Embryology of urogenital system - FK UNISSULA
Transcript of Embryology of urogenital system - FK UNISSULA
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Embryology of
Urogenital System
Meidona.N. Milla Department of Anatomy
Faculty of Medicine
Sultan Agung Islamic University
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Sasaran Pembelajaran
Setelah mengikuti kegiatan perkuliahan ini, mahasiswa dapat memahami dan menjelaskan tentang:
1. Overview embriologi umum dan germinal layers
2. Perkembangan Mesoderm
3. Perkembangan Sistem Urogenital
Sistem urinaria
Sistem genitalia
4. Kelainan kongenital pada sistem urogenital
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Masa 3 minggu pertama
Pembentukan:
Blastokista
Cakram bilaminer
Cakram trilaminer
Gastrulasi
Pelipatan badan dari lateral
Pelipatan kepala dan ekor
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Minggu I
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Minggu II
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Minggu III
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Perkembangan Mesoderm
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Perkembangan Sistem Urogenital
oDimulai pada minggu ke-4
oSistem Fisiologis : Sistem Urinaria dan Sistem Genital
oSecara embriologis sama-sama berasal dari mesoderm intermediate dan bermuara di kloaka
oTerletak di sepanjang dinding belakang rongga perut
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Urinary system
3 sistem ginjal pronefros, mesonefros, metanefros
Metanefros mulai nampak pada minggu ke-5
Ginjal berkembang dari 2 sumber:
- mesoderm metanefros membentuk satuan ekskresi ( glomerulus sampai tubulus contortus distal)
- tunas ureter membentuk satuan pengumpul
(system calyx, pyelum dan ureter)
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PRONEFROS
MESONEFROS
METANEFROS
rudimenter
awal fetus
ginjal tetap
GINJAL:
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Development of kidney
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Susunan Pengumpul Susunan Ekskresi
Tunas ureter (suatu penunjolan
Saluran mesonefros dekat
Muara ke dalam Kloaka
Menembus jaringan
metanefros
Calix mayor
Piala ginjal sederhana
Calix minor
Nefron (ujung proksimal)
Simpai bowman
Ujung distal
Tubulus contortus
proksimal
Jerat henle
Tubulus contortus
distal
Membentuk hubungan
Terbuka dengan
Saluran pengumpul
Ginjal
Tunas ureter
Mesoderm metanefros
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METANEFROS:
SUSUNAN EKSKRESI
& SALURAN
PENGUMPUL
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Clinical features
Polycystic kidney ( karena kelainan tubulus proksimal)
Unilateral or bilateral agenesis of the kidney ( karena degenerasi dini tunas ureter)
Ureter duplication ( karena pembelahan dini tunas ureter)
Pelvis kidney ( gagalnya ginjal bermigrasi dari panggul ke rongga perut)
Horseshoe kidney ( pertumbuhan kedua ginjal yang terlampau dekat menyatu di polus posterior)
A renalis asesorius ( menetapnya pembuluh darah embrional)
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Pelvic kidney & horseshoe kidney
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Polycystic kidney renal agenesis
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Ureter duplication a. renalis accesorius
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Vesica Urinaria dan Uretra
• Kloaka akan terbagi oleh septum urorectal menjadi sinus urogenital dan canalis analis ( minggu ke 4-7)
• Sinus urogenital terbagi menjadi 3:
1. bag. Teratas ( vesical part) v.u
2. bag. Tengah( pelvical part) uretra pars prostatica dan membranacea
3. bag bawah ( phallus part) uretra pars spongiosa
• Ductus ejaculatorius terbentuk dari ductus mesonefros yang masuk ke uretra pars prostatika
• Prostat terbentuk dari tonjol dari uretra pars prostatica yang menembus jar. Mesenkim di sekitarnya
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Cloaca division
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v3Tv86bITZ4&t=149s
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Clinical features
Bladder exstrophy
Urachal fistula
Cloaca exstrophy
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Bladder Exstrophy
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Cloacal Exstrophy
• Vesica urinaria terbagi menjadi 2 hemibladder
• Colon proximal buntu
• Dinding abdomen superior mengalami hypoplasia atau agenesis
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Genital system
•Terdiri dari : 1. gonad primitif, 2. ductus genitalis 3. genetalia eksterna
Awalnya indiferen sel benih primordial menjadi pemicu
berkembangnya kelenjar kelamin: ovarium / testis
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1. Gonad Primitif
• Gonad primitif bermula dari rigi gonadal
• Germ cell primordial tampak mula2 di sekitar endoderm di dinding yolk sac bermigrasi sepanjang mesenterium dorsal gonad primitif
• Testis berkembang di bawah pengaruh testosteron
• Korda genital primitif berproliferasimenembus medulla testis & korda medullaris membentuk saluran2 yg berkembang mnjadi rete testis terpisah oleh tunica albugenia
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• Korda testis membentuk tubulus seminiferus
bergabung membentuk ductus efferenrete
testis bergabung dengan saluran dari ductus
wolfii/mesonefros ductus defferen
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Corda TESTIS
RETE TESTIS
rete testis dipisahkan dari epitel permukaan oleh tunika albuginea
TALI TESTIS:
DEFERENSIASI KELAMIN ( Laki-laki) Corda KELAMIN INDIFEREN
TUBULI SEMINIFERI
SEL PRIMORDIAL
SEL SERTOLI PUBER
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TUBULI SEMINIFERI
RETE TESTIS
DUCTULI EFERENTES
SALURAN WOLFF
DUCTUS DEFERENS
SEL LEYDIG BERKEMBANG DARI MESENKIM
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LAKI-LAKI:
TAHAP INDIFEREN
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LAKI-LAKI:
TAHAP DIFERENSIASI
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2. Ductus genitalis
•Berawal dari 2 pasang ductus genital:
ductus mesonefros (ductus wolfii ) :
membentuk epididimis, vesica seminalis, ductus defferen dan ductus ejaculatorius
ductus paramesonefros ( ductus mullerian) :
membentuk appendix testis
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3. Genitalia externa
•Berkembang di bawah pengaruh androgen
•Berawal dari tuberculum genital yang memanjang phallus
•Phallus memanjang membentuk urethral
groove urethral plate penile urethra
terbentuk lumen dan muara keluar meatus
urethra exsternus
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Corda KELAMIN INDIFEREN SUMSUM OVARIUM
SEL BENIH SEDERHANA OOGONIA
TAHAP INDIFEREN
PERKEMBANGAN SISTEM GENITAL WANITA
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WANITA
TAHAP DIFERENSIASI
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FASE INDIFEREN:
- SALURAN MESONEFROS
- SALURAN PARAMESONEFROS
DIFERENSIASI SALURAN KELAMIN:
HORMONAL
MIS = MULLERIAN INHIBITING SUBSTANCE
DUCTUS GENITALIS
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ANDROGEN: PERTUMBUHAN PENIS PERTUMBUHAN URETRA PARS CAVERNOSA PENYATUAN SCROTUM PERKEMBANGAN PROSTAT & VESICULA SEMINALIS
SAL. MESONEFROS (WOLFF): DUCTULI EFERENTES DUCTULI EPIDIDYMIS DUCTUS DEFERENTES
SAL. PARAMESONEFROS: DEGENERASI APPENDIX TESTIS
:
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RAHIM ESTROGEN:
PERKEMB. SAL. PARAMESONEFROS PERKEMB. LABIA MAJOR & MINOR PERKEMB. CLITORIS PERKEMB. VAGINA
SAL. PARAMESONEFROS: SAL. TELUR = OVIDUCT SAL. RAHIM = UTERUS, CERVIX,
SEBAGIAN VAGINA
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VAGINA: ASAL:
JAR. PARAMESONEFROS (1/3 ATAS) JAR. BULBUS SINOVAGINALIS (2/3 BAWAH)
HYMEN (SELAPUT DARA): BATAS ANTARA RONGGA VAGINA DAN SINUS UROVAGINALIS
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TAHAP INDIFEREN:
MEMRANA CLOACALIS:
MEMBRANA UROGENITALIS
MEMBRANA ANALIS
TUBERCULUM GENITALE: BAKAL
PENIS / CLITORIS
ALAT KELAMIN LUAR:
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ALUR + LIPATAN URETRA = URETRA PARS CAVERNOSA HYPOSPADIA: lipatan uretra tidak menutup sempurna EPISPADIA : ~ hypospadia di bag. dorsal (penis terbelah)
LABIA MINOR LABIA MAJOR VESTIBULUM
LAKI-LAKI:
PEREMPUAN:
LIPATAN URETRA TIDAK BERSATU TONJOLAN KELAMIN ALUR UROGENITALIS TERBUKA
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Gonad Indiferen (Mesoderm Intermediet)
Testis Ovari
Sel Leydig Sel Sertoli
Testosteron
Dihydro testosteron
Anti-Mullerian Duct Hormone
(AMH)
Epididymis, Vas Deferens,
Seminal Vesicle
Duktus Wolf
Tuberkulum Genitale
Penis
Estrogen
Glandula Mamaria
Duktus Mulleri
Uterus, Oviduk, Serviks, Vagina Bag. Atas
Kromosom Y Penentu Testis
Sel Teka Sel Granulosa
Breast Tissue
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Clinical Features ( Male)
HIPOSPADIA : penyatuan lipatan uretra tidak sempuna
EPISPADIA : muara erethra terdapat pada dorsum
penis MIKRO PENIS : perangsangan androgen tidak
cukup untuk menumbuhkan genitalia eksterna
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MiIkropenis
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Decencus Testiculorum ( minggu ke- 34)
Testis turun ke arah penonjolan scrotum dengan mengikuti
“arahan” dari gubernaculum
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Undecensus testiculorum-kriptochirmus
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ABNORMALITAS ( wanita):
- UTERUS DIDELPHYS
- UTERUS ARCUATUS
- UTERUS BICORNIS
- UTERUS BICORNIS UNICOLLIS
- ATRESIA CERVIX
- ATRESIA VAGINA
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End of Today’s Lecture
Any Question….?