EMC testing

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Procedure for EMC testingof large industrial machines

Version 2.0 - June 97 by CKZ, task force on EMC

Version 3.0updated due to research results by HOBUfonds “EMCSYS” – project(IWT: 980060)

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Content

Foreword 4

0. Introduction 5

1. Scope 5

2. Normative references 6

3. Definitions 9

3.1. Electromagnetic compatibility 9

3.2. Electromagnetic disturbance 9

3.3. Electromagnetic immunity 9

3.4. Electromagnetic environment 9

3.5. Reference limit 9

3.6. Electrical / electronic system 9

3.7. Electrical / electronic sub-assembly (ESA) 9

3.8. Machine type 10

3.9. ESA type 10

4. Requirements 114.1. General requirements 114.1.1. Fulfillment of the requirements 114.1.2. Testing 114.1.3. General requirements for immunity testing 124.1.4. Test- and measuring conditions 124.1.4.1. Emission measurement 124.1.4.2. Immunity testing 124.1.5. Performance criteria 134.1.6. Acceptability 14

4.2. Specifications concerning electromagnetic emissions from machines 144.2.1. Conducted emission 144.2.1.1. Method of measurement 144.2.1.2. Reference limits for continuous noise interference 144.2.2. Radiated emission 154.2.2.1. Method of measurement 154.2.2.2. Reference limits 154.2.3. Harmonics and flicker 15

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4.3. Specifications concerning electromagnetic emissions from ESA’s 164.3.1. Conducted emission 164.3.1.1. Method of measurement 164.3.1.2. Reference limits for continuous noise interference 164.3.2. Radiated emission 164.3.2.1. Method of measurement 164.3.2.2. Reference limits 174.3.3. Harmonics and flicker 17

4.4. Immunity testing of machines 174.4.1. ESD 184.4.2. Radiated immunity 184.4.3. EFT 194.4.4. Surge 204.4.5. Injected current 204.4.6. Power frequency magnetic field 214.4.7. Voltage fluctuations, dips and interruptions 21

4.5. Immunity testing of ESA’s 224.5.1. ESD 224.5.2. Radiated immunity 224.5.3. EFT 234.5.4. Surge 244.5.5. Injected current 244.5.6. Power frequency magnetic field 254.5.7. Voltage fluctuations, dips and interruptions 25

Annex A: Informative Annex (not mandatory) 26A1. Alternative methods for conducted emission measurements at the main port 26A2. Limits for conducted emission levels at the control parts 26A3. Limits for radiated emission above 1 GHz 27

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Foreword.

In the past years, more and more electrical and electronic devices have been applied in large industrialmachines, which are designed to control, supervise and indicate the multiple functions. The electricaland electromagnetic environment in which these devices have to work needs to be taken into consi-deration.

Electrical and high frequency disturbances emerge during the normal operation of many parts of themachine devices. They are generated within a large frequency range with different electricalcharacteristics and, by conduction and/or radiation, can be imported to other electronic devices andsystems.

Signals generated by sources of interference inside and outside the machines, can also be coupled inelectrical and electronic systems whereat they can influence the normal function of electrical devices.Sources of narrowband electromagnetic disturbances are e.g. machines with integrated microprocessors.

The elaboration of this procedure is based on the European Harmonised Generic Standards for EMC,EN 50081-2 and EN 50082-2. As far as possible, the measuring procedures described in these standardsare taken. However, it is not always possible to refer completely to these procedures, due to the specificmeasuring problems occurring when applied to large industrial machines. Therefor, the necessaryprocedures are described in detail within the annexes of this procedure, both for emission and forimmunity testing (including transient disturbances).

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0. Introduction.

This procedure has been worked out in order to be applied as harmonised standard representing ameans to achieve the conformity with the essential requirements of the European EMC Directive(89/336/EEC) and the EMC requirements of the European Machine Directive (89/392/EEC).

1. Scope.

This procedure applies to the electromagnetic compatibility of large, industrial machines, which canbe characterised by the fact that it causes a problem to perform EMC testing under normallaboratory conditions. This can be due to:

- large weight- big size and dimensions- transportation problems and access to laboratory- time needed to build-up the machine- power consumption- other ...

Electrical/electronic sub-assemblies or ESA's (separate technical units) intended for fitment inmachines are also within the scope of this procedure.

This procedure describes the requirements on the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) [EuropeanEMC Directive 89/336/EEC] and the related safety requirements [European Machine Directive89/392/EEC], and the procedures necessary for testing. The below mentioned electromagneticdisturbance phenomena are dealing with:

- electromagnetic interference by emission: conducted and radiated- electromagnetic field immunity test- current injected immunity test- LF-magnetic field immunity test (if applicable)- electrostatic discharge (ESD)- conducted transients- voltage fluctuations, dips and interruptions (if applicable)- harmonics and flicker (if applicable)

This procedure applies primarily to machines which are manufactured after the date of issue of thisprocedure.

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2. Normative references.

This procedure incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.These normative references are cited at the appropriated places in the text and the publications arelisted hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of thesepublications apply to this procedure only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. Forundated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies.

CISPR 16: Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods

IEC 50: International Electrotechnical Vocabulary

EN 50081-2: 1993: Electromagnetic compatibility - Generic emission standard - Part 2: Industrial environment

EN 50082-2: 1995: Electromagnetic compatibility - Generic immunity standard -Part 2: Industrial environment

EN 55011: 1991: CISPR11: 1990: ModifiedLimits and methods of measurement of radio disturbancecharacteristics of industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio-frequency equipment

EN 55014: 1993: CISPR 14: 1993: Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbancecharacteristics of electral motor-operated and thermalappliances for household and similar purposes, electric toolsand similar electric apparatus

EN 55022: 1994: CISPR 22: 1993: Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance

characteristics of information technology equipment

EN 55024: 1995: Limits and methods of measurement of immunity characteristics of InformationTechnology equipment

EN 61000-3-2: 1995: IEC 1000-3-2: 1995Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)Part 3: Limits - Section 2: Limits for harmonic current emissions (equip-

ment input current up to and including 16 A per phase)

EN 61000-3-3: 1995: IEC 1000-3-3: 1994Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)Part 3: Limits - Section 3: Limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker in

low-voltage supply systems for equipment withrated current up to 16A.

EN 61000-4-1: 1994: IEC 1000-4-1: 1992

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)Part 4: Testing and measurement techniquesSection 1: Overview of immunity testsNOTE: Basic EMC Publication

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EN 61000-4-2: 1995: IEC 1000-4-2: 1995Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)Part 4: Testing and measurement techniquesSection 2: Electrostatic discharge immunity testNOTE: Basic EMC Publication

prEN 61000-4-3: IEC 1000-4-3: 1996Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)Part 4: Testing and measurement techniquesSection 3: Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test(IEC 1000-4-3: 1995, modified)

EN 61000-4-4: 1995: IEC 1000-4-4: 1995Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)Part 4: Testing and measurement techniquesSection 4: Electrical fast transient/burst immunity testNOTE: Basic EMC Publication

EN 61000-4-5: 1995: IEC 1000-4-5: 1995Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)Part 4: Testing and measurement techniquesSection 5: Surge immunity testNOTE: Basic EMC Publication

EN 61000-4-6: 1996: IEC 1000-4-6: 1996Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)Part 4: Testing and measurement techniquesSection 6: Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency

fields

EN 61000-4-8: 1993: IEC 1000-4-8: 1993Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)Part 4: Testing and measurement techniquesSection 8: Power frequency magnetic field immunity testNOTE: Basic EMC Publication

EN 61000-4-11: 1994: IEC 1000-4-11 1994Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)Part 4: Testing and measurement techniquesSection 11: Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations

immunity tests

prEN 50127: 1996: Standard for in-situ emission measurements

prEN 50174: 1996: Installation of customer premises cabling

ISO/DIS/11452-3: 1995: Road vehicles - Electrical disturbances by narrowband radiated electro-magnetic energy - Component test methods -Part 3: Transverse electromagnetic mode (TEM) cell

ISO/DIS/11452-4: 1995: Road vehicles - Electrical disturbances by narrowband radiated electro-magnetic energy - Component test methods -Part 4: Bulk Current Injection (BCI)

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ISO/DIS/11452-5: 1995: Road vehicles - Electrical disturbances by narrowband radiated electro-magnetic energy - Component test methods - Part 5: Stripline

EN 1050: 1996: Sécurité des machines - Principes pour l’appréciation du risque

EN 61547: 1995: IEC 1547: 1995Equipment for general lighting purposes - EMC immunity requirements

EN 61131-2: 1994: IEC 1131-2: 1993Programmable controllers - Part 2: Equipment requirements and test

EN 61800-3: 1996: IEC 1800-3: 1996Adjustable speed electrical power drive systemsPart 3: EMC product standard including specific test methods

prEN 12015: 1995: Electromagnetic compatibility - Product family standard for lifts, elevators and passenger conveyors - Emission

prEN 12016: 1995: Electromagnetic compatibility - Product family standard for lifts, elevators and passenger conveyors - Immunity

EN 60947-3: 1992: IEC 947-3: 1990 + corrigendum Dec. 1991ModifiedLow-voltage switchgear and controlgearPart 3: Switches, disconnectors, switch-disconnectors and fuse-combination units

EN 50173: 1995: Information technology - Generic cabling systems

prEN 61000-5-X: General cabling systems

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3. Definitions.

For the purposes of this procedure, the following definitions apply.

3.1. Electromagnetic compatibility

“Electromagnetic compatibility” means the ability of a machine or (a) components(s) or (a) se-parate technical unit(s) to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment, withoutintroducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment(see IEC 50: 1990, 161-01-07).

3.2. Electromagnetic disturbance

“Electromagnetic disturbance” means any electromagnetic phenomenon which may degrade theperformance of a machine or (a) component(s) or (a) separate technical unit(s). An electro-magnetic disturbance may be an electromagnetic noise, an unwanted signal or a change in thepropagation medium itself (see IEC 50: 1990, 161-01-05).

3.3. Electromagnetic immunity

“Electromagnetic immunity” means the ability of a machine or (a) component(s) or (a) separatetechnical unit(s) to perform without degradation of performance in the presence of specifiedelectromagnetic disturbances (see IEC 50: 1990, 161-01-20).

3.4. Electromagnetic environment

“Electromagnetic environment” means the totality of electromagnetic phenomena existing at agiven location (see IEC 50: 1990, 161-01-01).

3.5. Reference antenna

“Reference antenna” for the frequency range 30 to 80 MHz means a shortened balanced dipolebeing a half wave resonant dipole at 80 MHz, and for the frequency range above 80 MHz means abalanced half wave resonant dipole tuned to the measurement frequency (see CISPR 16-1).

3.6. Electrical/electronic system

An “electrical / electronic system” means (an) electrical and / or electronic components(s) or a setof components intended to be part of a machine, together with any associated electricalconnections.

3.7. Electrical/electronic sub-assembly (ESA)

An “Electrical / electronic sub-assembly” (ESA) means (an) electrical and / or electronic com-ponent(s) or set of components intended to be part of a machine, together with any associatedelectrical connections and wiring, which performs one or more specialised functions.

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3.8. Machine type

“Machine type” in relation to electromagnetic compatibility means machines which do not differin such essential respects as:

• the structural shape• the general arrangement of the electrical and / or electronic components and the general wiring

arrangement• the primary material of which the design of the machine consists (for example a steel,

aluminium or fiberglass covering parts)

3.9. ESA type

An “ESA type’ in relation to electromagnetic compatibility means ESA’s which do not differ insuch essential respects as:

• the function performed by the ESA.• the arrangement of the electrical and / or electronic components, if applicable.• the primary material of the casing.

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4. Requirements

4.1. General requirements

It is important to mention here that a product is covered by the directive if it is included in its fieldof application and presents potential hazards with respect to EMC. This means that it should becontemplated in one or more essential safety and/or protection requirements, and for whichprotective action is justified. This is an exclusive manufacturer's decision. The manufacturer is theonly and ultimate responsible for the conformity of his product to the directive. Furthermore, he isthe only one able to evaluate the hazards that the product may or will present when used asintended. He will do such evaluation by way of a hazard or risk analysis, that, once done, willallow him to decide which specific parts of the machine or ESA's should be tested for whichspecific requirements, and at which level of severity.The report of this hazard or risk analysis must be part of the test report.

4.1.1. Fulfillment of the requirements

The requirements of this standard are to be met by a machine (and its electrical / electronicinstallation or its ESA) operating in conformity with the final purpose. According to the choiceof the machine manufacturer the following alternatives are possible to give evidence to therespect of the requirements:

• The requirements of the standard are deemed to be fulfilled for a complete machine when therequirements identified in Chapter 4, as applicable, are fulfilled. In case the machinemanufacturer has chosen this alternative no routine tests of the electrical / electronic systems orESA’s are required.

• The requirements of these standards are also deemed to be fulfilled if it is confirmed by themachine manufacturer that all electrical / electronic systems or ESA’s are in conformity with therequirements of the European EMC Directive and have been installed in conformance with therecommended requirements of the ESA.

• The requirements of this standard are also deemed to be fulfilled when the machine has no suchequipment for which an immunity or interference test is required.

4.1.2. Testing

It is chosen a kind of “type testing” as test procedure. A type (designated “test specimen” in thefurther text) which has been chosen from the series according to certain criteria is tested. Here,the definitions of 3.9. Machine type and 3.10. ESA type have to be taken into account.

In every test procedure reference limits are determined to which the complete production has tocorrespond. Tightened limit values apply for the test specimen for the radiating tests, whichhave to be 2,0 dB (20 %) below the reference limits (at emission) respectively 2,0 dB (25 %)above the reference limits (at immunity).

Note 1: This additional margin is used in order to account for:

• insignificant differences between the test specimen and the series product (equi-valence of the test specimen) and

• insignificant differences of different testing laboratories (reproducibility of results).

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If the test specimen fulfills the tightened limit values, it is assumed that all series-products whichare represented by the test specimen comply with the reference limits.

Note 2: This means that the reference limits are taken as basis for a hundred per cent testing ofthe production and for inspection.

Referring to the electrostatic discharge and conducted tests the reference limits are also valid forthe test specimen.

Note 3: The test procedure for the electrostatic discharge and the conducted RF and transienttests depend in a less substantial way from the environmental influences andinsignificant modifications of the test specimen and consequently the additional margindoes not apply.

4.1.3. General requirements for immunity testing

Referring to the hazard or risk analysis, no disturbances shall occur during the testing which mayaffect the safety of the machine: it concerns movements of parts of the machine andmodifications on the state of function which may generate hazards or mislead others. For thisfunctions, performance criterium A must be achieved (see section 4.1.5.). For the other essentialfunctions of the machine, they should comply with the performance requirements as set by themanufacturer (see sections 4.1.5 and 4.4.)..

4.1.4. Test- and measuring conditions

4.1.4.1. Emission measurement

The measurements shall be made in the operating mode producing the largest emission in thefrequency band being investigated consistent with the normal applications. An attempt shall bemade to maximize the emission by varying the configuration of the test sample (Worst CaseConfiguration).

If the apparatus is part of a system, or can be connected to auxiliary apparatus, then theapparatus shall be tested while connected to the minimum configuration of auxiliary appara-tusnecessary to exercise the ports in accordance with EN 55022.

The configuration and mode of operating during measurement shall be precisely noted in thetest report.

If the apparatus has a large number of terminals, then a sufficient number shall be selected tosimulate actual operating conditions and to ensure that all the different types of termination arecovered.

The tests shall be carried out somewhere within the specified operating environmental rangefor the apparatus and at its rated supply voltage, unless otherwise indicated in the basicstandard.

4.1.4.2. Immunity testing

The tests shall be made in the most susceptible operating mode in the frequency bands beinginvestigated consistent with normal applications. The configuration of the test sample shall bevaried to achieve maximum susceptibility (Worst Case Configuration).

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If the apparatus is part of a system, or can be connected to auxiliary apparatus, then theapparatus shall be tested while connected to the minimum representative configuration ofauxiliary apparatus necessary to exercise the ports in a similar manner to that described in EN55022.

In cases where a manufacturer’s specification specially requires external protection devices ormeasures which are clearly specified in the user’s manual, then the test requirements of thisstandard shall be applied with the external protection devices or measures in place.

The configuration and mode of operation during the tests shall be precisely noted in the testreport. It is not always possible to test every function of the apparatus, in such cases the mostcritical mode of operation shall be selected.If the apparatus has a large number of similar ports or ports with many similar connections,then a sufficient number shall be selected to simulate actual operating conditions and to en-surethat all the different types of termination are covered.

The tests shall be carried out within the operating ranges of temperature, humidity and pressurespecified for the product and at the rated supply voltage, unless otherwise indicated in the basicstandard.

If the manufacturer is using his own specification for an acceptable level of EMC performanceor degradation of EMC performance during or after the testing required by this standard, thenthis specification shall be made available upon request.

The tests shall be carried out as single tests in sequence. The sequence of testing is optional.

4.1.5. Performance criteria

The variety and the diversity of the apparatus within the scope of this document makes it im-possible to define precise criteria for the evaluation of the immunity test results.

If as a result of the application of the tests defined in this standard the apparatus becomesdangerous or unsafe then the apparatus shall be deemed to have failed the test.

A functional description and a definition of performance criteria, during or as a consequence ofthe EMC testing, shall be provided by the manufacturer and noted in the test report, based on thefollowing criteria:

Performance criterion A: The apparatus shall continue to operate as intended. No degradationof performance or loss of function is allowed below a performance level specified by themanufacturer, when the apparatus is used as intended. The performance level may be replacedby a permissible loss of performance. If the minimum performance level or the permissibleperformance loss is not specified by the manufacturer then either of these may be derived fromthe product description and documentation and what the user may reasonable expect from theapparatus if used as intended.

Performance criterion B: The apparatus shall continue to operate as intended after the test. Nodegradation of performance or loss of function is allowed below a performance level specifiedby the manufacturer, when the apparatus is used as intended. The performance level may bereplaced by a permissible loss of performance. During the test, degradation of performance ishowever allowed. No change of actual operating state or stored data is allowed. If the mini-mum performance level or the permissible performance loss is not specified by the manu-facturer then either of these may be derived form the product description and documentation andwhat the user may reasonably expect from the apparatus if used as intended.

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Performance criterion C: Temporary loss of function is allowed, provided the loss of functionis self recoverable or can be restored by the operation of the controls.

4.1.6. Applicability

It may be determined from considerations of the hazard analysis and/or of the electricalcharacteristics and usage of a particular machine or ESA that some of the measurements or testsare inappropriate and therefor unnecessary. In such a case it is required that the decision not tomeasure or test be recorded in the test report.

4.2. Specifications concerning electromagnetic emissions from machines.

The measurements are performed in situ, so no groundplane should be applied.

4.2.1. Conducted emission.

4.2.1.1 .Method of measurement

Basically, it is referred to EN 55011 for the measurement method to be applied.In order to reduce the test-time,

• for continuous noise, the following procedure should be followed: - first, a measurement is performed using Peak Detection. If these measurements are

lower than the Quasi-Peak limits, as given in section 4.2.1.2., the machine will comply.

- if the Peak Detection measurements are exceeding the Quasi-Peak limits, a second measurement is performed, using Quasi-Peak Detection, only at these frequencies exceeding the QPD limits. If the measured values are now below the QPD limits, the machine will comply.

• for impulsive noise, it is referred to EN 55014 for both emission limits and measuringmethods.

In case of a 3-phase system, the method is also applicable phase per phase. In cases of highcurrent, the probe 1500/50 Ohm (as referred in EN 55011) may be used, either in a singlephase, either in a 3-phase version.

4.2.1.2. Reference limits for continuous noise interference.

Frequency rangeMHz

LimitsdBuV

Measurement with rated mains input current<25 A 25 - 100 A > 100 A

0,15 - 0,5 79 quasi peak66 average

100 quasi peak90 average





5 - 30 73 quasi peak60 average

90 - 70 quasi peak80 - 60 average


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4.2.2. Radiated emission.

4.2.2.1. Method of measurement

Basically, it is referred to EN 55011 for the measurement method to be applied. Enclosed testfacilities may be used if correlation can be shown with the reference site.




• when measurements are performed outside, they shall not be made while rain or otherprecipitation is falling, or within 10 minutes after such precipication has stopped.

Measurements in situ, as close as to 1 m distance are acceptable (see ref. 112-30:Environement électromagnetique des équipements installeés dans les locaux des clients deFrance Télécom.), therefore a correction factor of 20 log (Ds/Dm) may be applied.

At least 4 measuring points around the machine must be tested. Position of the test points (andalso more points) are defined by the former hazard analysis. At least one antenna height of 1.5m is used.

An appropriate procedure should be applied for discrimination between ambient noise andradiated emission by the machine under test. The methods and its rationale must be reported inthe test report. Preferably, the ambient noise should be at least 6 dB less than the radiatedemission noise of the machine under test.

4.2.2.2. Reference limits

Frequency rangeMHz

LimitsdBuV/m

Measurement at 30 m Measurement at 10 m Measurement at 3 m30 - 230 30 quasi peak 40 quasi peak 50 quasi peak230 - 1000 37 quasi peak 47 quasi peak 57 quasi peak

For measurements at another distance, the limit values may be corrected by 20 log (Ds/Dm),where Ds is the standard reference distance of measuring and Dm is the actual measuringdistance.In case of the measured values should be corrected, the formula 20 log (Dm/Ds) must be used.

4.2.3. Harmonics and flicker.

The standards EN 61000-3-2 and EN 61000-3-3 are applicable.

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4.3. Specifications concerning electromagnetic emissions from ESA's

This section only applies if there is no specific harmonised European standard available for theESA under consideration.

4.3.1. Conducted emission.

4.3.1.1 .Method of measurement

Basically, it is referred to EN 55011 for the measurement method to be applied.In order to reduce the test-time,




• for impulsive noise, it is referred to EN 55014 for both emission limits and measuringmethods.

In case of a 3-phase system, the method is also applicable phase per phase. In cases of highcurrent, the probe 1500/50 Ohm (as referred in EN 55011) may be used, either in a singlephase, either in a 3-phase version.

4.3.1.2. Reference limits for continuous noise interference.

Frequency rangeMHz

LimitsdBuV











4.3.2. Radiated emission.

4.3.2.1. Method of measurement

Basically, it is referred to EN 55011 for the measurement method to be applied. Enclosed testfacilities may be used if correlation can be shown with the reference site.



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• when measurements are performed outside, they shall not be made while rain or otherprecipitation is falling, or within 10 minutes after such precipication has stopped.

Measurements in situ, as close as to 1 m distance are acceptable (see ref. 112-30:Environement électromagnetique des équipements installeés dans les locaux des clients deFrance Télécom.), therefore a correction factor of 20 log (Ds/Dm) may be applied.

Other measuring methods than the referred ones in EN 55011 are acceptable, as far as correla-tion between the test-method used and an OATS can be shown. Or that an appropriated limitlevel has been used. The rationale in this case must be given and explained.

4.3.2.2. Reference limits

Frequency rangeMHz

LimitsdBuV/m

Measurement at 30 m Measurement at 10 m Measurement at 3 m30 - 230 30 quasi peak 40 quasi peak 50 quasi peak230 - 1000 37 quasi peak 47 quasi peak 57 quasi peak

For measurements at another distance, the limit values may be corrected by 20 log (Ds/Dm),where Ds is the standard reference distance of measuring and Dm is the actual measuringdistance.In case of the measured values should be corrected, the formula 20 log (Dm/Ds) must be used.

4.3.3. Harmonics and flicker.

The standards EN 61000-3-2 and EN 61000-3-3 are applicable.

4.4. Immunity testing of machines.

The measurements are performed in situ, so no groundplane should be applied.For functions concerning the safety of the machine, as described in 4.1.3., the mentionedrequirements in this procedure, must be considered as minimum recommended requirements.They can be more severe, depending on the outcome of the hazard analysis.For the other functions of the machine (see 4.1.3.), the mentioned requirements must be consi-dered as normal recommended requirements.

The following summary is given as a table overview.

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4.4.1. ESD

Safety functions: Level: 8 kV Contact discharge Criterium: A

15 kV Air discharge A

Other functions Level: 4 kV Contact discharge Criterium: B

8 kV Air discharge B

4.4.2. Radiated immunity

Safety functions: Level: 80 - 1000 MHz Criterium: A10 V/m80 % AM (1 kHz)

900 MHz Criterium: A10 V/m50 Duty cycle %200 Rep. frequency Hz

Other functions Level: 80 - 1000 MHz Criterium: A10 V/m80 % AM (1 kHz)


Reference: EN 61000-4-3 and ENV 50204 (GSM test)

Remark:

• Uniform field strength distribution is not required: an uniform field strength can not alwaysbe achieved for these types of equipment under test.

• Add 25 % of field strength for type testing.• Alternative methods can be accepted by proving evidence of equivalent severity levels.

Reference: EN 61000-4-2

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4.4.3. EFT

Safety functions: Level: 2 kV (peak) (cap. clamp) Criterium: A5/50 Tr/Th ns (capacative clamp)5 Rep. freq. kHz (capacative clamp)

2 kV (peak) (direct inj.) (*) Criterium: A5/50 Tr/Th ns (direct injection)5 Rep. freq. kHz (direct injection)

Other functions: Level: 0.5 kV (peak) (capacitive clamp) (**) Criterium: B5/50 Tr/Th ns (capacative clamp)5 Rep. freq. kHz (capacative clamp)

2 kV (peak) (direct inj.) (*) Criterium: B5/50 Tr/Th ns (direct injection)5 Rep. freq. kHz (direct injection)


(*) Remark:

• The possibility of a capacitive injection clamp (or equivalent capacitor) can be accepted forEFT-burst injection on the main power supply line. In this case, the double of the voltagelevel must be applied as for the direct injection (CDN).

• The possibility of a single phase injection can be accepted (**) Depending on influence in process control or not.

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4.4.4. Surge

Safety functions: Level: 1,2/50 (8/20) Tr/Th µs Criterium: A(control lines)2 kV (Common Mode)1 kV (Differential Mode)

1,2/50 (8/20) Tr/Th µs Criterium: A(AC power)4 kV (Common Mode)2 kV (Differential Mode)

Other functions: Level: 1,2/50 (8/20) Tr/Th µs Criterium: B(Control lines)2 kV (Common Mode)1 kV (Differential Mode)

1,2/50 (8/20) Tr/Th µs Criterium: B(AC power)4 kV (Common Mode)2 kV (Differential Mode)

Reference: EN 61000-4-5 - if technical possible

Remark:

• If technical possible for high current lines.• The possibility of a single phase injection is accepted (second part of safety functions).• Only to be performed on machine level if the ESA’S have no protection for surge, neither

there is a global protection at the installation level of the plant.

4.4.5. Injected current

Safety functions: Level: 0.15 - 80 MHz Criterium: A10 V (rms, unmodulated - CM)80 % AM (1 kHz)150 Source impedance Ω (modulated)

Other functions: Level: 0.15 - 80 MHz Criterium:A10 V (rms, unmodulated - CM)80 % AM (1 kHz)150 Source impedance Ω (modulated)

Remark:

• The possibility of an injection clamp instead of CDN’s is accepted.


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4.4.6. Power frequency magnetic field

Safety functions: Level: 50 Hz Criterium: A30 A(rms)/m

Other functions: Level: 50 Hz Criterium: A30 A(rms)/m

Remark:

• Small coils as specified in EN 55103-2 (Electromagnetic compatibility - Product familystandard for audio, video, audio-visual and entertainment lightning control apparatus forprofessional use - Part 2: Immunity) are also accepted.

4.4.7. Voltage fluctuations, dips and interruptions

Safety functions: Level: -100/- 60 % reduction Criterium: A50 / 100 ms

30 / 60 % reduction A for 10 ms `10 / 100 ms A for 100 ms

> 95 % reduction A5000 ms

Other functions: Level: -100/- 60 % reduction Criterium: C50 / 100 ms

30 / 60 % reduction B for 10 ms `10 / 100 ms C for 100 ms

> 95 % reduction C5000 ms

Reference: EN 61000-4-8 - if applicable (magnetic sensitive devices)

Reference: EN 61000-4-11 - if technical possible.

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4.5. Immunity testing of ESA's.

This section only applies if there is no specific harmonised European standard available for theESA under consideration.The following summary is given as a table overview.

4.5.1. ESD

Safety functions: Level: 8 kV Contact discharge Criterium: A

15 kV Air discharge A

Other functions Level: 4 kV Contact discharge Criterium: B

8 kV Air discharge B

4.5.2. Radiated immunity

Safety functions: Level: 80 - 1000 MHz Criterium: A10 V/m80 % AM (1 kHz)


Other functions Level: 80 - 1000 MHz Criterium: A10 V/m80 % AM (1 kHz)


Reference: EN 61000-4-3 and ENV 50204 (GSM test)

Remark:

• Uniform field strength distribution is not required: an uniform field strength can not alwaysbe achieved for these types of equipment under test.

• Add 25 % of field strength for type testing.• Alternative methods can be accepted by proving evidence of equivalent severity levels.

Typically, current injection on all wiring and cables can replace radiated immunity, with aratio of 1 mA/V/m upto 2 mA/V/m, depending on the geometrical aspects of the cabling.This method is valid upto 1 GHz.


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4.5.3. EFT

Safety functions: Level: 2 kV (peak) (cap. clamp) Criterium: A5/50 Tr/Th ns (capacative clamp)5 Rep. freq. kHz (capacative clamp)

2 kV (peak) (direct inj.) Criterium: A5/50 Tr/Th ns (direct injection)5 Rep. freq. kHz (direct injection)

Other functions: Level: 1/2 kV (peak) (capacitive clamp) (*) Criterium: B5/50 Tr/Th ns (capacative clamp)5 Rep. freq. kHz (capacative clamp)

2 kV (peak) (direct inj.) Criterium: B5/50 Tr/Th ns (direct injection)5 Rep. freq. kHz (direct injection)


(*) Remark:

• The possibility of a capacitive injection clamp (or equivalent capacitor) can be accepted forEFT-burst injection on the main power supply line. In this case, the double of the voltagelevel must be applied as for the direct injection (CDN).

• The possibility of a single phase injection can be accepted (**) Depending on influence in process control or not.

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4.5.4. Surge

Safety functions: Level: 1,2/50 (8/20) Tr/Th µs Criterium: A(control lines)2 kV (Common Mode)1 kV (Differential Mode)

1,2/50 (8/20) Tr/Th µs Criterium: A(AC power)4 kV (Common Mode)2 kV (Differential Mode)

Other functions: Level: 1,2/50 (8/20) Tr/Th µs Criterium: B(Control lines)2 kV (Common Mode)1 kV (Differential Mode)

1,2/50 (8/20) Tr/Th µs Criterium: B(AC power)4 kV (Common Mode)2 kV (Differential Mode)

Reference: EN 61000-4-5 - if technical possible

Remark:

• If technical possible for high current lines.• The possibility of a single phase injection is accepted (second part of safety functions).• Only to be performed on ESA, when the machine itself has no common protection for surge,

neither there is a global protection at the installation level of the plant.

4.5.5. Injected current

Safety functions: Level: 0.15 - 80 MHz Criterium: A10 V (rms, unmodulated - CM)80 % AM (1 kHz)150 Source impedance Ω (modulated)

Other functions: Level: 0.15 - 80 MHz Criterium:A10 V (rms, unmodulated - CM)80 % AM (1 kHz)150 Source impedance Ω (modulated)

Remark:

• The possibility of an injection clamp instead of CDN’s is accepted.• See also 4.5.2. for the application of an extended frequency range.


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4.5.6. Power frequency magnetic field

Safety functions: Level: 50 Hz Criterium: A30 A(rms)/m

Other functions: Level: 50 Hz Criterium: A30 A(rms)/m

Remark:

• Small coils as specified in EN 55103-2 (Electromagnetic compatibility - Product familystandard for audio, video, audio-visual and entertainment lightning control apparatus forprofessional use - Part 2: Immunity) are also accepted.

4.5.7. Voltage fluctuations, dips and interruptions

Safety functions: Level: -100/- 60 % reduction Criterium: A50 / 100 ms

30 / 60 % reduction A for 10 ms `10 / 100 ms A for 100 ms

> 95 % reduction A5000 ms

Other functions: Level: -100/- 60 % reduction Criterium: C50 / 100 ms

30 / 60 % reduction B for 10 ms `10 / 100 ms C for 100 ms

> 95 % reduction C5000 ms

Reference: EN 61000-4-8 - if applicable (magnetic sensitive devices)

Reference: EN 61000-4-11 - if technical possible.

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Annex A: Informative annex (not mandatory)

A1. Alternative methods for conducted emission measurements at the main port

With reference to the proposed standard prEN 50217 and the proposed amendment to CISPR 22(and to EN 55022), the measurement of the common mode current is also accepted in order tocharacterise the conducted emission level at the mains terminal. The limit values are derived foruse with a Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN) which presents a common mode(asymmetric mode) impedance of 150 Ohm to the mains terminal under test. The conversionfactor is 20 log (150) = 44 dB, with an intermediate relaxation of 6 dB, giving 38 dB calculationfactor.The limits are given as Quasi Peak Detection limits (QPD).However, when Peak Detection (PD) measured values are below these limits, the system isdeemed to comply.

Table A1: Limits for conducted disturbance at the mains port

Frequency rangeMHz

LimitsdBµA











A2. Limits for conducted emission levels at the control ports.

With reference to the proposed standard prEN 50217 and the proposed amendment to CISPR 22(and to EN 55022), the measurement of the common mode current is also accepted in order tocharacterise the conducted emission level at the control and signal lines and ports.Both common mode (asymmetric mode) voltage and currents limits are given in the next table.The limit values for the common mode current are derived for use with an Impedance StabilizationNetwork (ISN) or Coupling/Decoupling Network (CDN) which presents a common mode(asymmetric mode) impedance of 150 Ohm to the mains terminal under test. The conversionfactor is 20 log (150) = 44 dB.The limits are given as Quasi Peak Detection limits (QPD).However, when Peak Detection (PD) measured values are below these limits, the system isdeemed to comply.

Table A2: Limits for conducted disturbance at the control signal lines and ports

Frequency rangeMHz

Voltage limitsdB (µV)

Current limitsdB (µA)

0,15 - 0,5 97 to 87 quasi peak84 to 74 average

53 to 43 quasi peak40 to 30 average



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A3. Limits for radiated emission above 1 GHz

With reference to a proposed amendment to CISPR 22 (and EN 55022), both tables andprocedures are given for the characterisation of systems for radiated emission, in the frequencyrange from 1 GHz to 18 GHzIt should explicitly noted that this information is still under discussion in the appropriatedtechnical committees, and can be changed in the near future.

Conditional testing procedure:

The EUT is tested below 1 GHz as described in the procedure.

If, in the band from 500 MHz to 1 GHz, all emissions are 10 dB below the limit and the 5th

harmonic of the highest internal source is lower than 1 GHz (i.e. higher source < 200 MHz), notesting above 1 GHz is required.

If not: the EUT is tested from 1 to 2.7 GHz with the limits of table A3 or A4.

If, in the band from 2 GHz to 2.7 GHz, all emissions are 10 dB below the limit and the 5th har-monic of the highest internal source is lower than 2.7 GHz (i.e. higher source < 540 MHz), noextra testing is required.

If not: the EUT tested from 2.7 GHz to 10.7 GHz with the limits of table A3 or A4.

If, in the band form 7 GHz to 10.7 GHz, all emissions are 10 dB below the limit and the 5th har-monic of the highest internal source is lower than 10.7 GHz (i.e. higher source < 2.14 GHz), noextra testing is required.

If not: the EUT is tested from 10.7 to 18 GHz with the limits of table A3 or A4.

Table A3: Limits for radiated disturbance at a reference distance of 3 m.

Frequency rangeGHz

Peak limitdB(µV/m)

1 to 1.24 701.24 to 1.3 501.3 to 1.7 701.7 to 1.92 501.92 to 10.7 7010.7 to 18 85

Table A4: Limits for radiated disturbance at the measurement distance R

Frequency rangeGHz

dB(µV/m) Peak limit

1 to 1.24 80 11.24 to 1.3 60 11.3 to 1.7 80 11.7 to 1.92 60 11.92 to 10.7 80 12.7 to 10.7 86 0.510.7 to 18 101 0.5

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