Embedded Controller Programming 1 - HTEhte.com/uconline/ecp/ecp101.pdfEmbedded Controller...

Embedded Controller Programming 1

Copyright 1999-2004 Ken Arnold 1



Instructor - Ken [email protected]

Week 1:

Introduction and

Getting Started

These are the course notes to accompany the UCSD Extension class:Embedded Controller Programming I: Assembly Language Programming

FIRST send e-mail listing any e-mail addresses you would like to have class notices sent to:

[email protected] send an e-mail message to subscribe to the class discussion group by sending a message to: [email protected] with subject = subscribe

The class e-mail will consist of updates between meetings, Q&A, important notices, and interaction with the instructor and other students between classes.

Course web site: http://www.hte.com/uconline/ecp

programs/other files on the ftp site: ftp://ftp.hte.com/uconline/ecp

Ken Arnold [email protected] 858-679-1569 or 679-4821 (office)phone 858-335-9361 (mobile)fax 858-679-7569HiTech14260 Garden Road, Suite 2APoway, CA 92064-4972




ECP 1 and 2 Course OverviewInstructor & Student IntroductionsProcessor ArchitectureBasic Instruction SetIntroduction to the SDKHomework #1

Welcome to class!


Overview - ECP 1

uC Architecture and ProgrammingAssembly Language Programming8051 Memory Model and Memory Usage8051 Instruction Set8051 Hardware FeaturesOther Topics




Overview - ECP 2

Focus on ApplicationsLearning to use C for uC ProgrammingAdapting C to the uC environmentFocusing on Modular ProgrammingHandling Basic Peripherals

DisplaysSwitches/KeypadsMotors/Controls

Student Projects !


Administrative Stuff

Fill Out Student Forms Please !Send e-mail to [email protected] Format, Policy

Lecture, Demo, Homework, ProjectClass Web Page:http://www.hte.com/uconline/ecp

Grading4 HomeworkProblems - Due Week after Assigned !Programming Project, Comprehensive Final Exam

Be Here So We Can Start (and Finish) On Time !




Course Objectives

Microcontroller vs. Desktop PCFamiliarity with HardwareFamiliarity with ToolsHands-on Exposure RequiredLow Level Programming, InterfacingMicrocontroller ApplicationsPolite, Invisible computing!


Course Format

In-class: Lecture and demonstrations3 hours * 6 meetingsPlease Ask Questions!!

Outside of Class:Software Development Kit (SDK), Development Setup:

SDK, Prototyping, and Test Equipment




Resources

Software ToolsAssembler

HardwareSDK, Prototyping Board, Components

Support Web Siteshttp://www.hte.com/uconline

General Information


The Toaster Fable

The King Wants a New ToasterThe Pragmatic SolutionThe Politically Correct SolutionThe King Resolves the Conflict

Moral:CS emphasizes most general solutionEE emphasizes minimizing complexity




Instructor

Father of 5, age 6 to 24Preemptive Multi-tasking, Dynamic Priorities!

Wireless InnovationProduct Development and Manufacturing

UCSD Extended StudiesEmbedded Certificate Programs


Student Introduction

Your Name and Background

What Do You Do ?(i.e. - EE at XYZ Corp., etc..)

What Do You Want to Get out of This Class ?




What Is a Microcontroller ?

What Are They ?How Are They Used ?Basic FeaturesSizesFamiliesuC’s vs uP’s, DSP’s, PLD’s


µ Controller vs. µProcessor

µC Chip Includes:Central ProcessorProgram MemoryData MemoryI/O

Highly IntegratedLow CostSpecialized Architectures

µP Chip Includes:Central Processor

Separate Chips for:Central ProcessorProgram MemoryData MemoryI/O

Highest PerformanceHighest Cost!




Von Neumann Architecture

Single Memory for:ProgramsData

FamiliarMost FlexibleUsed in PCsSpeed Bottleneck:

Memory Interface


Harvard Architecture

Separate Memory for:ProgramsData

Advantages:FasterOverlap Transfers

Instruction FetchData Transfer

Can’t execute Data!




Bus Oriented Microcomputer


One Chip Microcontrollers

Advantages:Fewer chips requiredLower cost and smallerLower powerFewer connectionsMore user I/O pinsReliability is higherK.I.S.S.!

Disadvantages:Reduced flexibilityExpansion is limitedLimited performanceLimited I/ODesign compromised to fit everything on one chip




Hierarchy of Computer Design


Getting Specific...

In order to get into details, we must look into a specific processor architecture.What criteria were used to decide which architecture to use for this course?

A real device, in common useAvailability from multiple manufacturersFree and very low cost development tools available for student use




The 8051 Microcontroller

The most widely used microcontrollerMultiple sources, hundreds of variantsFree software development tools

AssemblerSimulatorC Compilers

Low cost hardware components and tools


The 8051 Family

Originally Designed by IntelIntroduced in 1980PCs Shipped in the Millions per YearBillions of 8051s shipped in one year

1B Sold just by one of the many manufacturersNew Variants Come out All the TimeOther Microcontrollers Ship in Billions/Year




Partial List of 8051 Vendors

IntelThe Original 8051The 80251 Family

Philips8051 Family VariantsThe 8051XA Family

Atmel20 Pin 89Cxx51 Family8051 Family Variants

Dallas SemiconductorHigh Speed VersionsNon Volatile SRAM

Analog Devices, CygnalTemic, ISSI, Matra, OKI, Siemens, SMC, SSI - and Many Others Too !!!IP Cores for ASICs

SynopsisMentor


Embedded Memory

Semiconductor Storage Implications of Storage Technology

Matching Technology to ApplicationRead-Write, Read-Only, Read-Mostly

Non-ideal Memory CharacteristicsAsymmetrical Read, Write




Memory Volatility

Volatile:Loses contents when power is removedUsed for temporary storage of changing values:

VariablesStacks

Non-Volatile:Retains contents after power lossUsed for permanent storage of:

ProgramsConstantsLook-up Tables


8051 Memory ArchitectureSeparate Memory Address Spaces for:

Programs - Non-volatileInternal ROMExternal EPROM

Data - VolatileExternal SRAMInternal RAM

General Purpose RegistersBit Addressable RegistersSpecial Function Registers




Simple 8051 Block Diagram


8051 uC Chip Block Diagram




8051 Instruction Set

Instructions:Data TransferArithmeticLogicalControl

Address ModesImmediateDirectIndirect

Examples:MOV A,90hADD A,#30hANL A,#0FEhCALL subroutine

Examples:MOV A,#30hMOV A,30hMOV A,@R0


8xC52 Program Memory

On-chip Code MemoryNon-volatileDifferent types:

80C52 = Mask ROM87C52 = EPROM89C52 = Flash EPROM

External Code MemoryDesign DependentSDK has EPROM & SRAM




Program Memory Usage

Processor executionBegins at location 0000h

(The “Reset Vector”)

Continues with next instruction

8x52 has 8K bytes of Internal Code Memory on-chip8x32 has NO code space on chipWhen Processor fetches externalinstructions, /PSEN pulses low


SDK Program Memory Map

ROM: 0000-3FFFhMonitor Program

RAM: 4000-User Program/XData

4000-BDFFhUser Programs and Data

Monitor DataReserved: BE00-BFFFhDO NOT Modify!Temporary Storage




Data Memory

External SRAMExternal chipTypically SRAM

Internal RAMGeneral Purpose RegistersBit Addressable RegistersSpecial Function Registers


Data Memory AddressesExternal Data 0000-FFFFhInternal Data 00-FFh

General Purpose 00-7FhG.P. Register BanksBit AddressableGeneral Purpose “Scratch Pad”

Indirect Access 80-FFhUse MOV @R0 or @R1

SFRs Direct 80-FFhOverlapped addressesDirect address MOV 00-FFhSpecial Internal Registers




Internal Data Memory

Registers R0..78 registers per bank4 Banks available

Bit AddressableGeneral PurposeSpecial Function Registers (SFRs)

Accumulator, I/OTimers, misc. registers


Bit Addressable Memory

Internal Data MemoryByte Addresses 20-2FhBit Addresses 00-7Fh

Allows individual bit operations:

MOV bits to/from CarrySETB sets a bit to 1CLR clears a bit to 0JB conditional jump




8051 Instruction Set

Instructions:Data TransferArithmeticLogicalControl

Address ModesImmediateDirectIndirect

Examples:MOV A,90hADD A,#30hANL A,#0FEhCALL subroutine

Examples:MOV A,#30hMOV A,30hMOV A,@R0


Simple 8051 Block Diagram




Development Tools

SoftwareTranslators

AssemblersCompilers

LinkersDebug Monitor

SDK Monitor ROM

Performance AnalyzersFind Execution Bottlenecks

HardwareIn-Circuit Emulators

Substitutes for CPU chipAllows seeing “inside” uC

Logic AnalyzerView Timing and Bus Cycles

Logic ProbeOscilloscopeLights and Beepers


Hardware Handling Issues

Precautions Regarding:Take Precautions against ESDAvoid Touching Contacts: Metal OxidationPower = heat and smoke

But Don’t Be Afraid!!SDKs are easy to fix and connect to probesSockets for all ICs, and are easily replacedUnlike surface mounted components!




Introduction to the SDK

Software Development Kit ConnectionsPower, Serial Port, ICE CableDocumentation available at: ftp://ftp.hte.com/uconline/ecp/sdkstuff/SDK Users manual: sdk31man.pdfSDK Schematic: sdk31sch.pdf

PC Setup, Software SetupCommon Problems


PC Software for SDK

Hyperterminal, MTTTY, or ProcommTerminal Emulator to connect to SDKCommand line monitor ROM on SDK

asm51 8051 Cross assembler translatesInput, 8051 source: *.asmOutput, Intel Hex object format: *.hexand listing file: *.lst




SDK Introduction

Demonstrate System SetupIntroduce SDK OperationCode Development CycleDownload and Test


SDK - Top View




Demonstration of SDK

Connecting the SDKEditing “Hello World” programAssembling programDownloading Hex file to SDKRunning the modified SDK program


SDK Power Connection




SDK Serial Connector


SDK Serial Cable

Red Stripe




Summary

IntroductionMicrocontroller ArchitectureMemoryInstruction Set IntroDevelopment ToolsSDK Intro


Homework Assignment

Setup SDK and SoftwareModify “Hello World” Program

Change output string to Hello <your name>Optional: Try other changes...

Increment Port 1 OutputsBlink an LED!Echo charactersPlay!!!




ReferencesSDK User’s ManualArnold, “Embedded Controller Hardware Design”Ayala, “The 8051 Microcontroller”Cook, "A First Course in Digital Electronics"Foster, “Real Time Programming”Gonick, “The Cartoon Guide to Physics”Horowitz & Hill, “The Art of Electronics”Wakerly, “Digital Design”Schultz, “C and the 8051” vol I and II

Embedded Controller Programming 1 - HTEhte.com/uconline/ecp/ecp101.pdfEmbedded Controller...

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