Embarq may 27 - best practices - amit bhatt
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Sustainable Transport: Best Practices
Amit Bhatt
Transportation Specialist
EMBARQ, The World Resources Institute Center for SustainableTransport
May 2010
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A successful urban transport system involves…Low travel times and travel costs for people and goodsEqual access to urban life opportunities (social services, education, health, recreation)Adequate support to desired form, size and density of the city-regionLimited impact on the environment: air/noise pollution; CO2 emissionsReduced impact on public health: fatalities and injuries from traffic accidents
London, England
London, England
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¿What to do?
Alternative 1: Capital intensive solutions
Give greater capacity to the road network to relieve congestionBuild massive rail transport systems (light rail- metro)
Alternative 2: Change paradigms
Give priority to non motorisedtransport and bus-based public transportRestrict indiscriminate automobile use
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Capital & Land intensive solutions:
highways
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Infrastructure solutions lead to greater automobile dependence
Source: INDICATORS OF TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY IN 37 GLOBAL CITIES, Jeff Kenworthy, Felix Laube, Peter Newman and Paul Barter, World Bank, 1997
Automobile dependence and Regional Economy
Reg
iona
l GD
P pe
r per
son
(USD
199
0)
Automobile Use (Km/year per person)
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Automobile dependent cities have more accidents
Cities of United States have 66% more deaths in traffic accidents per person than peer cities in Europe and Asia, and 123% more than Toronto
Accidentalidad
R2 = 0.5748
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000
Uso de Automóvil (Km por año por Persona)
Mue
rtes
en
Acc
iden
te d
e Tr
ánsi
to p
or 1
00, 0
00
Hab
itant
es
AustraliaEEUUTorontoEuropaAsia
Tendencia
Road Safety
Fata
litie
s in
Roa
d A
ccid
ents
per
100
,000
po
pula
tion
(199
0)
Automobile Use (Km/year per person)
Source: INDICATORS OF TRANSPORT EFFICIENCY IN 37 GLOBAL CITIES, Jeff Kenworthy, Felix Laube, Peter Newman and Paul Barter, World Bank, 1997
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Automobile dependent cities have low densities (occupy large extensions)
R2 = 0.4278
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Km Carro/Persona/Año (1995)
Pers
onas
/Hec
táre
a (1
995)
USAAU-NZCanadá
Europa Occ.Europa Or.
Africa
Asia Ingreso Bajo
Asia Alto Ingreso
América Latina
China
Medio Oriente
Source: J. Kenworthy "Transport and Energy Use: A Study of 84 Global Cities", 2003
Automobile Use (Km/year per person 1995)
Pers
ons/
Hec
tare
(199
5)
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Alternative Solutions for Sustainable Urban
Transport
Pedestrian and BicyclesPublic TransportationTransit Oriented Development Disincentives to Car UseCleaner and Cooler Fuels and Vehicles
http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/images/sidewalks/ps_rendering01.JPG
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Alternative solutions for sustainable transportLow costHigh impact: reduction of accidents, pollution and travel timesMore compact cities, socially integratedDevelopment of local industryFast implementation (3-5 years from the idea to implementation)
More attractive cities that ease location of businesses and professionals and urban development
Santiago
ManilaLondonSao Paulo
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1. Non motorised transportPedestrian and bicycle prioritiesRecovery of invaded public space Infrastructure constructionPromotion and incentivesSafe bicycle parkingRoad safety
LONDONPhotos: DHG
UTRTECH, THE NETHERLANDSPhoto: FPPQQ
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1. Non motorised transport
ALAMEDA EL PORVENIR, BOGOTAPhotos: FPPQQ
CARRERA 15, BOGOTAPhotos: IDU
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2. Disincentives to indiscriminate car useCongestion charging: Singapore, London, Sweden, SantiagoAdministrative measures (plate restrictions)Parking controlsTaxes (fuel, property)Citizens’ culture
Bogota, no car day
Bogota, Sunday Ciclovía
London
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3. Transit- oriented development (TOD)Local scale:
Nodes around stationsJoint development: residental + commercial + education + entertainmentDense Housing (3-4 floors) with generous public space
Helsinki Photo J. Kenworthy
Vancouver Photo J. Kenworthy
ZurichPhoto J. Kenworthy
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3. Transit- oriented development (TOD)
Source: IPUCC Curitiba, Brazil
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3. Transit- oriented development (TOD)Curitiba, Brazil
Source: http://www.curitiba-parana.com/arquitetura-urbanismo.htm
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4. Bus Systems
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4. Bus Systems
High qualityUser orientedFastReliableLow cost
Leeds, UK
Sao PauloCuritiba
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Bus systems are critical for energy independence in India
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1980 2000 2030: BAU 2030 FuelEff.
2030:TWW
2030: SUT 2030 ExtraEffort
EJ
Tota
l Del
iver
ed E
nerg
y
Rail
Buses
3 Wheelers
2 Wheelers
Cars
Schipper L. Banerjee I. and Ng W.S. “CO2 Emissions from Land Transport in India Scenarios of the Uncertain”, TRB Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, January 2009
27% Less Energy as compared with 2030 BAU
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It is possible for any city to transform itself into a sustainable city…
Bogotá, Colombia, 1998
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Bogotá has applied integrated policies for sustainable transport
Slid
es d
evel
oped
orig
inal
ly b
y D
ario
Hid
algo
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Results are extraordinary…Fu
ente
s: E
ncue
sta
Anu
al“B
ogot
á ¿C
ómo
Vam
os?”
ww
w.e
ltiem
po.c
om;
Total Public TransportTraditional Public TransportTransMilenioBRTS
Private (Car, Two Wheeler)
Active Transport (Walking, Bicycle)
Main mode of transport 1998-2009
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Fatalities have reduced 8% annually
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“The EMBARQ global network catalyzes environmentally and financially sustainable transport solutions to improve quality of life in cities.”
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Mexico City’s Metrobús is one of the largest bus rapid transit systems in the world.
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The mayor of MexicoCity campaigned ona platform ofexpanding Metrobúsfrom a one-lineoperation to acitywide networkof 10 lines.
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45 Km BRT System
450,000 passengers per day
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“It’s nothinglike driving,especially atrush hour wheneveryone’sleaving theoffice.”
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MacrobúsGuadalajara reduces travel times, prevents traffic accidents, and helps combat climate change.
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Macrobús Guadalajara, México
16 Km, 127,000 passengers/day
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The retrofit pilotproject demonstratedthat diesel particulatefilters, when combinedwith clean diesel, canreduce over 90 percentof the particulatematter emitted fromMexico City’s buses.
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EMBARQ’s study helped guideMexico City officialsin purchasingthe most cost-effective busesfor their fleet.
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Brazil containsnumerousburgeoning citiesthat are nowsuffering from thestandard problemsof growth.
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The EMBARQ BRT Simulator shows how small changes can make a big impact on cities planning newBRT corridors.
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Rio de Janeiro used EMBARQ software to evaluate a proposed BRT system for carrying potential visitors to the 2016 Olympic Games.
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Association for Latin American Bus Rapid Transit
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Sustainable transport not only combats climate change; it also improves public health.
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CTSS-Andinohelped remove720 highlypolluting shared taxicabs fromthe streets of Arequipa.
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By focusingon people, not cars, Arequipa can preserveits historic heritage.
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Reducing transportemissions is animportant goalbecause theynegatively impactpublic health andcontribute to globalclimate change.
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EMBARQestimates that ifIstanbul does notbegin to addresstransport-relatedair pollution,emissions coulddouble by 2015.
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The inter-continental BRT corridoreases congestion along the famous Bosphorus Bridge –one of the keytraffic bottlenecksin the city.
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“It seems tome it wouldhelp if thebuses couldhave theirown lane.”
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Launched inSeptember 2007,Istanbul’s bus rapidtransit corridoris now one ofthe most heavilytraveled BRT linesin the world.
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Millions ofIndians will soonjoin the middleclass and be ina position to buytheir first car.
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The national policysets the guidelinesfor cities that wantto receive fundingfor bus rapidtransit and othersustainable urbantransport projects.
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The winningbid solidified Indore's position as a model city for sustainable transport.
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Delhi's newbus corridor meets its key objectives,but there isstill room for improvement.
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Janmarg Ahmedabad, India
Main Advisor: CEPTSupport from ITDP, CAI, EMBARQ
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www.embarq.wri.org
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