Embedding IPv6Margaret Wasserman

Principal Technologist, Wind River

Co-Chair IETF IPv6 and IPv6 Operations WGs

Internet Society (ISOC) Trustee

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What is and Embedded System

• An embedded system is any computer-based system that isn’t a computer

• Network and communications infrastructure

• Consumer devices -- phones, digital cameras, etc.

• Aerospace and defense equipment

• Industrial control and factory automation

• Medical equipment

• Planes, trains and automobiles

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Embedded IPv6 Opportunities

• Third Generation cell phones• 3GPP multi-media subsystem is exclusively IPv6

• Consumer connectivity• Billions of connected devices will require more address space

• Major vendors are integrated IPv6 into connected devices

• Peer-to-Peer Applications• Internet telephones and video phones, peer-to-peer gaming

• Mobility and Adhoc Networks• Handheld and mobile devices

• Self-organizing networks -- homes, cars, personal area networks

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Challenges for Embedded Software

• Memory footprint -- BOM cost and battery life

• Limited configuration ability

• Must work whether or not Internet connected

• Security and Privacy

• Reliability• Of the device

• Of the infrastructure thatsupports using the device

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The Next Internet Wave

Mainframes Office Desktop Home Desktop Phone/PDA Consumer Devices

Costs Include: Manufacturing cost plus required customer support

Number of Units

Cost

Home security, entertainment, car infotainment, personal area

networks, health monitors...

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The Benefits of IPv6

• IPv6 delivers two huge benefits for embedded deployment:

Larger Address Spaceand

Address Autoconfiguration

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The Real Costs of NAT

• Why do we need more addresses when we have NAT?

• NAT has several real costs:• NAT makes the network less resilient and less reliable

• Presents a single point of attack or failure for many connections

• Undermines the effectiveness of dynamic routing and adaptive retransmission

• NAT stifles innovation in applications and services• Interferes with peer-to-peer connections, forcing a third-party service

model on inherently two-party applications

• Blocks inbound connections, eliminating the possibility of accessing in-home devices from remote locations

• NAT prevents the use of end-to-end IP-level security• Generally resolved by the use of VPN tunneling technology

• Even without NAT, IP Security deployment would be seriously limited by key distribution issues

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The Real Costs of Configuration

• Low cost consumer devices have special configuration needs• May have no mechanism for external configuration

• Need to come up and work, right out of the box

• Any configuration requirement significantly increases costs, due to support overhead and returns

• Must communicate when no ISP connection or router is available• Entertainment system components, home climate control systems, etc.

• May not have access to DHCP or other servers

• Any required configuration would substantially increase the complexity and cost

• Need to supply a configuration interface

• Need to support user configuration of the device

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Enabling a Ubiquitous Internet

• IPv6 address autoconfiguration allows nodes to communicate on the network with no manual or server-based configuration

• Link-local communication is enabled when routers are not present

• No requirement for input devices, management interfaces or end-user configuration support

• Further autoconfiguration work is underway in the IETF

• IPv6 will make ubiquitous Internet connectivity affordable and practical

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Wind River’s IPv6 Program

Routing Protocols

PPP/PPPoE

IP Security and IKESNMP/WindManage

Applications

• Wind River is Committed to be the Leading Provider of High Quality IPv6 Products for Embedded Devices

• Available now as separate components, roadmap includes IPv6 in PLATFORM CD later this year

• IPv6 is more than just a TCP/IP stack …

Priority is on quality, features, and complete integration

WIND RIVER PLATFORMS

My Thoughts on the Future of IPv6

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Paths for IPv6 Deployment

• There are several paths leading to wide-scale IPv6 deployment• Government and defense programs driving deployment

• In Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Europe

and the U.S. !!• Internet growth driving a need for additional addresses

• As new markets join the Internet: China, India, South America, etc...

• Deployment of always-on Internet cell phones• Several standards under development: 3GPP, 3GPP2, etc…

• The development of IPv6-only consumer applications or services• Many under development in Japan, Korea and Taiwan

• All will eventually become real drivers for IPv6 deployment, but which happens first?

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Preparing for a Long Transition

• The transition from IPv4 to a shared IPv4/IPv6 network will be long and complicated

• IPv6 deployment will begin at different times indifferent parts of the network

• IPv6 may be deployed for specialized productsand services before native IPv6 is available frommany providers

• There may be operational or security issueswith layering a flat IPv6 architecture over aNAT-based IPv4 network

• Extensive use of tunneling is expected, to allow IPv6 connectivity to IPv4 networks, and vice versa

• The transition must be carefully planned and managed to avoid serious operational and security problems

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What Does the Future Hold?

• An IPv6-only Internet is NOT on the horizon• No driver to eliminate IPv4-only nodes and services

• Cost of dual-stack implementation is low

• A truly global, shared IPv4/IPv6 Internet is emerging• A realistic, scalable world-wide Internet

• Widely-used services are dual-stack IPv4/IPv6• Accessible from IPv4-only, IPv4/IPv6 and IPv6-only nodes

• Legacy services and applications are IPv4-only

• New IPv6-only applications and services • Consumer devices, peer-to-peer applications,

specialized applications

IPv6

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Enabling a Global Internet

• Huge Internet growth is expected in the next several years• One billion nodes in China

• Hundreds of millions of nodes in India

• Massive growth in other areas of the world

• We do not have enough IPv4 addressesremaining to support this growth

• NAT may work for a home or mid-sizedenterprise, but not for an entire country

• An IPv6 Internet will scale to supportbillions of users, each with hundreds orthousands of connected devices

• The Internet will continue to grow• Allowing people to communicate, and making people’s lives richer,

safer, longer, healthier and more convenient

Questions?