Be the firston the road to the futureEstonian Electromobility program 2011-2013

By Jarmo TuiskDirector of technology and innovation divisionMinistry of Economic Affairs and Communications for Estonia

BACKGROUNDAbout Estonia, the innovation backgroud, passanger cars etc.

ESTONIA

Estonia

1,3M inhabitants, largest city. Tallinn 0,4M inhabitantsGDP per capita $19,375 (PPP), GDP total $25,7BIndependent since 1918, occupied by Soviet Union 1941-1991

Member of EU2004

Member of NATO2004

Member of OECD2010

Member of EURO2011

Estonian way to smart society

1992 1997 1998-2000 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011

Re-independence

Program

“Tiger leap” :

heavy investment

to ICT infrastructure

PCs to every school

E-goverment

Digital signature

Act etc. ID-card

M-Parking

Electronic voting

X-Road: XML-based

backbone for government

apps and databases

Estonian-

Finnish grids

connected

Energy Technology

program

Electromobility

agenda introduced

in MoEaC

Electromobility

Program

European

IT agency

NATO Cyber

Defence

Centre

Estonian Green Transportation Plan

Goal

10% of energy consumption in transportation from renewable sources

Measures• Blending biofuels

5-7% of liquid fuels from renewables by 2015

• Green Public transportation 50% of public transportation to 100% biofuels/biogas by 2020

• Electromobility 1% of transport energy consumption from renewable electricity by 2020

• Eco-driving awareness Reduction of fuel consumption by 10%

Situation of passenger cars in Estonia

Number of cars doubled Cost of transportation doubled

Data: Estonian statistics

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20070%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%Share of transportation costs in househould monthly expenditures, %

CO2 emissions of passenger cars

Average emissions, gCO2/km

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010140

145

150

155

160

165

170

175

180

185

190

EstoniaEU25

Estonia compared to EU nations

Data: European Environment Agency

Consumption and cost of gasoline

Consumption of gasoline, .000 tonsGasoline spending dynamics in Estonia

(consumption*brent spot price), USD

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 201150,000,000.00

100,000,000.00

150,000,000.00

200,000,000.00

250,000,000.00

300,000,000.00

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010250

260

270

280

290

300

310

320

330

340

350

Data: Estonian statistics Data: Estonian statistics, Europe Brent Spot prices

ELMO – ESTONIAN ELECTROMOBILITY PROGRAMME

Short overview

Why is Estonia launching EV programme?

Our commitment to climate policy

Energy independence

Because we can!

Background for electromobility program

Mid 2010 - Gov. initiates CO2 reduction project calls to use excess AAUs (CO2 credits)

Various projects proposed by ministries

AAU sales team matches buyes and projects

Buildings Energy production Public transportation

Private transportation, electric mobility

Our partner in EV program: Mitsubishi Corporation

• Mitsubishi was interested in the electromobility project proposal.

• The negotiations began in dec 2010 and final set up of the program concluded by Feb 2011.

• Government announced the program in the beginning of March.

• Total volume of AAUs: 10mAAUs (12% of Estonian AAU balance)

Demoproject

Infra-structureIncentives

Fitting the pieces together

for the future ofelectric

cars

1. DEMO PROJECT

507 xFOR SOCIAL WORKERS AROUND ESTONIA

507 iMievs to social workers

• Estonian government bought 507 Mitsubishi iMievs • The purchase is financed by sellinc AAU (carbon credits) to

Mitsubishi Corporation• The cars will remain in the ownership of the Ministry of

Social Affairs of Estonia, but they are handed over to local municipalities all around Estonia

• The cars are distributed for free • Social workers: public administrators responsible for

providing public social services• The cars will be equipped with GPS/GPRS enabled data

loggers for future R&D of usage of electric cars

Mitsubishi iMievs in action

Photos: Bianca Mikovitš, Maaleht

2. INCENTIVES

-50%

Max 18 000 EUR PER CAR, NO BRAND RESTRICTIONS, FOR PRIVATE AND COMMERCIAL BUYERS, UNTIL THE END OF 2012+ 1000EUR FOR MODE3 HOME CHARGER

Incentive scheme

• Eligible cars: fully electric passenger cars (M1)• For private, commercial and public buyers• Support rate 50% of car’s price• Max grant: 18 000 per car + 1000EUR for Mode 3

home charger set-up• You can buy an EV from any EU country• Second-hand (used) EVs are not eligible• Last date to submit grant application 30.11.2012• Budget for 500 EVs

Green certificates

• With each grant comes the obligation to use only renewable energy in your electric car for 5 years

• This will be ensured by using green certificates (certificates of origin)

• EV owner has to report the milage annually to KredEx and submits the equal amount of green certificates

WHY SHOULD YOU BY AN ELECTRIC CAR IN ESTONIA?

Completely new experience

Let’s raceElectric Gasoline

Running costs: EV vs ICE

Electric Gasoline0

50

100

150

200

250

ParkingFuelInsuranceService

Monthly savings: 100EUR!

Are EVs too

small?

4445mm

Where can I refill?

Now:Home/SummerhouseAt workIn future:Home/Summerhouse At workParking houseSupermarket

Now:Gas station

In future:Gas station

What is the driving range per 1EUR?

13km

13km

13km

13km

4km

What’s the price?

Price for me: 18 000 EUR

Octavia Elegance 1.4TSI

Grant: 18 000 EUR

Price for me: 18 000 EUR

Myths about...Electric cars• Too small to be the real cars• You can’t use them because

there is no infrastructure• You can’t drive them,

because they don’t drive more than 120km per charge

• They are too expensive!

Smart phones• They are too big to be

convenient• You can’t use them, because

they don’t have buttons• They are unreliable,

because the battery last only for 24h hours

• They are too expensive!

And you know the story...

3. FAST CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE

Fast charging infrastructure

1.200-250 FAST CHARGERS AROUND ESTONIA2.CHAdeMO + AC Mode 3 slow charger combo3.Central network management system4.5 year contract for network operating services,

24/7 central customer support5.Innovative solutions: mobile identification and

payments, RFID and/or NFC cards, mobile app, web portal etc.

Charging use casesPublic/shared charger

Dedicated charger

Pre-plannedcharging

Extra-ordinarycharging

Daily home charging

Daily office charging

Routine sharedcharging

Travelcharging

Emergencycharging

Use cases and technology options

Daily home charging

Daily office charging

Routine sharedcharging

Travelcharging

Emergencycharging

AC Normal6-8h

AC Fast1-2h

DC superfast20-30min

OK

OK

Maybe

Not ok

Not OK

Maybe

Maybe

Maybe

OK

Maybe

Not OK

Not OK

OK

OK

OK

DC quick charging: best match for public chargers

Public/shared charger

Dedicated charger

Pre-plannedcharging

Extra-ordinarycharging

Daily home charging

Daily office charging

Routine sharedcharging

Travelcharging

Emergencycharging

3 main use-cases for Estonian public charging network

• Locations hard to predict• Cover the main routes

Emergency charging

• Locations easy to predict• Follow the daily routines

Shared routine charging

• Locations easier to predict• Emphasize tourist routesTravel charging

Initial layout of chargers

Effect of one quick charger in Tokyo

AfterBeforeDaily travel distances with the EV

SPECIFICATION FOR QUICK CHARGERS

Charger typesCharger type

Charger output and type

Max nominal output power, kW

Description

SL01 1 DC 50 DC fast charger with single output connector and slow AC (Mode3) outlet socket.

1 AC 3,7

SL02 1 DC 50 DC fast charger with single output connector and fast AC (Mode3) outlet socket

1 AC 22

SL03 2 DC 50 DC fast charger with dual output connector and slow AC (Mode3) outlet socket 1 AC 3,7

SL04 2 DC 50 DC fast charger with dual output connector and fastAC (Mode3) outlet socket 1 AC 22

DC is primary output, AC charging will be stopped until DC charges.

Possible charge station configurations

Amount of chargers to be procured

KredEx will buy 200 +/- 20% chargers- ~180 SL01 or SL02- ~20 SL03 or SL04

Standards for chargers

ID Explanation

2004/108/EU EMC (ElectroMagnetic Compatibility) Directive

768/2008/EUDecision No 768/2008/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 July 2008 on a common framework for the marketing of products, and repealing Council Decision 93/465/EEC (Text with EEA relevance)

2006/95/EU

Directive 2006/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 on the harmonisation of the laws of Member States relating to electrical equipment designed for use within certain voltage limits (codified version) (Text with EEA relevance)

IEC 61851 Electric vehicle conductive charging system

IEC 62196 Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle couplersand vehicle inlets – Conductive charging of electric vehicle

IEC 61439 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assembliesIEC 60364 Low-voltage electrical installations

IEC 60884-1:2006 (EVS 873:2007 ) Plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposesIEC 60529 Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)

IEC 62262 Degrees of protection providedy enclosures for electrical equipment against external mechanical impacts (IK code)

JEVS G105* Connectors applicable to quick charging system at Eco-Station for Evs

CHAdeMO*Standardised protocol of DC quick charger and electric vehicle communications and charger control maintained by CHAdeMO association.

ISO/IEC 14443 Identification cards – Contactless integrated circuit cards – Proximity cards

Chargers and charger installation must conform to following standards

Climate conditions

Chargers must endure and operate in Estonian climate conditions.

Chargers must continually work in temp range -25C ... +40C

• Corrosion and ice-melting salt protection

• Estonian climate– Abs Max temp 36°C– Abs. Min temp -42,6°C– Average 5,6°C

• Bidder must demonstrate the climate tests results (documents)

Input power parameters

• Land-cabel pre-installed• 3 phase, 400V, 50Hz• Main switch parameters

– max 100A (SL01, SL02)– max 180A (SL03, SL04)

• Input current– SL01 or SL02 80-90A– SL03 or SL04 160-180A

Simultaneous charging

• Chargers types SL03 or SL04 must be capable of charging two cars at the same time.

• The point is that some load balancing might be possible between simultaneous charging sessions.

• Max time added for simultaneous charging must not exceed 30% of single charging.

• Kredex is looking to optimize running costs and real estate costs through these type of chargers

AC charging option• Mode 3 Type 2 (Mennekes) socket outlet for those cars not compatible

with CHAdeMO (=Renault)• DC fast charging is a priority. During DC charging AC socket outlet must

be unpowered.• AC socket outlet must be incorporated to the same body as DC charging• AC charger controller must be able to conform to max current/voltage

allowed by car (or charging cord)• No charging cord to be provided by charger

Type Nr of phases Freq, Hz Voltage, V Current, A Power, kWSL01 1 50 230 16 3,7SL02 3 50 400 32 22SL03 1 50 230 16 3,7SL04 3 50 400 32 22

Authentication

• User athentication to be chosen by the bidder from following options:– Smart card (RFID, NFC etc) IEC14443 or IEC15693

compatible or– Mobile phone (SMS, mobile-id, NFC)

• User must authenticate in order to start and stop charging session

Data storage

• Chargers should incorporate data storages (hard disks etc.) for offline-operation of the charger (it must include authentication data, like white and black lists)

• Data must be stored for at least 7 days• Data to be stored:

– Authentications– Charging sessions (duration, energy consumed

etc)

Display and control buttons• Functions:

– consumption/charging info– User guidance

• If touch screen, when needs to be climate compatible• Readability in brigh/dim light• Charger must have control buttons (to operate screen, and/or

authenticate)• Main control buttons: start, stop, emergency must be pushables.• Touch screen functions can be doubled with keyboard• Charger must inform user if charger cannot charge the car (technical

incompatibility)• Display must inform user if car is charged to maximum, charger may

have special light indicator

Body and design of the charger

• Exterior must be corrosion proof• No sharp and dangerous edges• Graffity proof color• Interior must be locked for unauthorized

access• Color: white (or any other color approved by

KredEx)

Safety and security (1)

• Tender documents must include safety and security documentation as well as conformity to standards

• Parts that may be dangerous to users have to be marked with clear and readable signs

• CE-mark (768/2008/EU), IP54, IK10(IEC62262)

• Overheating protection• Remote and local

shutdown feature• Self shutdown in case

of emergency

Safety and security (2)

• Chargers must comply Estonian electric safety law

• Installation according to standard EVS-HD 60364 (IEC 60364-7-721:2007)

• Fault current protection max 20mA

• Protection switch/contactor to each charging output

• Special rain protected location to hold CHAdeMO connector

• Clear voice signal if connector is not properly fixed during 10sec after end of charging session

• AC socket outlet must be unpowered if cable is not connected

• NMS must be capable of switching off the charger in case of emergency

NETWORK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Network management systemNMS is an integrated system of software(s) to facilitate the provision of charging services for EV owners.

Charger network control and

management

Technical maintenance• Charger maintenance• Control of chargers

IT-management• Software maintenance• Interfaces with other

software systems• Software development

Energy management• Energy load monitoring• Interface with the grid

Customer services

management

Service management• Service developement• Service control

Customer support• Real-time customer

support• Customer self-service

Customer relation management• Customer contracts

management• Customer analytics

Sales• Sales management• Sales channel

development and support

Financial services

Supplier management• Energy services• Other support services

Billings, account settlements• With buyers• With suppliers

Payment collection• Management of payment

gateways

Financial control• Accounting• Auditing

NMS should be capable to support following business functions EV infrastructure operator

Functional modules of NMSCharger control and management

Data communications controller (charger <-> NMS)

Control of charging sessions

Remote control of chargers

System log

User management

User accounts (customers, administrators, support)

Access control manegement

Authentication management

Service management

Tariff management

User agreements’ management

Customer support

Support case management and reportingQ&A module over the web interface

Financial management

Billing, invoicing

Payments

Analytics Energy consumption analysis

User analytics

OPERATING SERVICES

Services to be procured from the operator

Customer support

Control and technical

maintenance of charging network

Security

Financial transactions with energy supplier

Financial transactions with

customers

Customer support

• Phone support 24/7• 30sec max waiting time in

customer support phone lines

• Bidder should have manned service to visit broken charges and fix it within 60 minutes. If that is not possible bidder should arrange the pick-up of stranded EV and transport it to the nearest charger

• Response times to errortickets– Hazardous error messages should be

dealt immidiately by shutting down the faulty charger

– The charger that is not working must be fixed within 24h or replaced if not fixable within 48h

– Software errors must be fixed with next software update if they are not security related problems

• All errors should be reported to KredEx (monthly report)

• If error cannot be fixed, ot it’s dangereous to humans or EVs it should be reported to KredEx immidiately

Control and technical maintenance of charging network

Charger control• Realtime control over the NMS

– Status,– Users– Energy consumption,– Metering functions– Temperature of charger– Status of doors– Physical state/tilting

• On-site inspection twice a year– Visual overview and completeness– Functionality– Safety of electrical connections– Status of the location

Maintenance• Maintenance should be

performed according to manufacturer’s standards

• Maintenance staff should have been trained by manufacturer

• Charger should be kept clean (dirt, graffity removal etc.)

Security services

• Bidder should provide security cameras to those charging locations with no cameras already attached

• Security videos should be stored for at least 3 days

• Other security services can be decided by the bidder. They should be included in the price.

Financial transactions with energy supplier

• Bidder and energy suppliers have freedom to organize the energy selling agreements between eachother

• Contracts between bidder and energy company must be public to KredEx.

Financial transactions with consumers

• Bidder is responsible for organizing the financial transactions with consumers (agreements, invoicing, collecting payments etc)

• Bidder must provide consumer with their energy consumption data

Other requirements for operating services

Charging locations• Bidder must monitor the state of

charging locations and report if they don’t conform to agreement between KredEx and property owners

• Charger and charging locations must have proper lighting

• Bidder is reponsible for directing signs and traffic signage (if necessary)

• If this has been done by property owner then the bidder do not have to fulfill those duties

Add-on services, personnel• Bidder can develop add-on services

in NMS and in charging locations if KredEx will accept them

• Bidder should state in documents their planned amount of personnel for operating service

• Personnel should have necessary qualification

• In maintenance works they should wear identifiable uniforms

• Leading software developers should be named in the tender documents (with CVs)

CONCLUSION

Estonia as a role model

• Estonia made a bold choice to build up fast charging network

• Single operator single network management system – business model test

• Scandinavia (Europe?) is watching closely how we are performing

Unique opportunities for EV value chain in Estonia

• Flexible and cost-effective test-bed• High concentration of EVs• DC fast charging and impact to grids• Central operating model• Advanced ICT infrastructure• R&D possibilities for “second-life” of car

batteries (1000 EVs after year 2017)

Challenges so far

• Extreme timescale: everything must be completed by the end of 2012

• We have to be robust and decisive• How to gain a public support in these conditions?• How to get big car manufaturers to bring EVs to

market?• Mixed public opinion about EVs: lot of discussion

about EVs in cold climate, range/price seen as a main problem

Conclusion

GOV we provide 360° framework conditions to wider adoption of EV’s.

EV value chainmust demonstrate the sustainable, competitive solutions for private transportation. Estonia is the best place to do that.

THANK YOU!JARMO.TUISK@MKM.EE

Questions and answers