Embracing Performance in Today's Multi-Platform Macrocosm

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Embracing performance in today’s multi-platform macrocosm

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BARBARA BERMESSenior Architect (Moblie Web)Digital OperationsCanadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC)

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Before we get started...

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CANADA!

Canadian Broadcasting Corporation

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National public radio and television broadcaster

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Kind of like the NPR

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Kind of like the NPR but not really - the CBC employs commercial advertising to supplement its federal funding

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Large internal and external digital ecosystem

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3 mobile websites

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3 mobile websites11 iOS, 3 Android, 5 Blackberry, 3 Windows apps

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Desktop site page views ~5Mio/day



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Mobile Touch site page views ~ 500K/day



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Mobile Touch site page views ~ 500K/day

News app page views ~1Mio/day



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PERFORMANCEWHY THE NEED FOR SPEED?

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Overestimating wait times for rides

Hidden lineups

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S L O W

Perception of Speed

FAST

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S L O W

Perception of Speed

Unpleasant

FAST

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S L O W

Perception of Speed

Unpleasant

Unknown

FAST

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S L O W

Perception of Speed

Unpleasant

Unknown

Boring

FAST

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S L O W

Perception of Speed

Unpleasant

Unknown

Boring

Task is successful

FAST

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S L O W

Perception of Speed

Unpleasant

Unknown

Boring

Task is successful

Responsive System

FAST

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S L O W

Perception of Speed

Unpleasant

Unknown

Boring

Task is successful

Responsive System

FAST

Informed about progress

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“Ultimately performance is about respect”

BRAD FROST

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Macrocosm

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Macrocosm

Operating systems and platforms

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Macrocosm


Browsers

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Macrocosm


Browsers

Internet service providers

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Macrocosm


Browsers


Cellular providers

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Macrocosm


Browsers


Cellular providers Internet connections and speed

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Macrocosm


Browsers


Cellular providers Internet connections and speed

Devices

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We are multi-screeners in amulti-platform macrocosm where context drives our device choice

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CBC’s MOBILE REALITYAND JOURNEY

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FACTS & WISHLIST

• Maintenance of several different code bases

• Slow news app

• Device and OS fragmentation

• Every content area wants to build their own app

• News broadcaster: Be able to push new features to apps as soon as possible (without review process)

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• Maintenance of several different code bases

• Slow news app

• Device and OS fragmentation

• Every content area wants to build their own app

• News broadcaster: Be able to push new features to apps as soon as possible (without review process)

Faster�� load�� time

More�� frequent�� releases

Many�� apps�� with��

limited�� budget

FACTS & WISHLIST

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Foster the idea ofbuild once publish to many

Many�� apps�� with�� limited�� budget

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HOW?

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HTML5 vs. Native(Not again....!)

It depends...

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HTML5 vs. Native

“Comparing an HTML5 application’s performance with a native App is comparing a tailored suit with one bought in a shop”

Chris Heilmann

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HTML5 + NATIVE = HYBRID

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HTML5 + NATIVE = HYBRIDMarriage of web technology and native execution

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Downloadable app, stored on the device

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Downloadable app, stored on the device

Runs all or some of its user interface in an embedded browser component

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WEBSITEWITH NATIVE WRAPPER

GOAL

More�� frequent�� releases

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BEFORE THE HYBRID JOURNEY BEGINS

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SET EXPECTATIONS AND RULES

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RULES OF THUMB

NATIVE AS A PROGRESSIVEENHANCEMENT STRATEGY

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1. Perfect Ratio

2. Admit web is not native

3. Be flexible

4. Learn from others

5. Follow native design guidelines

6. Define supported devices

7. Setup performance budgets

8. Web performance

RULES OF THUMB

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WITH NATIVE WRAPPERWEBSITE

GOAL

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FOCUS ON MAKING (MOBILE) WEB FASTWITH NATIVE WRAPPER

GOAL

Faster�� load�� time

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PERFORMANCE ON MOBILE

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Battery-driven


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Battery-driven Small CPU/GPU


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Network connectivity and latency


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Network connectivity and latency

Data usage


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REDUCE HTTP REQUESTS

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EACH HTTP REQUEST COSTS AROUND 200MS

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• Reduce HTTP requests

• Avoid latency issues as much as possible

• Only load what is needed

CONCEPT

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TECHNIQUES

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CONCATENATE AND MINIFY ASSETS

HTTP REQUESTS TECHNIQUES

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MAKE USE OF DATA URI FOR IMAGES


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USE ASYNCHRONOUS MODULE DEFINITION (AMD)


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SINGLE PAGE APPRELOAD ONLY PIECES OF PAGE


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FOCUS ON MAKING (MOBILE) WEB FASTWITH NATIVE WRAPPER

GOAL

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FAST SINGLE PAGE APPWITH NATIVE WRAPPER

GOAL

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HYBRID ARCHITECTURE

In�� Development

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Native Layer (Java, Objective C, ...)

Hybrid Layer (communication between native and web)

Web Layer (HTML5, CSS, JS, MVC frameworks, custom libraries)

Backend LayerServer, CDN (ESI, SSI, Java, Apache, CGI, Perl, PHP)

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• JSON feeds (content source and configuration)

• Using content delivery network (CDN)

• Edge Side Include & SSI (device, native/web detection)

• PHP (server-side ads implementation)

BACKEND LAYER

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WEB LAYER

jQuery

can.JS(MVC)

Modernizr (AMD)

CBC libscomtower

Other libs e.g.Detectizr, FTscroll

Data URIs SASS

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conditional�� styling

conditionallibrary�� loading

concatenation�� and�� minification

concatenation�� and�� minification

AMD AND MORE

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data�� uri�� encoded

data�� uri�� encoded

DATA URI IMAGES

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Web (Frontend) Layer (HTML5, CSS, JS, MVC frameworks, custom libraries)


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• Communication protocol between native to web (bi-directional)

• Inspired by communication + CN Tower = ComTower

• JavaScript sending messages to native app inside iFrame as “the window to the app”

• App executing JavaScript functions inside the webpage

COMTOWER

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Startup:HTTP Header set via native app

$(HTTP_CBC_COMTOWER) =TRUE

comtower call

JavaScript callback

1

e.g. native sharing

e.g. app version

Web<iframe/>

2

NativeComTowerDelegate

3

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Web (Frontend) Layer (HTML5, CSS, JS, MVC frameworks, custom libraries)


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WebViewhttp://anyURL

WEBVIEW

http://anyURL

http://anyURL

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HOW DO WE BUILD?

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BUILD WEB APPImplementation of framework

Common elements (CSS, JS)

Platform specific CSS and JS

Framework

App specific widgets (not shared with other apps)

App specific styles

App

concatenated, minified, compiled

Maven build + SVN externalspulling in files from both modules

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FOCUS ON PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION DURING BUILD

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Maven and Plugins

AUTOMATED BUILT-IN PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION

• Closure Compiler (Google)

• Minify-maven-plugin

• HTMLCompressor for html

• Integrated performance checks

• Confess based on Phantom JS

• compass for data URI

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Compiled to point to hybrid URL

BUILD NATIVE APP

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NEWS APPRATIO IOS

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Navigation (Menu and horizontal sub navigation)Pull to Refresh

Push Notifications

Sharing Tools

Send your News

70:30

Offline

FavoritesMore...

WEB NATIVE Lineups

Stories and story swiping

Photo Galleries

Video & AudioBreaking News Ticker

Business Ticker

Weather

Tracking

Ads

IOS

??? ???

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NEWS APPRATIO ANDROID

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100:0 App launcher

WEB NATIVE Lineups

Stories and story swiping

Photo Galleries

Video & AudioBreaking News Ticker

Business Ticker

Weather

Tracking

Ads

ANDROID

More...

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WEB ONLY

Weather

Ads

Lineups

Galleries

COMMON AND NEWS SPECIFIC ELEMENTS

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WEB AND NATIVE

Web�� fed�� by��

menu�� JSON

Native�� fed��

by�� same��

menu�� JSON

NAVIGATION

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CHALLENGES

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• New technologies

• New CMS (re-thinking content)

• 3rd party content supported but NOT optimized

• Mobile ads and tracking strategy

• Balance between supporting and optimizing different browsers (Android fragmentation)

• Testing

CHALLENGES

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• New technologies

• New CMS (re-thinking content)

• 3rd party content supported but NOT optimized

• Mobile ads and tracking strategy

• Balance between supporting and optimizing different browsers (Android fragmentation)

• Testing

CHALLENGES

It’s�� hard!

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IOS WRAPPER APP Things to watch out for

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WEBKIT CSSbody { /* Disables the default callout shown when you touch and hold a touch target */ -webkit-touch-callout: none;

/* Overrides the highlight color shown when the user taps a link */ -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0,0,0,0);}

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COMTOWER DROPPING CALLS

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COMTOWER DROPPING CALLSQUEUE

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JAVASCRIPT ENGINE INSIDE IOS WEBVIEW IS SLOWER THAN DEFAULT SAFARI

BUMMER!

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0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

IE9/Win 7

Chrome24/Win 7

Firefox 18/Win 7

Opera11.61/Win 7

Safari/iOS 5/iPad 3

Safari/iOS 6/iPhone 4S

Chrome 24/Android 4.2.1/Nexus 4

Silk/KindleFire

IE 8/Win 7

WebView/iOS 6/iPhone 4s

WebView/iOS 5/iPad 3

tim

e (m

s)

Bad

Good

JAVASCRIPT PERFORMANCE ON VARIOUS PLATFORMS

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TAKE AWAYSPERFORMANCE MULTI-PLATFORM

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• Performance is especially important for battery-driven, smaller CPU devices


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• Each HTTP request costs around 200ms


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• Automate performance optimization


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• Use AMD for conditional loading based on features and devices


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• Native = tailored suitHTML5 = one bought in a shop


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• Hybrid


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• Hybrid

• Native components as progressive enhancement strategy


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• Hybrid


• Set expectations and rules when going hybrid


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• Hybrid


• Set expectations and rules when going hybrid

• Strict focus on mobile web performance


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THANK YOUQUESTIONS?http://bit.ly/bdconf-perf-macrocosm

More�� info�� under�� follow-up�� blog�� post�� (including�� slides)

http://bit.ly/bdconf-perf-macrocosm

http://bit.ly/bdconf-perf-macrocosm

Embracing Performance in Today's Multi-Platform Macrocosm

Technology

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