Embedded systems introduction
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EMBEDDED SYSTEMS INTRODUCTION
Discovery Embedded By:Sagar Patel1
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OUT LINE
• Embedded Systems.
• Real time Systems.
• Operating Systems.
Discovery Embedded By:Sagar Patel2
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Embedded System
• An embedded system is combination of
computer hardware and software which is
dedicated to particular application or product.
Discovery Embedded By:Sagar Patel3
• Embedded system is embedded as asubsystem in a larger system which may ormay not be a computer system.
“Embedded Systems are the electronics systems that contain a microprocessor or a Mu,but we do not think as computers-the computer is hidden or embedded in the systems.”
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Some Interesting Examples of Embedded systems:
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Product: Sonicare
Elite toothbrush.
Microprocessor:8-bit
Has a Programmable
Speed Control ,Timer
&charge gauge.
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Product: vendo vue40vending machine
Microprocessor: Two16-bir Hitachi H8/300H Processors
A robot hand dispenses items
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Product: NASA's Twin Mars Rovers.
Microprocessor: Radiation Hardened 20Mhz Power Pc.
Commercial Real-Time OS
Software and OS was developed during Flight To mars and Downloaded using a Radio link.
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Product:Rsdiant systems Point-of-sale(POS)Terminal
Microprocessor: Intel X86 Celeron
Os:windows XP Embedded
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Product: Dresser Wayne Ovation iX Gas Pump.
Microprocessor: Marvel Xscale (ARM)
Os: Windows CE
Display video ads & is networked to gas station's back office computer systemes.also has remote maintenance features.
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Product: Bernina Artista 200 Sewing Machine
Microprocessor: Marvel Strong (ARM)
Os:windows CE
Can Download New images from the internet and sew them.
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It’s Different• Single –functioned
-Executes a Signal Program ,Repeatedly
• Tightly-Constrained-Low Cost,Memory,etc..-small Size(bytes)
• Low Power-Battery Power Devices-Increases systems cost in wall powered devices
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• Dedicated Systems
-Predefined functionality
-Programmability rarely used
• Reactive
-Continually reacts to change in the system’s
Environment.
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It’s Different
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What is a Real-Time Systems?
• A System is called real-time:
-whenever we need to quantitatively express in order to describe its behavior.
- After temperature exceeds 500 degrees coolant
shower must start within 100m sec.
• characteristics:-Every real-time task is associated with some time constraints, Deadline.
-Logical correctness of results and time at which they are produced.
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Types Of Real-Time Systems
• A tasks have deadlines associated with them.
• A classification based on consequence of a failure:
-Hard real-time systems.
-Soft real-time systems.
-Firm real-time systems.
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Hard Real-Time systems
• If a deadline is not met:-The systems is said to have failed.
• Many hard real-time system are safety-critical-Failure can cause severe damage(loss of life)-No fail-safe state.- Safety though increased reliability
• Examples:-Atomic Reactor Control-Aircraft control-Medical Equipments
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Firm real-time systems
• It define is missed occasionally
-systems dose not fail
-result produced by task after deadline are rejected.
- “Late answer are wrong answer.”
Examples:
-video played on computer.
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Soft Real-time systems
• The usefulness of a result degrades after its deadline, thereby degrading the system's quality of service.
• Soft real-time systems are typically used where there is some issue of concurrent access and the need to keep a number of connected systems up to date with changing situations.
Examples:- software that maintains and updates the flight plans
for commercial airliners.
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Introduction to Embedded System I/O Architectures
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Other Classification of ES
• Small Scale Embedded Systems.
– Use single 8 bit or 16 bit microcontroller
– Little hardware and software complexity
– Embedded software IDE is specific to processor
– Software has to fit in given memory
– Power consumption is limited
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Medium scale embedded system
– Single or few 16 bit, 32 bit microprocessor
– DSP or ARM is used
– Both hardware and software complexities
– C,C++, Visual C++, Java is popular for prog.
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Large scale embedded system
– Enormous hardware and software complexities
– Several processors/controllers are used
– FPGA, DSP, DSC, IP core on VLSI chip, ASIC is
used
– Hardware software or operating systems co-design is required
– Some critical functions are implemented in the
hardware (instead of software) to achieve speed
– Development tools available are costly
– Needs team work for development
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Operating Systems For Embedded
• Many of the components of the embedded systems are integrated on to a single chip. This concept is known as System on Chip (SOC) design.
Examples : 8051 projects, PIC uc based projects.
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List of OS for Embedded Systems• Symbian OS• iOS (a subset of Mac OS X)• Embedded Linux
– Maemo based on Debian deployed on Nokia's Nokia 770, N800 and N810 Internet Tablets.– MeeGo merger of M– oblin and Maemo– webOS from Palm, Inc., later Hewlett-Packard via acquisition, and most recently at LG Electronics through
acquisition from Hewlett-Packard[4]
– OpenZaurus– Ångström distribution– Familiar Linux– Android
• Inferno (distributed OS originally from Bell Labs)• PenPoint OS• PEN/GEOS on HP OmniGo 100 and 120• PVOS• Palm OS from Palm, Inc; now spun off as PalmSource• Windows CE, from Microsoft
– Pocket PC from Microsoft, a variant of Windows CE.– Windows Mobile from Microsoft, a variant of Windows CE.– Windows Phone from Microsoft,
• DIP DOS on Atari Portfolio• MS-DOS on Poqet PC, HP 95LX, HP 100LX, HP 200LX, HP 1000CX, HP OmniGo 700LX• Newton OS on Apple Newton Messagepad• Magic Cap• NetBSD• Plan 9 from Bell Labs
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Why an OS at all?
• Same reasons why we need one for a traditional computer.
• Not all services are needed for any device.
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Large variety of requirements and environments:
•Critical applications with high functionality (medical application, space shuttle,..)
•Critical applications with small functionality (ABS, pace marker…)
•Not very critical applications with varying functionality (PDA,Phone,Smart Cardmicrowave often, …)
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Why is a desktop OS not suited?
• Monolithic kernel is too feature reach.
• Monolithic kernel is not modular, fault-tolerant, configurable, modifiable, … .
• Takes too much space.
• Not power optimized.
• Not designed for mission-critical applications.
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• Windows XP Embedded.
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Windows 7 Embedded
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QNX 4 RIOS
• The QNX 4 RTOS is developed by QNX Software Systems Ltd.
for the applications in consumer electronics, telecommunications, automotive systems, medical instrumentation which need high reliability,
superior performance, sophisticated functionality, and massive scalability.
• PlatformsIntel 8088, x86, MIPS, PowerPC, SH-4,ARM, StrongARM, Xscale
• A number of design innovations were developed for QNX 4 RTOS to deliver the full performance of the hardware.
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QNX 4 RIOS
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Embedded Linux• Linux has become popular on embedded devices—especially
consumer gadgets, telecom routers and switches, Internet appliances and automotive applications.
• It is easy to slim down the operating environment by removing
utility programs, tools, and other system services that are not needed in an embedded environment.
• It is more encouraging that the Linux code is widely available
portable to any processor.
• Linux doesn't require the user to pay license fees or royalties—
particularly important to developers of consumer
electronics, who have narrow margins.
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Embedded Linux
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Windows CE
• Windows CE is first introduced in the Handheld PC (H/PC) set of products in November 1996.
• Microsoft Windows CE (now officially known as Windows Embedded Compact and previously also known as Windows Embedded CE
• Several advantages for Windows CE includes a subset of the Win32, low overhead device driver model and built-in power management.
• The application of Windows CE includes consumer electronics like
handheld PC, Auto PC, video game player and digital camera, and industrial products like barcode reader and programmable logic controllers.
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Windows CE
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Programming language in embedded
• Assembly.
• Embedded C.
• Embedded Bascom
• Java
• Embedded Pascal
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