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EM 7435 The United Nations (UN) Semester 2 2017

10ECTS Duration: 12 weeks

Friday, 11am-1pm

G16 ,

Coordinator: Dr Etain Tannam

e-mail: tanname@tcd.ie

Room: 201

Office Hours: Friday 1.30pm-2.30pm or email tanname@tcd.ie for appointment

Module Description The theme of this course is to provide an introduction to the United Nations, by providing an overview of its structure and its peace-keeping interventions, as well as examining UN reform. A key debate about the role of international organizations in maintaining peace is provided at the start of the course

Learning Outcomes By the end of this module, students should be able to:

On successful completion of this module students should be able to:

Evaluate the United Nations’ decision-making process

Evaluate the success of the UN in conflict resolution and peace-building

Apply international relations theory to cases of the United Nations and conflict resolution

Communicate arguments and positions clearly and effectively in both verbal and written form, based on evidence and critical reasoning.

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Teaching Method The teaching method on this course consists of a two-hour lecture/seminar format each week. Seminars begin in week 4.

Assessment

Assessment is by seminar presentation and a 4000 word essay. Essay and seminar topics are provided at the end of this outline. Seminars begin in week 3. Essay: 90% of mark Seminar presentation and attendance: 10% Essay deadline: April 19 2017, 5pm All assignments must be submitted via turnitin, a programme designed to detect plagiarism, used by Trinity. The “TurnItIn Student Quickstart guide” (3 pages) is available through the CAPSL (Centre for Academic Teaching and Learning) page on the TCD website. https://www.tcd.ie/CAPSL/students/integrity-plagarism/, or via CAPSL on trinity home page -under ‘services’. You will first need to register and create a user profile (see CAPSL guide above). The password for UN module is Geneva17 and the class id is 14369704 When you have registered for TurnItIn, you will be able to submit your essays electronically by following Step 2 to Step 6 of the Quickstart guide. You will also need to submit a hard copy of the essay to Mary Priestman, Executive Officer, International Peace Studies, by the essay deadline. Seminar Presentations: guideline The seminar presentation is a group presentation – 2, or 3 students work on it together and present it jointly to the class. Apart from week 3, you are divided into groups of 3 and must present a 2 page (A4) seminar presentation, similar to the format in PPC. Each presenter should deal with one aspect of the question and present on that and the presentation must end with 3 questions for the class to discuss. In preparing for the group presentations, students are asked to select one reading each from the reading list and summarise it with analysis in their presentation, making sure to focus on the seminar question. As in research methods, the content of the presentation is or assessed. You receive 5 marks for presenting and submitting the outline and 5 marks for attending 9 or more weeks of class.

Reading

There are no fixed readings for each topic. There is one introductory text listed for IR theory and one for the UN, for those who have not done International Politics before, or who need a refresher. There are readings on blackboard for each topic.

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Students are recommended to read at least one appropriate reading each week. Supplementary reading (to text books) is listed under each under each topic. Readings of particular importance are highlighted in bold. In addition, this module makes substantial use of on-line journals. These are accessed via the main TCD library catalogue web-page, under ‘e-journals’. In preparing for the group presentations, students are asked to select a reading each from the reading list and summarise it with analysis in their presentation, making sure to focus on the seminar question. Re. text books, Mingst and Karns, 2016 (on reading list) is most useful for this module.NB: Please use Mingst and Karns 2012, if 2016 edition has not arrived in library and also Weiss T. and Daws S., eds., 2008. Also, Koops J. MacQueen N. Tardy T. , Williams P. 2015, The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations, Oxford, OUP, is useful for some topics.

The following web-sites are also useful: United Nations Intellectual History Project (Jolly and Weiss), see http://www.unhistory.org/ Centre for UN Reform

Text Books NB: Most text books will be of relevance to each topic. Consult as appropriate IR Theory Introductory text: Harrison L. and Callan T. Key Research Concepts in Politics and

International Relations, London, Sage: see relevant concepts-in IR theory

Dunne T. Kurki M. Smith S., 2016, International Relations Theories: Discipline

and Diversity, Oxford, OUP Fourth Edition

Burchill S.,. and Linklater A., Devetak R., Paterson M., 2009, Theories of International Relations, Basingstoke, Palgrave Carlsnaes W., Risse, T., Simmons B., 2013, eds., Handbook of International Relations, London, Sage Reus-Smit C., and Snidal, D., 2008, Oxford Handbook of International Relations, Oxford, OUP UN Introductory text: Hanhimaki J. 2015, The United Nations: A Very Short

Introduction, Oxford, OUP

Mingst, K. Karns M. and Lyon L. 2016, The United Nations in the 21st Century, or

2012 version

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Weiss T. , Forsythe P., Coate R., and Pease K, 2016,

The United Nations and Changing World Politics

Eighth Edition (or use last edition, if not arrived yet) Weiss T. and Daws S., eds., 2008, The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations, Oxford, OUP Koops J. et al, 2016, Oxford Handbook of UN Peace-Keeping, Oxford, OUP, Weiss T. et al, 2016, The United Nations and Changing World Politics, Boulder, Westview Tannam E. 2014 International Intervention in Ethnic Conflict (London, Palgrave) Weiss T., Thakur, R., 2010, Global Governance and the UN An Unfinished Journey, Indiana Press Price and Zacher , 2004, The United Nations and Global Security Puchala, D., Coate R., Laaikainen, K., 2006, United Nations Politics, Prentice-Hall`

Lecture Schedule. Week 1. Why use international relations theory and UN history Week 2. IR Theory and UN Week 3. UN- institutional framework Week 4 The UN Security Council and Policy Process Week 5. The UN and Human Rights Week 6. The UN, Conflict Resolution and Peace-Building Week 7 . Reading Week: no lectures Week 8. UN and Balkans Week 9. UN Reform Week 10. Guest Lecture Week 11. Guest Lecture Week 12. Conclusion.

Lecture Topics and Reading.

Week 1. Why use international relations theory and UN history of the UN Wight, M., 1995, ‘Why Is There No International Theory?’, in Der Derian J.,

International Theory: Critical Investigations, ch. 1, pp. 15-36.

Gareis, S. 2012, The United Nations, 2nd Edition, London, Palgrave Macmillan, ch. 2

European Journal of International Relations, 2014, ‘Is Grand Theory Dead? Tannam , 2014, ch. 1 Morganthau H., ‘The Intellectual and Political Functions of Theory’, in Der Derian J.,

International Theory: Critical Investigations, ch. 2, pp. 36-53.

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Keohane, R., & Nye, J., 2002, ‘Governance in a Globalizing World’, in Keohane, R., 2002, Power and Governance in a Partially Globalised World, London, Routledge, pp. 191-219.

Katzenstein, P.J., Keohane and Krasner S.. 1998, ‘International Organizations and the Study of World Politics, International Organization The UN-historical background and institutional framework Mingst and Karns, 2016, ch. 2, 3 Weiss, et al, 2016

Tannam, 2014, ch. 2

Gareis, S. 2012, The United Nations, 2nd Edition, London, Palgrave Macmillan, ch. 3 Weiss T., 2009, UN Ideas that Changed the World, Indiana Press Weiss T., Thakur, R., 2010, Global Governance and the UN An Unfinished Journey, Indiana Press United Nations Intellectual History Project (Jolly and Weiss), see http://www.unhistory.org/ Luard E., 1989, History of the United Nations, Basingstoke, Macmillan Week 2. IR Theory and the UN Neo-Realism Carlsnaes W., Risse, T., Simmons B., 2013, chapters 11, 9 World Politics, special issue on unipolarity,. Vol. 61, no. 1, January 2009 and International Security, 95/96, vol. 19, no. 3, articles by Mearsheimer, Keohane and Martin and Wendt British Journal of Politics and International Relations, special edition, May 2009.vol. 11, issue 2 Ikemberry J., Mastanduno, M., Wohlforth W., 2009, ‘Introduction: unipolarity, state behaviour and systemic consequences’, World Politics, vol. 61, no. 1, pp.1-27 Jervis R., 2009, ‘Unipolarity: a structural perspective’, World Politics, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 188-213 Mearsheimer J., 2001, The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, Norton Bull H., 2002, The Anarchical Society, Cambridge, CUP Waltz K., Man,.State and War, 1982 Gilpin R., 1983, War and Change in World Politics, Cambridge, CUP Jervis, R., 1999, ‘Realism, Neoliberalism and Cooperation: understanding the debate’, International Security, Summer, pp. 42-63 Nexon D.,2009, ‘The Balance of Power in the Balance’, review article, World Politics, vol. 61, no. 2, pp. 330-359 Constructivism

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Carlsnaes W., Risse, T., Simmons B., 2013, chapter 5 Fearon, J. and Wendt A. 2002, ‘Rationalism v. Constructivism: A Skeptical View’, in Carlsnaes, W., ed. Handbook of International Relations, pp. 52-72. Finnemore M. and Sikkinkj, 1998, ‘International Norm Dynamics and Political Change’, International Organisation, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 887-917. Nissen and Pouliot ‘Power in practice: Negotiating the international intervention in Libya’ European Journal of International Relations December 2014 20: 889-911, first published on January 29, 2014 Ruggie J. 1998, ‘What Makes the World Hang Together? Neo-utilitarianism and the Social Constructivist Challenge, International Organisation, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 855-885. Institutionalism/regime theory Carlsnaes W., Risse, T., Simmons B., 2013, ch. 13, ch. 9 Keohane R., 2002, Power and Governance in a Partially Globalized World, London, Routledge Keohane R., 2005, After Hegemony, Princeton, PUP Keohane R., and Nye J., 2001, Power and Interdependence, 5th edition International Organization, 2005, special edition on institutionalism Keohane, R., 1995, ‘International Institutions: Two Approaches’, in Der Derian, J.,

International Theory: Critical Approaches, ch. 11, pp. 279-308 KEOHANE, R., Macedo S., Moravcsik A., 2009, ‘Democracy-Enhancing Multilateralism’,

International Organization, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 1-31 Baldwin D., Neo-Liberalism and Neo-Realism: the contemporary debate, Jervis, R., 1999, ‘Realism, Neoliberalism and Cooperation: understanding the debate’, International Security, Summer, pp. 42-63 Week 3. UN Structure/Institutional Framework Mingst K., and Karns M., 2016, The United Nations in the 21st century, Boulder, Westview Tannam, 2014, extract on blackboard Williams A. and Mengistu B. 2015, ‘An exploration of the limitations of

bureaucratic organizations in implementing contemporary peacebuilding’, Cooperation and Conflict, March 2015 50: 3-28

Wiseman G., 2015, ‘Diplomatic practices at the United Nations’ Cooperation and Conflict, April 13, 2015 Haack K. 2014, ‘Breaking Barriers? Women’s Representation and Leadership at the United Nations’, Global Governance, vol. 20, 1, pp. 37-54 Weiss T. et al, 2014, The United Nations and Changing World Politics, Boulder, Westview (some copies in Hodges Figgis) Weiss T., Thakur, R., 2010, Global Governance and the UN

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An Unfinished Journey, Indiana Press Weiss T. and Daws S., eds., 2008, The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations, Oxford, OUP Week 4. The Security Council and UN policy process UNSC:

Luck E. (2011) The UN Security Council: Practice and Promise (London: Routledge) on order

Malone D.M. 2008, ‘Security Council’, in Weiss T. and Daws S. eds., The Oxford Handbook on the United Nations, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 117-136.Karim, M., 2011, ‘Constructing Security Council Resolution 1701 for Lebanon in the Shadow of the ‘war on Terror’, International Peacekeeping, Feb 2011, vol. 18, no. 1

Dionigi F. 2014, ‘pp. 287-

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Bosco D. 2014, ‘Assessing the UN Security Council: a concert perspective’, Global Governance, vol. 20, 4, pp. 545-563

Malone D., 2004, The UN Security Council: from Cold War to 21st Century, NY, carnegiecouncil.org Luck, Edward C., 2006, The UN Security Council : practice and promise, London, Routledge. Bailey Sydney, Daws S., The Procedure of the UN Security Council, Oxford, OUP Malone D., 1998, Decision-Making in the UN Security Council: the case of Haiti, Oxford, OUP pp. 4-20. Policy Process and UNSG and Envoys: On Norms and NGO Lobbying:

Rietig K. 2016, ‘The Power of Strategy: Environmental NGO Influence in International Climate Negotiations’, Global Governance 22, pp. 269–288

On Non-Permanent Members on UNSC:

Langmore J. and Farrall J. 2016, ‘Can Elected Members Make a Difference in the UN Security Council? Australia’s Experience in 2013–2014’, Global Governance 22 (2016), 59–77, Global Governance 22 (2016), 41–58

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Kenkel K. and Stefan C. 2016, ‘Brazil and the Responsibility While Protecting Initiative: Norms and the Timing of Diplomatic Support’, Global Governance 22

(2016), 41–58

On UNSGs: Karlsrud, J. 2013, ‘Special Representatives of the Secretary-General as Norm Arbitrators? Understanding Bottom-up Authority in UN Peacekeeping’, Global Governance, Vol. 19 Issue 4, pp. 525-544. Hall N. 2016, ‘A Catalyst for Cooperation: The Inter- Agency Standing Committee and the Humanitarian Response to Climate Change’ Global Governance 22 (2016), 369–387

Tannam, E. 2014, Conclusion

SilkeWeinlich, 2014 The UN Secretariat’s Influence on the Evolution of

Peacekeeping

Gowan , R. 2012, ‘Less Bound to the Desk": Ban Ki-moon, the UN, and Preventive Diplomacy’ , Global Governance, Oct-Dec Vol. 18 Issue 4, pp. 387-404. On General Assembly and Multilateralism:

Kmec V. 2016, ‘The establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission: reflecting power shifts in the United Nations’, International Peacekeeping, Published online: 02 Nov 2016 Pages 1-22 http://dx.doi.org.elib.tcd.ie/10.1080/13533312.2016.1250628

Week 5. The UN and Human Rights Weiss et al, 2014, chs 6 and 7 Mertus J., 2009, The United Nations and Human Rights, Oxford, OUP Forsythe D., 2006, 2nd edition, Human Rights in International Relations, Cambridge CUP Wolman A. 2014, ‘Welcoming a New International Human Rights Actor? The participation of subnational human rights institutions at the UN’, Global Governance, vol. 20: 3, pp. 4370459 Donnelly Jack, 1998, International Human Rights: a regime analysis, Cambridge, CUP Donnelly Jack, 2004, Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice RJ Vincent, Human Rights and International Relations, Cambridge, CUP Vreeland J., ‘Political Institutions and Human Rights: Why Dictatorships Enter into the United Nations Convention Against Torture’, International Organization, 62, Winter 2008, 65-1-1012 Ruggie J. 2014, ‘Global Governance and New Governance Theory: lessons from business and human rights’, Global Governance, vol. 20: 5, pp. 5-17 Week 6. The UN, Conflict Resolution and Peace-Building

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Koops, J. MacQueen N. Tardy T. Williams P. (eds.), 2014, Oxford Handbook on United Nations Peacekeeping Operations, Oxford: Oxford University Press Koops J. and Tercovich G ed. 2016, ‘A European Return to UN Peacekeeping?’, International Peacekeeping, Special Edition, vol. 23, no.5 Mingst and Karns, 2012, ch. 4 Weiss et al, chs. 3, 4, 5 Gareis, S. 2012, The United Nations, 2nd Edition, London, Palgrave Macmillan, ch. 4 Tannam, 2014, chapter 3 Diehl, P. 2008, Peace Operations, Cambridge, Polity R2P:

Paris, R. 2014, The ‘Responsibility to Protect’ and the Structural Problems of Preventive Humanitarian Intervention’, International Peacekeeping, October 2014

Paris, R. 2015, ‘Responsibility to Protect: The Debate Continues’ , International Peacekeeping, Published online: 26 Mar 2015.

International Peacekeeping, Response to Paris, (various authors) 2015,

Hehir Aiden and Robert Murray 2013, Libya, the Responsibility to Protect and

the Future of Humanitarian Intervention Bellamy A. and Williams P. 2012, ‘Principles, Politics, and Prudence: Libya, the Responsibility to Protect, and the Use of Military Force’ Global Governance, Vol. 18 Issue 3, pp. 273-297 Case Studies McGinty R. 2011, International Peacebuilding and Local Resistance Hybrid Forms of Peace, Basingstoke, Palgrave, chapters, 5, 6, 8 (on international peacebuilding in Afghanistan, Lebanon and Iraq)

Malito D. 2016, ‘Neutral in favour of whom? The UN intervention in Somalia and the Somalia’, International Peacekeeping, on-line http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2016.1250626

Weiss T. 2011 ‘RtoP Alive and Well after Libya’ Ethics & International Affairs vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 282-297 Bulley, D. 2010, The politics of ethical foreign policy: a responsibility to protect whom? European Journal of International Relations, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 441–461. Bellamy, A. 2010, ‘Responsibility to Protect, 5 years on’, in Ethics and International Affairs, 24, no. 2, pp. 143-169

Luck E. 2011, ‘Prevention, Peacekeeping, and Peacebuilding: Pieces Without the Puzzle’, Global Governance, vol. 17, no. 4 October – December

Cotter I. and Genser, J. eds., 2011, The Responsibility to Protect: The Promise of

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Stopping Mass Atrocities in Our Time Oxford, Oxford University Press

Ethnopolitics, 2011, special edition Responsibility to Protect (see articles by Evans, Caplan, Tannam), vol. 10, no. 1, March 2011

Rubin B.R. and Jones B.D. (2007) ‘Prevention of Violent Conflict: tasks and challenges for the United Nations’, in Global Governance, vol. 13, pp. 391-408

Bellamy A. (2009) Responsibility to Protect: the global effort to end mass atrocities, Cambridge, Polity.

Power, S. (2000), A Problem From Hell Tannam E., ed. 2012 ‘International Intervention in Ethnic Conflict’, special edition Ethnopolitics, articles by Ker-Lindsay, Richmond, Tannam Matheson M.J., 2006, Council Unbound: the growth of UN decision-making on Conflict and Post-Conflict Issues After the Cold War, US Institute of Peace Press Faustmann, H. (2001) ‘The UN and the Internationalization of the Cyprus Conflict, 1949-1958’, in Richmond O., and Ker-Lindsay J., eds., The Work of the UN in Cyprus, Basingstoke Palgrave, pp. 3-35 Ker-Lindsay J. (2009) ‘United Nations Peace-Making in Cyprus: from mediation to arbitration and beyond’, in Diez T., and Tocci N., eds., Cyprus: a conflict at the crossroads, Manchester, Manchester University Press, pp. 147-165 Kuperman A. (2008) ‘The Moral Hazard of Humanitarian Intervention: lessons from the Balkans’, International Studies Quarterly, 52, no. 1, pp. 49-80 Week 7 . Reading Week: no lectures Week 8. UN and Balkans Chandler D. 2000, Bosnia: Faking Democracy After Dayton, London, Pluto King and Mason, 2006, ‘How the World Failed Kosovo’ McGinty R. 2011, International Peacebuilding and Local Resistance Hybrid Forms of Peace, Basingstoke, Palgrave, chapter 7 Natayla Clark, J., 2010, ‘Bosnia’s success Story?’, International Peacekeeping, 17: 67-79 Tannam, 2014, chapter 5 Economides, S. 2013 ‘Kosovo, self-determination and the international order’ Europe-Asia Studies, vol. 65, no. 5, pp. 823-36 Natayla Clark, J., 2010, ‘Bosnia’s success Story?’, International Peacekeeping, 17: 67-79 Friesendorf, C., and Penska, S., 2008, ‘Militarised Law Enforcement in Peace Operations: EUFOR in Bosnia and Herzegovina’, International Peace-Keeping, 15:5, 677-694 Human Rights Quarterly

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Caplan R., 1998, ‘International Diplomacy and the Crisis in Kosovo’, International Affairs Friesendorf, C., and Penska, S., 2008, ‘Militarised Law Enforcement in Peace Operations: EUFOR in Bosnia and Herzegovina’, International Peace-Keeping, 15:5, 677-694 Fawn R., 2008, ‘The Kosovo and Montenegro Effect’, International Affairs, 84, no. 2, 269-294 Week 9. UN Reform

Mingst and Karns, 2012, ch. 8

Luck E. 2003, ‘Blue Ribbon Power: Independent Commissions and UN Reform’ International Studies Perspectives, Volume 1, Issue 1, pages 89–104

Schwartzberg, J., 2003, ‘Revitalizing the UN’, Centre for UN Reform, http://www.ony.unu.edu/RevitalizingUN.pdf

De Soto A. and Del Castillo, Obstacles to Peacebuilding Revisited, Global Governance 22 (2016), 209–227

Smith M., 2016, ‘Review of the UN High-Level Independent Panel on Peace Operations, Uniting Our Strengths for Peace: Politics, Partnership and People’, Global Governance 22 (2016), 179–187

Hunt, C. 2016, ‘All necessary means to what ends? the unintended consequences of

the ‘robust turn’ in UN peace operations, International Peacekeeping, vol. .24, no. 1,

pp. 108-131

Weiss T., 2009, What's Wrong with the United Nations and How to Fix It

Weiss T.G., 2003, ‘The Illusion of UN Security Council Reform’, Washington Quarterly, MIT Bouantonis D., 2005, The History and Role of UN Security Council Reform, London, Routledge Hannay, D., 2008, New World Disorder: the UN after the Cold War: an insiders’s view, London, I.B. Tauris Power S., 2000, A Problem from Hell Russett, B., 2007, ‘Ten Balances for Weighing UN Reform Proposals’, Political Science Quarterly Fassbender B., 1998, UN Security Council Reform and the Right of Veto, Matinus Nihoff Childers E., 1999, Renewing the UN System Ouchal D., 1994, ‘Outsiders, Insiders and UN Reform’, Washington Quarterly Week 10. Guest Lecture. Lt Col Mark Hearns, Irish Army UN Observer Mission to Syria and UNPK Golan Heights Mission

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(Cdt. Hearns is speaking in personal capacity and views are personal, not those of the Irish Army, or the UN). Week 11. Guest lecture tbc Week 12. Conclusion

Essay Topics Deadline: April 19 2017

Submit by turnitin and one hard copy to Mary Priestman, by 5pm.

1. ‘The UN’s role is to swim agianst the tide of popular opinion’. Assess the validity of this statement.

2. Is the UN’s main strength its normative influence in international politics? Discuss

3. What are the weaknesses of the UN’s structure and and what reforms would

help to improve its effectiveness?

4. Assess the success of the UN in providing peace and security

5. ‘’If the UN did not exist, it would have to created’ (John F. Kennedy, Address to General Assembly, 1963) Discuss

Seminar Topics and Presenters’ Schedule

NB: Seminars start in week 3. There are no structured seminars for guest lectures

Week 3. Is IR theory relevant to the UN? Presenters: Keghley Gedney, Brid Conroy Week 4. Evaluate the success of the UN’s decision-making processes and structures Presenters: Felim Gibbons, Lisa Goursaud, Jenna Milne, Olivia Dunn Week 5. Is Human Rights the UN’s main area of success? Presenters: Brid Conroy, Joanna De Jongh, Laura Schroter,

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Week 6. Assess the success of the UN in conflict resolution (defined broadly) and identify its obstacles. Presenters: Angelo Piccoli, Nathalie De Hertog, Jean Baptiste Niyongabo Week 7. Reading Week Week 8. Assess the UN’s success in the Balkans Presenters: Tajana Vlaisavljevic, Nathaly Martinez, Lauren Herbert Week 9. Is UN reform needed and if so what types of reform? Presenters: Debashis De, David Munnelly, Daniel Owens Week 10. No seminar topic: guest lecture Week 11. No seminar topic: guest lecture Week 12. Conclusion: Does the UN ‘swim against the tide’ and does IR theory explain its behaviour? Presenters: Malika Cox, Lydia Blake, Emilia Saario,