Ely a 20150708_1730_upmc_jussieu_-_room_309
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Transcript of Ely a 20150708_1730_upmc_jussieu_-_room_309
Building pro-poor, low carbon innovation systems
through international and indigenous efforts
Rob Byrne, David Ockwell & Adrian Ely
University of Sussex
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Our Common Future Under Climate Change
Presented in Session 4413a ‘Technology, transformations and capabilities in developing countries’
UPMC Jussieu - ROOM 309 - Block 24/34, 8th July 2015 17.30-19.00
Overview
1. Innovation capabilities and systems
2. Emergence, indigenous efforts and international interactions
3. Evolution of the Kenyan PV innovation system
4. Conclusions and global policy implications
Innovation capabilities and systems – ideas and their implications
Early studies focussed on the systems in place in OECD Countries
Extension to developing country contexts is questionable:
- Developing countries are (more) peripheral in the global economy
- Countries have different histories, socio-cultural contexts
Implication: building innovation systems in developing countries rather
than emulating those in industrialised nations
Emergence, indigenous efforts and international interactions
China’s example provides evidence of:
- Long-term investment in R&D
- National and local incentive structures and policies
- Linkages with private sector
… facilitated through strong state co-ordination
… enhanced by ‘absorption’ of foreign technologies
Kenyan PV market headline facts
• PV based electrical services in Kenya (SHSs and SPLs)
• Per capita = most successful global market for off-grid PV
Installed Solar Home
Systems, 1000s
Source: Ondraczek, J. (2013) “The sun rises in the east (of Africa): A comparison of the development and status of solar energy markets in Kenya and Tanzania”, Energy Policy 56: 409
Kenyan PV market headline facts
• PV based electrical services in Kenya (SHSs and SPLs)
• Per capita = most successful global market for off-grid PV
Market Growth: Solar lantern market grown by more than 200% in the last 3
years – now about 700,000 solar lanterns sold
Market Penetration: Use of solar lighting has increased fourfold from 2% in
2009 to about 8% in 2013
Private Sector: 21 distributors/importers, and over 1500 SMEs, selling solar
lanterns from 17 manufacturers, with 29 quality products locally available
Source: http://lightingafrica.org/where-we-work/kenya/
Summary of Kenyan PV market evolution
• Donor-funding was crucial to development of the PV market
• Private sector largely responsible for its growth
• Both development and growth rely on building:
– Capabilities (knowledge and skills of individuals, organisations, firms)
– Linkages between actors locally and globally
Conclusions
1. Policy must foster capabilities by
− Building networks that link diverse stakeholders
− Conducting market & technological research & monitoring, making results
publicly available
− Raising awareness among consumers & investors to reduce perceived risks &
build shared visions
− Fund experimental initiatives (e.g. new stakeholder configurations to test new
technologies and approaches)
2. National institutions like Climate Innovation Centres could achieve this,
perhaps working with other institutions and actors such as the CTCN
Global climate technology policy Improving the architecture
1. Strengthen NDE capacity by funding national innovation system
builders
2. Dedicated innovation system builders generate relevant knowledge
nationally
3. Innovation system builders coordinate projects & programmes
4. Innovation system builders, via NDEs, communicate national
priorities to CTCN
5. CTCN networks innovation system builders internationally
Find out more: www.steps-centre.org/project/low_carbon_development
References
Jacobson, A. (2007) “Connective Power: Solar Electrification and Social Change in Kenya”, World Development 35(1): 144-162, page
149 for image of solar advert
Lastres , H. M. M. and Cassiolato, J. E. (unpublished) Systems of innovation and development from a South American perspective: a
contribution to Globelics, accessed from http://www.ie.ufrj.br/redesist/Globelics/LasCas%20globelics.pdf
Ondraczek, J. (2013) “The sun rises in the east (of Africa): A comparison of the development and status of solar energy markets in
Kenya and Tanzania”, Energy Policy 56: 407-417
Tyfield, D., Ely, A. and Geall, S. (2015) Low carbon innovation in China: from overlooked opportunities and challenges to transitions in
power relations and practices, forthcoming in Sustainable Development