EMBRACE Local Oscillator distributor EMBRACE (Electronic Multi-Beam Radio Astronomy ConcEpt) has...
1
EMBRACE Local Oscillator distributor EMBRACE (Electronic Multi-Beam Radio Astronomy ConcEpt ) has been planned as about 300 square meters aperture array with multiple large independent Field of View (FoV) capabilities. The final design foresees two main steering beams and incorporates 220 double conversion receivers (figures 1 and 2). This implies the system needs two LO (Local Oscillator) distribution networks. In figure 3 a sketch of the planned LO distribution networks within the racks in the Westerbork Array Test Station (WATS) container is shown. The central rack contains three synthesizers: beams A and B have distinct first variable LOs and a common fixed second LO. +24V C D C S U B -R AC K C D C S U B -R AC K C D C S U B -R AC K C D C S U B -R AC K S y nthesizer S M A 100A w ith B 22 OUT Amplifier ITE M 2 IN OUT +Vcc GND LPF ITE M 3 IN OUT S plitter ITE M 5 IN O1 O2 IN O1 O2 S plitter ITE M 6 IN O1 O2 O3 O4 IN O1 O2 O3 O4 Term ina tion ITE M 9 Te rm ination ITE M 9 S plitter ITE M 6 IN O1 O2 O3 O4 IN O1 O2 O3 O4 Term ina tion ITE M 9 Te rm ination ITE M 9 R ohde & S chw arz +14 dB m A m com A M 003040S F -2H M ini-C ircuit VLF -3000 M ini-C ircuit Z N 2P D 2-63+ M ini-C ircuit A N N E -50L+ M ini-C ircuit A N N E -50L+ M ini-C ircuit Z N 4P D 1-50+ M ini-C ircuit A N N E -50L+ M ini-C ircuit Z N 4P D 1-50+ M ini-C ircuit A N N E -50L+ ITE M 1 C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard C D C b o ard S plitter ITE M 5 IN O1 O2 IN O1 O2 S plitter ITE M 7 IN O1 O8 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6 O7 O9 O 11 O 12 O 13 O 14 O 15 O 16 O 10 IN O1 O8 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6 O7 O9 O 11 O 12 O 13 O 14 O 15 O 16 O 10 S plitter ITE M 7 IN O1 O8 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6 O7 O9 O 11 O 12 O 13 O 14 O 15 O 16 O 10 IN O1 O8 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6 O7 O9 O 11 O 12 O 13 O 14 O 15 O 16 O 10 M ini-C ircuit Z N 2P D 2-63+ R E N AIS S A N C E 1 0 A 3 B B D -16 S R E N AIS S A N C E 1 0 A 3 B B D -16 S CENTRAL RACK CDC SUB-RACK G. Bianchi 1 , J. Morawietz 2 , S. Mariotti 1 , F. Perini 1 , M. Schiaffino 1 , Dion Kant 2 1 INAF-IRA (I), 2 ASTRON (NL) Fig.1. EMBRACE receiver block diagram. Fig.2. EMBRACE receiver board. Fig.3. Racks within the WATS container. .4. LO cascaded splitter architecture “Christmas trees”. In order to obtain an extremely precision measure of the additive phase noise, we used the Agilent E5500 Phase Noise Measurement Subsystem (figure 5). After the set-up phase, where the instrumental noise has been measured, the additive phase noise of the mixer driver (an HMC480ST89 amplifier from Hittite) was measured at 2850 MHz (maximum input frequency of the system). The phase noise contribution of the amplifier is very low: in comparison to the instrumental noise, we can observe only a negligible noise increment; less than 10 dB for each frequency point. Then we measured the additive phase noise due to the whole Christmas tree. The result is reported in the figure 6, where phase noise value, less than 0.03 degreeFig.5. Phase noise test bench. Fig.6. Additive phase noise comparison measure. -180 -160 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000 F re q u e n cy [H z] L(f)[dB c/H z] Am plifieradditive phase noise Instrum ental noise C hristm as tree additive phase noise Putting a synthesizer at the beginning of the Christmas tree we have measured the absolute phase noise of the whole chain. In this case, a Wiltron 68159B at 2850 MHz was used. In figure 7 is reported the measure of the phase noise of the Wiltron synthesizer alone and the measure of the Wiltron synthesizer plus the Christmas tree chain. As we expected, there is an undetectable difference between the two cases. Therefore, the main contribution of the phase noise is due to the synthesizer: in order to minimize the phase noise, a good synthesizer is In some of the other racks are contained the CDC receivers (Control and DownConversion board). Since EMBRACE works as a phased array, it’s extremely important to guarantee the same phase relation among the CDC receivers. For that reason, to distribute the LOs from the synthesizers to the receiver boards, a Christmas tree architecture has been planned for each LO chains (figure 4). It is very important that the amplifiers into the LO Christmas tree architecture do not increase the phase noise. Some measures of the effect of the phase noise due to the amplifiers have been performed, in particular: 1) Additive (residual) and absolute phase noise. 2) AM to PM conversion to measure the phase modulation. Fig.7. Absolute phase noise comparison measure. Conclusions: For moderate gain Amplifiers like the models tested, the Added Phase Noise, Jitters and Phase Error (due to both exogenous and endogenous causes) are very small and typically one or more order of magnitude less than the phase noise generated by other elements of the radio receiver chain. -160 -140 -120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000 100000000 Frequency [H z] L(f)[dB c/H z] W iltron synthesizer W iltron synthesizer+ C hristm as tree The phase modulation (PM), due to the amplitude variation, was generated driving the PA (Power Amplifier) under test (HMC480ST89) with a strong enough amplitude variation (in order to excite the non-linear region). For the AM to PM conversion measurement, a HP 8753C network analyzer (power sweep mode) has been used. Test and analysis has been conducted in L and S band. Figure 8 shows the phase of S21 vs input power. In order to find an indicative quantity to evaluate the AM to PM conversion, the ΔΦ/ΔPower has been calculated. As may be seen in the figure 9, the typical value of ΔΦ/ΔPower is 0.2…0.4 [°/dBm]. -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 Inputpow er [dB m ] Phase [° deg] S21 (degrees) dPhase/dPower Fig.9. ΔΦ/ΔPower. Fig.8. AM to PM conversion of PA
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Transcript of EMBRACE Local Oscillator distributor EMBRACE (Electronic Multi-Beam Radio Astronomy ConcEpt) has...
EMBRACE Local Oscillator distributor
EMBRACE (Electronic Multi-Beam Radio Astronomy ConcEpt) has been planned as about 300 square meters aperture array with multiple large independent Field of View (FoV) capabilities. The final design foresees two main steering beams and incorporates 220 double conversion receivers (figures 1 and 2). This implies the system needs two LO (Local Oscillator) distribution networks.
In figure 3 a sketch of the planned LO distribution networks within the racks in the Westerbork Array Test Station (WATS) container is shown. The central rack contains three synthesizers: beams A and B have distinct first variable LOs and a common fixed second LO.
+2 4 V
C D C S U B -R A C K
C D C S U B -R A C K
C D C S U B -R A C K
C D C S U B -R A C K
S y n t h e s ize rS M A 1 0 0 A w it h B 2 2
O U T
A m p lif ie rI TE M 2
I N O U T
+Vcc
GN
D
L P FI TE M 3
I N O U T
S p lit t e rI TE M 5
I N
O 1
O 2I N
O 1
O 2
S p lit t e rI TE M 6
I N
O 1
O 2
O 3
O 4
I N
O 1
O 2
O 3
O 4
Te rm in a t io nI TE M 9
Te rm in a t io nI TE M 9
S p lit t e rI TE M 6
I N
O 1
O 2
O 3
O 4
I N
O 1
O 2
O 3
O 4
Te rm in a t io nI TE M 9
Te rm in a t io nI TE M 9
R o h d e & S c h wa rz+1 4 d B m
A m c o mA M 0 0 3 0 4 0 S F -2 H
M in i-C irc u itV L F -3 0 0 0
M in i-C irc u itZ N 2 P D 2 -6 3 +
M in i-C irc u itA N N E -5 0 L +
M in i-C irc u itA N N E -5 0 L +
M in i-C irc u itZ N 4 P D 1 -5 0 +
M in i-C irc u itA N N E -5 0 L +
M in i-C irc u itZ N 4 P D 1 -5 0 +
M in i-C irc u itA N N E -5 0 L +
I TE M 1
C E N TR A L R A C K
C D C b o a rdC D C b o a rdC D C b o a rd
C D C b o a rdC D C b o a rdC D C b o a rdC D C b o a rdC D C b o a rdC D C b o a rdC D C b o a rdC D C b o a rdC D C b o a rdC D C b o a rdC D C b o a rd
C D C b o a rd
C D C b o a rd
C D C b o a rd
C D C b o a rd
C D C b o a rd
C D C b o a rd
C D C b o a rd
C D C b o a rd
C D C b o a rd
C D C b o a rd
C D C b o a rd
C D C b o a rd
C D C b o a rd
C D C b o a rd
C D C b o a rd
C D C b o a rd
C D C b o a rd
C D C b o a rd
S p lit t e rI TE M 5
I N
O 1
O 2I N
O 1
O 2
S p lit t e rI TE M 7
I N
O 1
O 8
O 2O 3O 4O 5O 6O 7
O 9
O 1 1O 1 2O 1 3O 1 4O 1 5O 1 6
O 1 0I N
O 1
O 8
O 2O 3O 4O 5O 6O 7
O 9
O 1 1O 1 2O 1 3O 1 4O 1 5O 1 6
O 1 0
S p lit t e rI TE M 7
I N
O 1
O 8
O 2O 3O 4O 5O 6O 7
O 9
O 1 1O 1 2O 1 3O 1 4O 1 5O 1 6
O 1 0I N
O 1
O 8
O 2O 3O 4O 5O 6O 7
O 9
O 1 1O 1 2O 1 3O 1 4O 1 5O 1 6
O 1 0
M in i-C irc u itZ N 2 P D 2 -6 3 +
R E N A I S S A N C E1 0 A 3 B B D -1 6 S
R E N A I S S A N C E1 0 A 3 B B D -1 6 S
CENTRAL RACKCDC SUB-RACK
G. Bianchi 1, J. Morawietz 2, S. Mariotti 1, F. Perini 1, M. Schiaffino 1, Dion Kant 2
1 INAF-IRA (I), 2 ASTRON (NL)
Fig.1. EMBRACE receiver block diagram. Fig.2. EMBRACE receiver board.
Fig.3. Racks within the WATS container.
Fig.4. LO cascaded splitter architecture “Christmas trees”.
In order to obtain an extremely precision measure of the additive phase noise, we used the Agilent E5500 Phase Noise Measurement Subsystem (figure 5). After the set-up phase, where the instrumental noise has been measured, the additive phase noise of the mixer driver (an HMC480ST89 amplifier from Hittite) was measured at 2850 MHz (maximum input frequency of the system). The phase noise contribution of the amplifier is very low: in comparison to the instrumental noise, we can observe only a negligible noise increment; less than 10 dB for each frequency point. Then we measured the additive phase noise due to the whole Christmas tree. The result is reported in the figure 6, where an extremely low integrated phase noise value, less than 0.03 degree, was found. Fig.5. Phase noise test bench. Fig.6. Additive phase noise comparison measure.
-180
-160
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000
Frequency [Hz]
L(f
) [d
Bc
/Hz]
Amplifier additive phase noise
Instrumental noise
Christmas tree additive phase noise
Putting a synthesizer at the beginning of the Christmas tree we have measured the absolute phase noise of the whole chain. In this case, a Wiltron 68159B at 2850 MHz was used. In figure 7 is reported the measure of the phase noise of the Wiltron synthesizer alone and the measure of the Wiltron synthesizer plus the Christmas tree chain. As we expected, there is an undetectable difference between the two cases. Therefore, the main contribution of the phase noise is due to the synthesizer: in order to minimize the phase noise, a good synthesizer is required!
In some of the other racks are contained the CDC receivers (Control and DownConversion board). Since EMBRACE works as a phased array, it’s extremely important to guarantee the same phase relation among the CDC receivers. For that reason, to distribute the LOs from the synthesizers to the receiver boards, a Christmas tree architecture has been planned for each LO chains (figure 4).It is very important that the amplifiers into the LO Christmas tree architecture do not increase the phase noise. Some measures of the effect of the phase noise due to the amplifiers have been performed, in particular:1) Additive (residual) and absolute phase noise. 2) AM to PM conversion to measure the phase modulation.
Fig.7. Absolute phase noise comparison measure.
Conclusions:For moderate gain Amplifiers like the models tested, the Added Phase Noise, Jitters and Phase Error (due to both exogenous and endogenous causes) are very small and typically one or more order of magnitude less than the phase noise generated by other elements of the radio receiver chain.
-160
-140
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000 100000000
Frequency [Hz]
L(f
) [d
Bc/
Hz]
Wiltron synthesizer
Wiltron synthesizer + Christmas tree
The phase modulation (PM), due to the amplitude variation, was generated driving the PA (Power Amplifier) under test (HMC480ST89) with a strong enough amplitude variation (in order to excite the non-linear region). For the AM to PM conversion measurement, a HP 8753C network analyzer (power sweep mode) has been used. Test and analysis has been conducted in L and S band. Figure 8 shows the phase of S21 vs input power. In order to find an indicative quantity to evaluate the AM to PM conversion, the ΔΦ/ΔPower has been calculated. As may be seen in the figure 9, the typical value of ΔΦ/ΔPower is 0.2…0.4 [°/dBm].
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
-10 -5 0 5 10 15
Input power [dBm]
Ph
ase
[ °
deg
]
S21 (degrees)
dPhase/dPower
Fig.9. ΔΦ/ΔPower.
Fig.8. AM to PM conversion of PA
