: Indicated to clients with PROFOUND BRADYCARDIA &HYPOTENSION, ASYSTOLE, PULSELESS VENTRICULARTACHYCARDIA, & VENTRIBULAR FIBRILLATION. To improvePERFUMOSION OF THE HEART & BRAIN in CARDIAC ARRESTSTATES.

VASOPRESSINA: It increases coronary artery perfusion during cardiopulmonaryresuscitation (CPR) & to exhibit vasopressors effects.

I: Treatment for VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION that is refractory todefibrillation.

CI: Responsive clients who have coronary artery disease (CAD), that is,clients with CAD who are not in cardiac arrest.


8/21

SODIUM BICARBONATEA: Reverses metabolic acidosis neutralizes gastric acid, which form water,NaCl, CO2, raises blood pH.

I: Treat the METABOLIC ACIDOSIS that may accompany CARDIACARREST & the HYPERKALEMIA & ACIDOTIC STATES to specific drugoverdose situations.

CI: Hypoventilation, Hypocalcaemia, severe kidney insufficiency.

NITROGLYCERIN

SL: 0.3-0.4 mg

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MORPHINE SULFATE

ATROPINE SULFATE

ISOPROTERENOL

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9/21

ADENOSINE

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VERAPAMIL ( Isoptin )

DILTIAZEM ( Cardizel )

AMIODARONE

Adult IV with pulse: 150 mg over 10 min; then continuous infusion 1mg/min for 6 h; then 0.5 mg/min over 18 h

Cardiac arrest: 300 mg diluted in 20-30 ml D5W rapidly followed by

continuous infusion as above; max: 2.2 g/d


10/21

LIDOCAINE

Adult IV/IO: 1-1.5 mg/kg; may repear0.5 mg/kg q 5-10 min up to 3mg/kg (max)

ETT*: 2-4 mg/kg

PROCAINAMIDE

MAGNESIUM SULFATE

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EPINEPHRINE

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VASOPRESSIN


11/21

SODIUM BICARBONATE

MANNITOLA: Inhibition of reabsorption of electrolytes and water by affecting pressureof glomerular filtrate.

I: Treat CEREBRAL EDEMA & INCREASED INTRACRANIALPRESSURE.

CI: Hypersensitivity, severe dehydration, CAUTION: Pregnancy,breastfeeding, current intracranial bleeding.

METHYLPREDNISOLONEA: Reverses increased capillary permeability.

I: An option to clients with TRAUMATIC SPINAL CORD INJURIES.

CI: Hypersensitivity, penetrating trauma to the spinal cord, HIV infection,severe infection, spinal cord injury more than 8 hour old, Pregnancy and

uncontrolled DM.


12/21

MANNITOL

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METHYLPREDNISOLONE

NALOXONE ( Narcan )A: May displace opiod analgesics from their receptors to reverse it effects.

I: Clients who have taken an OVERDOSE OF OPIATE DRUGS, thoseexperiencing RESPIRATORY or CARDIOVASCULAR DEPRESSION fromtherapeutic doses of opiates given in health care setting, & those broughtto emergency department in a COMA of UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY.

CI: Respiratory depression due to non-opioid drugs.

SE: No major side effects but ccan precipitate withdrawal symptoms and


13/21

FLUMAZENILA: Inhibits the activity at the benzodiazepine receptor.

I: Reversal agent RESPIRATORY DEPRESSANT & SEDATIVE EFFECTSOF BENZODIAZEPINE MEDICATIONS.

CI: H ersensitivit .

ACTIVATED CHARCOALI: To PREVENT ABSORPTION OF TOXINS INTO THE BODY .

CI: Intestinal obstruction, anatomically-broken GI tract, hemorrhage, GIperforation.

SE: Vomiting.

NALOXONE

FLUMAZENIL

IV: initial dose 0.2 mg over 15 sec. Additional doses of 0.3-0.5 mg over-


14/21

ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

DOPAMINE

A: Causes vasoconstriction.

I: To treat HYPOTENSION IN SHOCK STATES not caused byHYPOVOLEMIA.

CI: Patients with phaechromocytoma or hyperthyroidism.

DOBUTAMINE

A: Causes mild vasodilation.

I: Enhances the force of MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION & INCREASEHEART RATE.

CI: Patients with marked obstruction of cardiac ejection such as idiopathic

hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.SE: Myocardial ischemia, Tachycardia, Dysrhythmias, Headache, Nausea


15/21

NOREPINEPHRINE

A: A catecholamine with extremely potent vasoconstrictor actions.

I: Used in SHOCK STATES.

CI: Not be used to teat hypotension in hypovolemic clients.

EPINEPHRINE

A: Causes bronhodilation and vasoconstriction.

I: Treatment of ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK.

ALBUTEROL

A: Causes bronchodilation.

I: Reverse bronchoconstiction in ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK, ASTHMA, &COPD.

CI: Hypersensitivity, Threatened abortion during the 1st

or 2nd

trimester,lactation.


16/21

DIPHENHYDRAMINEHYDROCHLORIDE

A: Decreases allergic response by blocking histamine.

I: Effective for treating the HISTAMINE-INDUCED TISSUE SWELLING &PRURITUS common to severe allergic reactions.

CI: Hypersensitivity, History of sleep apnea.

DEXTROSE 50%

I: To treat INSULIN-INDUCED HYPOGLYCEMIA or INSULIN SHOCK


17/21

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GLUCAGON

A: A hormone produced from pancreas that elevates blood sugar bystimulating glycogen breakdown

I: Treatment of SEVERE INSULIN-INDUCED HYPOGLYCEMIA orINSULIN SHOCK

CI: Phaeochromoc toma h ersensitivit

DOPAMINE

DOBUTAMINE

NOREPINEPHRINE

ALBUTEROL


18/21

DIPHENHYDRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE

DEXTROSE 50%

GLUCAGON

LABETALOL

A: Inhibits the effects of the sympathetic nervous system.

I: Indicated for the acute management of clinically significantHYPERTENSION in the prescence of ISCHEMIC & HEMMORHAGICSTROKE, as well as for HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS.

CI: Clients with bronchial asthma or COPD, severe bradycardia & apparentheart failure.


19/21

NITROPRUSSIDE SODIUM

A: It is immediate direct arterial and venous vasodilation..

I: To reduce ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE in HYPERTENSIVEEMERGENCIES

CI: Hypersensitivity, compensatory hypertension.

FUROSEMIDE

A: Inhibits sodium & chloride reabsorption from the ascending loop ofHenle and the proximal & distal tubules.

I: For ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA from LEFT VENTRICULARDYSFUNCTION & HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS.

CI: Hypersensitivity.


20/21

MORPHINE SULFATE

A: Produces venous bronchodilation that decreases cardiac preload.

I: For ACUTE PULMONARY EDEMA.

CI: Hypersensitivity, pregnancy, epilepsy, anastomoses.

LABETALOL

NITROPRUSSIDE SODIUM

FUROSEMIDE


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MORPHINE SULFATE

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