embex-part-2-Embedded-Systems

8/3/2019 embex-part-2-Embedded-Systems

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Embedded Systems Training & SkillsDevelopment Program

Embex Technologies

Private Limited


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Agenda

1. Introduction About Embex Mission

Objective Operating Model

1. Embedded System What is Embedded System Embedded Domains Current Industry Trends

1. Embex in Academic Training Training Plan Example Projects

1. Embex in Industry: Products & Solutions Embedded Projects Instumentation Projects


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Embedded System

1. Embedded System

What is Embedded System Embedded Domains

Current Industry Trends (Technology & Job

Market)


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EMBEDDEDSYSTEMS


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What is Embedded System?


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Embedded systems (ES) = information processingsystems embedded into a larger product


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General featuresGeneral features

This is a system which has closely coupled hardware andThis is a system which has closely coupled hardware and

software to perform specific function.software to perform specific function.

This is a part of larger system that may not be computerThis is a part of larger system that may not be computer

This can be a stand alone system with minimal re-This can be a stand alone system with minimal re-programmability while in application.programmability while in application.

Works in a reactive and time constrained environment.Works in a reactive and time constrained environment.


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Characteristics of Embedded Systems

Must be dependable,

Reliability R(t) = probability of system working correctlyprovided that is was working at t=0

Maintainability M(d) = probability of system working

correctly d time units after error occurred.

Availability A(t): probability of system working at time t

Safety: no harm to be caused Security: confidential and authentic communication

Even perfectly designed systems can fail if the assumptions

about the workload and possible errors turn out to be wrong.

Making the system dependable must not be an after-thought, it

must be considered from the very beginning

Must be dependable,

Reliability R(t) = probability of system working correctlyprovided that is was working at t=0

Maintainability M(d) = probability of system working

correctly d time units after error occurred.

Availability A(t): probability of system working at time t

Safety: no harm to be caused Security: confidential and authentic communication

Even perfectly designed systems can fail if the assumptions

about the workload and possible errors turn out to be wrong.

Making the system dependable must not be an after-thought, it

must be considered from the very beginning


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Application areas

1. Automotive electronics

2. Aircraft electronics

3. Trains

4. Telecommunication


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Application Areas

7. Authentication7. Authentication

6. Military applications6. Military applications

5. Medical systems

e.g. artificial eye

5. Medical systems

e.g. artificial eye


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Application areas

8. Consumer

electronics

8. Consumer

electronics


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Application areas

10.Smart buildings10.Smart buildings

9. Fabrication equipment9. Fabrication equipment


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Application areas

11.Robotics11.Robotics


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Embedded systems from real life

Typical embedded solution

Integrates several technologies: Radio transmissions

Sensor technology

Magnetic inductance for power Computer used for calibration

Impossible without the computer

Meaningless without the electronics

Typical embedded solution

Integrates several technologies: Radio transmissions

Sensor technology

Magnetic inductance for power

Computer used for calibration

Impossible without the computer

Meaningless without the electronics


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1. Smart Beer Glass

8-bit, 8-pin8-bit, 8-pin

PIC processorPIC processor

CapacitiveCapacitivesensor for fluidsensor for fluid

levellevel

Inductive coil forInductive coil for

RF ID activation &RF ID activation &

powerpower

CPU and reading coil in the

table. Reports the level of fluidin the glass, alerts servers

when close to empty

Contact lessContact lesstransmissiontransmission

of power andof power and

readingsreadings


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Multiprocessor

8-bit/32-bit for UI; DSP for signals

32-bit in IR port; 32-bit in Bluetooth

8-100 MB of memory

All custom chips

2. Mobile Phones and Base Stations


Massive signal processing Several processing tasks per

connected call

Based on DSPs

Standard or custom 100s of processors

Massive signal processing Several processing tasks per

connected call

Based on DSPs

Standard or custom 100s of processors


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User interface

Embroidery patterns Touch-screen control

Smart Sets pressure of foot depending on

task Raise foot when stopped

New functions added by

upgrading the software

3. Sewing Machine



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Multiple processors Up to 100

Networked together

4. Cars

Functions by embedded

processing: ABS: Anti-lock braking

systems

ESP: Electronic stability

control

Airbags

Efficient automatic gearboxes

Theft prevention with smart

keys

Blind-angle alert systems

... etc ...

Functions by embedded

processing:

ABS: Anti-lock braking

systems

ESP: Electronic stability

control

Airbags

Efficient automatic gearboxes

Theft prevention with smart

keys

Blind-angle alert systems

... etc ...



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Functions requiringcomputers: Radar

Weapons

Damage control

Navigation basically everything

Computers: Large servers

1000s of processors

5. Extremely Large



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Custom processors

Graphics, sound 32-bit processors

IR, Bluetooth

Network, WLAN

Harddisk

RAID controllers

8-bit processors USB

Keyboard, mouse

6. Inside Your PC



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Detailed Examples

Microwave Oven

Washing MachineAir Conditioner

Blood Pressure Monitor Block Diagram


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Example 1: Microwave Oven


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Role of embedded

Let the user choose recipe from keys, e.g.

Power, time to cook, predefined recipe.

Switch on the Magnetron (source of microwave:

> 300Mhz radio frequency)

Rotate tray by motor driver

Buzzer indication of process complete

Interlock: Steam temperature sensor: trip if

temperature rises higher than tolerable limit.


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Example 2: Washing Machine
http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.supplierlist.com/photo_images/22687/washing_machine.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.supplierlist.com/product_view/jnhitone/22689/100640/washing_machine_6kg.htm&h=1341&w=997&sz=80&tbnid=XgPACW8-D6z_mM::&tbnh=150&tbnw=112&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwashing%2Bmachine%2Bpicture&hl=en&usg=__rdxhiC24m_C40Iqv2YP6wWR1pGQ=&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=3&ct=image&cd=1http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.supplierlist.com/photo_images/22687/washing_machine.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.supplierlist.com/product_view/jnhitone/22689/100640/washing_machine_6kg.htm&h=1341&w=997&sz=80&tbnid=XgPACW8-D6z_mM::&tbnh=150&tbnw=112&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dwashing%2Bmachine%2Bpicture&hl=en&usg=__rdxhiC24m_C40Iqv2YP6wWR1pGQ=&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=3&ct=image&cd=1


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Role of embedded

Motor control: Direction, speed with switching

of thyristorsDisplay control

Water level control

Volume control

Interlock for door: Dont run motor if door

open

Temperature control


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Example 3: Air Conditioner
http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Air_conditioner.svg/800px-Air_conditioner.svg.png&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Air_conditioner.svg&h=597&w=800&sz=92&tbnid=bhpODMH8GTb53M::&tbnh=107&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dair%2Bconditioner%2Bpicture&hl=en&usg=__cXWnwpnpvldszYKzV0RWIxjyWrY=&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=4&ct=image&cd=1


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Role of embedded

Compressor control & external fan control

Temperature control Power mode management

Remote control management


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Example 4: BP Monitor


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Blood Pressure Monitor Block Diagram

Courtesy Texas Instruments
http://focus.ti.com/docs/solution/folders/print/310.htmlhttp://focus.ti.com/docs/solution/folders/print/310.htmlhttp://focus.ti.com/apps/docs/viewdevices.tsp?blockDiagramId=2006&blockId=2370&designOptionId=5200&appId=310http://focus.ti.com/apps/docs/viewdevices.tsp?blockDiagramId=2006&blockId=2375&designOptionId=520&appId=310http://focus.ti.com/docs/solution/folders/print/310.htmlhttp://focus.ti.com/apps/docs/viewdevices.tsp?blockDiagramId=2006&blockId=2376&designOptionId=5207&appId=310http://focus.ti.com/docs/solution/folders/print/310.htmlhttp://focus.ti.com/apps/docs/viewdevices.tsp?blockDiagramId=2006&blockId=2377&designOptionId=5208&appId=310http://focus.ti.com/apps/docs/viewdevices.tsp?blockDiagramId=2006&blockId=2378&designOptionId=5209&appId=310


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The blood pressure monitor

Pressure cuff, pump, and transducer to measure blood

pressure and heart rate in three phases Inflation,

Measurement, and Deflation (details later in case studies) LCD, selection buttons, memory recall, power management,

and USB interface.


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Core subsystems of an embedded

system

Processor/Memory - The digital pressure measurement andheart rate are performed by the microprocessor. Measurementsresults are stored in EEPROM or FLASH memory as a data log

that can be uploaded to a PC via USB. User Interface - allows user to control the pressure

measurement process and read the results on LCD display. Sensor Interface - allows the processor to control the cuff

inflation/deflation and sense blood pressure which is amplifiedby instrumentation amplifiers and digitized by the A/D.

Power Conversion - converts input power from the alkalinebattery to run various functional blocks.


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Overview

of

Embedded System

Domains


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EMBEDDED DOMAINS


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Air bags control Anti lock Braking System (ABS) Engine control Tyre pressure monitoring Climate control Automatic Parking Collision Avoidance System

Driver Information & Navigation System Light, Door and Seat control Keyless Entry

AutomotiveApplications


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Properties of Automotive Electronics

Distributed Control Points

Multi-controller

Multi-bus hardware platform High safety!

Real-time requirements e.g. Airbags

Sensor conditioning: Temperature, Pressure, Humidity,

Distance, Speed, Night Vision,


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Embedded in your car!


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Companies in AutomotiveOEMs (Original Equipment Manufacturers)

Vehicle Manufacturers & Component Manufacturers


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Companies in Automotive

Embedded Solution Providers


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Companies in Automotive

Software Tools & Semiconductor


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Example 1: Automatic Parking

Sensor


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Example 2: Range & Speed

Measurement

Sensor


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Example 3: Night/Fog Vision

Sensor


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Process control: Control of chemical plant, oil refinery etc.

SCADA (Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition- PC controls& monitors smaller controllers mounted in field)

Plant automation: Computer Numeric Control Machines,robots for manufacturing

Safety Interlocks: safety systems to avoid life and materialhazard, like plant shutdown if gas leaks.

Industrial Automation Applications


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Properties of Industrial Automation

Solutions

Distributed RTUs (Remote Terminal Units: small controllers)

Master-Slave / Multimaster architecture

Longer distance communication links (RS-485, Optical Fiber, RF -

wireless)

Data integrity crucial (One data bit = One open/close valve, One wrongbit can cause hazard)

Timing constraints somewhere: Action on an input taken quickly, like

plant shutdown if gas leaks.


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Companies in Industrial Automation

Emerson

HoneywellABB

Rockwell Automation

Yokogawa

L&T

Mitsubishi


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Example-1: Warehouse

Managing storage and

Protecting material

Security and safetyDevices

Access control

Authorization


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Example-2: ManufacturingEverywhere


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Consumer Electronics Applications

Automatic Washing Machine

Microwave Oven

Air-conditioning System Home-security & burglar alarm

Audio / Music system

DVD (Digital Versatile Disk), Video players

Mobile, Modem,


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Data intensive applications

Fast processing required

Portability is important

Power sensitive design

Cost effectiveness required

User friendly operation essential

Properties of Consumer

Electronics


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Companies in Consumer Electronics

Samsung

LG

Sony

HP

Apple

Videocon Philips

And many more..


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Medical Applications

Patient Monitoring: Blood Pressure monitor (BPM)

Clinical Treatment: Dialysis machine

Diagnostic Imaging: MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), CT(Computer Tomography) scan

Hospital Networking and Information Systems.


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Properties of Medical Electronics

Accuracy: no error tolerable

Reliability: results should be genuine

Conformance with standards: Low Electromagnetic radiation,no hazardous components etc.

Fail safe: should work 24x7

Efficient data management: information about patient is crucial

Redundancy: there should be a backup system if main system

fails


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Trends in Diagnostic and monitoring


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Companies in Medical Electronics

Johnson & Johnson

Siemens Stryker

Citizen

Transasia Biomedicals


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Office Automation

Avaya

Cisco IBM

HP

Tenovis

Dell


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Mobile & Wireless

Nokia

SamsungMotorola

HTC

Blackberry

iBall

D-link


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Storage

Sandisk

Seagate Transcend

Kingston

LG

HP


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Other Embedded System Companies

Texas Instruments

National Instruments

AMD

AMCC

Renesas

ST Microelectronics BEL

Atmel


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Jobs in Embedded Systems

Hardware Design Chip design (VLSI)

Board design

Board testing and debugging

Circuit design

EDA tools development (software)


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Firmware development Device Driver development

Board Support Package (BSP) development BIOS development

Protocol development

Embedded Operating System design &

development RTOS design and development

RTOS porting on different processors


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Software Development Embedded System Simulation (e.g. Simulink)

PC driver development (e.g. Hard Disk Driver)

Networking protocol stack development

Mobile applications development (e.g. Windows

Mobile, Symbian based applications) EDA tools development (e.g. Cross compiler

design)

embex-part-2-Embedded-Systems

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