MAKING IT WORK: Instruction, Assessment & Intervention with ELL students through the RTI process.
ELL and RTI
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Transcript of ELL and RTI
ELL and RTI
We must think carefully!
Partnerships• Pick someone near year you to be
your partner.• The person with the next birthday is
coffee.• The other person is cream.
We are going think carefully about. . .
• Assessments for ELL students• Tier 1 for ELL students– Core program/sheltered instruction– ELD
• Tier 2 for ELL students• Tier 3 for ELL students
Remember
RTI is a structured team process for using data to increase the instructional supports to students as
needed.
Remember• Reading and English language
development are not the same thing.
• Today we will be talking about Reading.
No cookie cutter approach
• Not all ELL students are the same!• Consider the 4 L’s
•Language (native) •Level of English proficiency•Level of native language proficiency •Length of time in school
To every complex problem, there is a simple solution...that doesn’t work!
~Mark Twain
• Think about how this process resembles the process you already have in place.
Felix participates in thecore curriculum withsheltered instructionwith ELD services.
Screening datasuggests Felix isn’t
doing well Second Group Intervention
Team designs individualized intervention
Exits intervention
Felixdoesn’t
improve
Feliximproves
Feliximproves
Intervention is intense and LD is suspected
Improvement is good and other
factors are suspected as
cause
Special Education referral is initiated
Felixdoesn’t
improve
Team reviews screening data and places
Felix in a group intervention
Parents Notified
Review the progress of cohort group. If less than
80% making progress, increase
instructional effectiveness.
Enter ELL Language Level on Intervention Profile
and share information with
reading instructor
Collect language information
through ELL pre-referral
If language level is 1 or 2 and student is
struggling with PA and phonics, continue intervention for
second 6 week period
Coffee • What do you currently
have in place?
Cream • What areas of concern
do you have?
Talk time
In the past we had a wait to fail model. We should not wait even longer for ELL students to fail.
We should not wait 5 to 7 years to provide additional supports to students.
AssessmentWe must think carefully about…
Recommendation 1Conduct formative assessments with English learners using English language measures of phonological processing, letter knowledge, and word and text reading. Use these data to identify English learners who require additional instructional support and to monitor their reading progress over time.
Level of Evidence: Strong
ELL students should be
assessed using DIBELS.
Remember the purpose of screening and progress
monitoring is. . . . Assessing those who may need additional targeted
instruction in reading English.
• Multiple sources of data are very important!– DIBELS– Diagnostic Reading data– Classroom data– ELPA– L.A.S. or other oral native language
assessment– OAKS
BLP decision rules•If an ELL student’s scores fall in the lowest 20% of all students in the same grade level at the same school, the ELL teacher should present the following information at the next EBISS meeting:•Attach ELPA Score history •Classroom Language Checklists (CLIC)
•Expected progress based on ELL Level (Use ELP searchable standards) •Completed EBISS ELL Instructional History
BLP decision rules•If an ELL student’s scores fall in the lowest 20% of all students in the same grade level at the same school, the ELL teacher should present the following information at the next EBISS meeting:•Attach ELPA Score history •Classroom Language Checklists (CLIC)
•Expected progress based on ELL Level (Use ELP searchable standards) •Completed EBISS ELL Instructional History
“If your students have been in the country only a short time and have limited English proficiency, not meeting grade-level benchmark is an indication that they need more instruction. It does not mean that they have a learning difficulty.”
Thompson & Vaughn, 2007
Cream • Which assessments do
you feel give you information about your ELL students?
Coffee • How can you use
DIBELS as a tool to provide more support to ELL students?
Talk time
Tier 1 SupportWe must think carefully about…
Phonemic awarenessPhonicsFluency
VocabularyComprehension
Teaching the big 5 of Reading
Oral language
• Speaking• Listening
Multiple opportunities to practice
Writing
Receptive
Listening
Reading
Expressive
Speaking
Writing
Language
Development
Phonemic Awareness• Students who struggle in Phonemic
awareness will likely be struggling readers in L1 and L2.
Phonemic Awareness• Detecting rhyming sounds• Identifying words with the same initial sound• Isolating the initial sound• Categorizing onsets and rimes• Isolating middle and ending sounds• Segmenting phonemes• Adding phonemes• Deleting phonemes• Substituting phonemes
Phonics• Consider:– Is the student learning a new alphabet?
or– Is the student learning new names and
sounds for the alphabet they know?
“Schools with performance benchmarks in reading in the early grades can use the same standards for English learners and for native English speakers to make adjustments in instruction when progress is insufficient. It is the opinion of the panel that schools should not consider below-grade-level performance in reading as “normal” or something that will resolve itself when oral language proficiency in English improves.”IES Practice guideGersten, Baker, Shanahan, Linan-Thompson, Collins, Scarcella
• English Language Learners still need phonemic awareness and phonics practice!
Fluency• Accuracy Prosody Rate
• Are students slow due to recoding or word meaning?
• Background Knowledge affects fluency
Recommendation 3Provide high-quality vocabulary instruction throughout the day. Teach essential content words in depth. In addition, use instructional time to address the meanings of common words, phrases, and expressions not yet learned.
Level of Evidence: Strong
Isabel Beck’s 3 Tiers
Technical words: photosynthesis, isosceles
high frequency, high utility, words taught in H.M.:sparkle, remarkable
Common conversational words:ball, spring, table
Rethinking the Tiers
Multiple meaningball, spring, tablepower, force
Technical words: photosynthesis, isosceles high frequency, high utility, words taught in H.M.:sparkle, remarkable
Clear cognatescontribute - contribuir, second- segundo EL
L’s n
eed
supp
ort h
ere
Vocabulary Practice• Define PowerDefine Power as used in a Social Studies
classDefine Power as used in a Math classDefine Power as used in a Physics Science
classDefine Power as used in a Biology Science
class
Vocabulary• Teach phrases – A long time ago– See you later
• Phrasal verbs– Look up: Look up at the sky or Look up
the word in the dictionary• Expressions and idioms– Gray area– Hit the spot
Vocabulary• English Language Learners need to
practice/use vocabulary words in context 45-75 times before they can “know” the word.
VocabularyWhat does it mean to “know” a word?
Association
Comprehension processing
Generation
Comprehension• Difficulty may be due to–Word meaning– Background knowledge– Interest– Disconnect from instruction/text/learner
• Don’t just ask questions, demonstrate answers.
Comprehension• If you were going on an airplane
would you go far or near?– Student answers, “far”
Comprehension• If you were going on an airplane
would you go far or near?• Teacher: Hmm, well I know that
airplanes travel in the air, and when I went to visit my grandmother who lives far away, I went on an airplane, so it must be far away.
Comprehension• If you were going on an airplane
would you go far or near?• Teacher: Hmm, well I know that
airplanes travel in the air, and when I went to visit my grandmother who lives far away, I went on an airplane, so it must be far away.
Comprehension• If you were going on an airplane
would you go far or near?• Teacher: Hmm, well I know that
airplanes travel in the air, and when I went to visit my grandmother who lives far away, I went on an airplane, so it must be far away.
Coffee • Which of the big 5 of
Reading is your school doing a great job of teaching to ELLs?
Cream • Which of the big 5 of
Reading does your school need to improve on for teaching your ELLs?
Talk Time
SIOP
Good teaching strategies for ELL students are Good teaching strategies for ALL students
SIOP
Good teaching strategies for ELL students are Good teaching strategies for ALL students
SIOP• However SIOP is critical for the
second language learner to access the instruction.
SIOP
ActivityTallest Person
Lesson prep, Building background,
Comprehensible input
Shortest Person
Practice/application, Review/assessment
Middle Height Person
Strategies, Interaction
Recommendation 5Ensure that teachers of English learners devote approximately 90 minutes a week to instructional activities in which pairs of students at different ability levels or different English language proficiencies work together on academic tasks in a structured fashion. These activities should practice and extend material already taught.
Level of Evidence: Strong
Teacher behaviors• Direct and explicit instruction– Content and Language Objectives
• Pacing• Activating prior knowledge• Think time• Comprehensible input– Realia, models, visuals, demonstrations– I do, we do, ya’ll do, you do
• Multiple opportunities to respond• Meaningful practice
BLP decision rulesSheltered instruction is a critical component of core
instruction for English Language Learners. Confirm the following occurs in the core reading group:1. Students understand the directions and instructions.2. Vocabulary is pre-taught in a manner comprehensible to
the student.3. Students are actively engaged and given multiple
opportunities to interact with each other and the teacher.4. The instructor knows the language levels and
characteristics in the cohort group and is using components of sheltered instruction.
5. The curriculum is appropriate for the English language level of the students.
BLP decision rulesSheltered instruction is a critical component of core
instruction for English Language Learners. Confirm the following occurs in the core reading group:1. Students understand the directions and instructions.2. Vocabulary is pre-taught in a manner comprehensible to
the student.3. Students are actively engaged and given multiple
opportunities to interact with each other and the teacher.4. The instructor knows the language levels and
characteristics in the cohort group and is using components of sheltered instruction.
5. The curriculum is appropriate for the English language level of the students.
ELD time• Designated course with scope and
sequence• Emphasize listening and speaking
although it can incorporate reading and writing.
• Explicitly teach elements of English. (e.g. vocabulary, syntax, grammar, function, and conventions)
ELD time• Integrate meaning and
communication to support explicit teaching of language
• Use of English as primary language of instruction
• Stress academic and conversational language.
• Grouped by language proficiency and like grade level.
Cream • What does core mean
for your ELL students? How is this similar or different to monolingual students?
Coffee • Do ELLs have access
to content instruction?– If so, how is the
instruction modified to meet their language proficiency levels?
Talk Time
Tier 2 supportWe must think carefully about…
Recommendation 2Provide focused, intensive small-group interventions for English learners determined to be at risk for reading problems. Although the amount of time in small-group instruction and the intensity of this instruction should reflect the degree of risk, determined by reading assessment data and other indicators, the interventions should include the five core reading elements (phonological awareness, phonics, reading fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension). Explicit, direct instruction should be the primary means of instructional delivery.
Level of Evidence: Strong
BLP decision rulesIf the group is making progress, but the student is not:1. The EBISS team places the student in an
intervention and monitors his or her progress.2. Ensure that the instructor knows the language
level of the student and is teaching/using strategies that are effective for that level.
3. Ensure that teacher is clearly explaining instructions and new vocabulary in a manner comprehensible to the student.
BLP decision rulesIf the group is making progress, but the student is not:1. The EBISS team places the student in an
intervention and monitors his or her progress.2. Ensure that the instructor knows the language
level of the student and is teaching/using strategies that are effective for that level.
3. Ensure that teacher is clearly explaining instructions and new vocabulary in a manner comprehensible to the student.
SIOP
Good teaching strategies for ELL students are Good teaching strategies for ALL students
TIER II- Accessible Interventions for ELLS
• Pre-teach vocabulary both in context and in directions (tiers 1, 2, 3, & 4);
• Check for understanding;• Allow students ample opportunities
to respond;• Know language levels of the
students;• Match to language of instruction; • Monitor progress of skills being
taught.
Cohort group• Look at cohort group
A cohort group is defined as at least three students with similar language levels, educational experiences, and cultural backgrounds (such as length of time in country, language in the home, language of instruction, and length of time in ELL).
• Monitor progress carefully• Look at progress in English language
development
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Dec.S cores
F eb.S cores
J an.S cores
Marc hS cores
AprilS cores
MayS cores
J uneS cores
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AimlineAmy
Chase
Mary
Isaiah
(Generally) Effective Intervention
BLP Decision RulesIf the student has four data points below the aim line after 6 weeks in intervention:1. Again review the cohort. If the cohort isn’t
making progress, ensure that the above strategies are being applied.
2. If the cohort is making progress, but the student is not, make a change to the intervention as listed on the EBISS Protocol.
3. Review the cohort after each tier 2 intervention.
BLP Decision RulesIf the student has four data points below the aim line after 6 weeks in intervention:1. Again review the cohort. If the cohort isn’t
making progress, ensure that the above strategies are being applied.
2. If the cohort is making progress, but the student is not, make a change to the intervention as listed on the EBISS Protocol.
3. Review the cohort after each tier 2 intervention.
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F eb.S cores
J an.S cores
Marc hS cores
AprilS cores
MayS cores
J uneS cores
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Aimline
Amy
Mary
Isaiah
Ineffective Intervention
Chase
Fidelity to curriculum
– All lesson parts taught following outlined procedures
– Curriculum decision rules followed (lesson checkouts, mastery tests, etc)
Fidelity to research-based instructional procedures– High pacing (high rate
of student opportunities to respond)
– Corrective feedback– Behavior management
system evident– Students are accurate
before moving on to new material
Fidelity of Implementation
Not a child issue!!
Instructional needs vs. fidelity
• Professional development • Guidance to instructor
Modifying a group intervention:Questions to Consider
• Consider additional ELD time/instruction• Behavior management strategies– Have expectations been explicitly taught?– Is there a group reinforcement system?– Is participation and effort consistently reinforced?
• Is the intervention matched to student need?• Does the group need additional time?• Does the group need to be split into smaller
groups?• How does the intervention fit with core
instruction
Painting the wall
Blue is coreRed is ELDYellow is intervention
So What color is the
outcome?
Be sure to coordinate your
instruction to avoid curricular chaos!
Cream • What does Tier 2 level
of instruction look like for your ELLs?
Coffee • How does the team
work together to avoid curricular chaos?
Talk Time
Tier 3 supportWe must think carefully about…
BLP Decision RulesIf the student has failed to make adequate progress after two 6 week intervention periods, begin the individualization process and collect and review the following:
1. The EBISS Team selects an intervention that is specifically targeted to the student’s needs.
2. Continue to progress monitor the student and review the progress of the cohort.
3. If the student is in ELL and is struggling with reading comprehension, then the comprehension intervention can be implemented for 2 - four to six weeks periods (within the “individualized stage” of the EBISS process) prior to considering if a referral for special education is appropriate.
ELL Family Interview Socio-Cultural Checklist
Individual Problem Solving Worksheet EBISS ELL Instructional History
BICS & CALPS Checklists Acculturation Quick Screen
BLP Decision RulesIf the student has failed to make adequate progress after two 6 week intervention periods, begin the individualization process and collect and review the following:
1. The EBISS Team selects an intervention that is specifically targeted to the student’s needs.
2. Continue to progress monitor the student and review the progress of the cohort.
3. If the student is in ELL and is struggling with reading comprehension, then the comprehension intervention can be implemented for 2 - four to six weeks periods (within the “individualized stage” of the EBISS process) prior to considering if a referral for special education is appropriate.
ELL Family Interview Socio-Cultural Checklist
Individual Problem Solving Worksheet EBISS ELL Instructional History
BICS & CALPS Checklists Acculturation Quick Screen
LD eligibility
• Section 8: The student’s problem is not the result of limited English proficiency.
We must think carefully about…
TIER III- Individualization• Know the kid.
– Developmental History– Family profile– Problem solving worksheet
• ELL teacher MUST be involved at this stage providing language information and interpretation of ELPA, ELD, and progress data.
• Determine what the student needs.• Determine a third intervention.
• Everything is on the table!!!!
Questions to ask the team:
• How long has the child been in school in the US?• Does the child have skills in their primary
language?• What is the child’s language level? Oral
language vs. read/writing level?• What type of content instruction has the child
received?• Is the teacher trained in sheltered instruction?• Does the child receive explicit ELD instruction?• How does the progress of other ELL students
with similar histories look?• What was the language of instruction?
Remember to think carefully!
This is a continued conversation that will go on for a VERY LONG TIME.
Accept non-closure and continue to do your best work.