Elgamal_CWEC2010

7/29/2019 Elgamal_CWEC2010

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Seismic Behavior

of Wind Turbines

Ian Prowell (Graduate Student)

Ahmed Elgamal (Professor)

University of California, San Diego

Professor of Structural Engineering

[email protected]

Industry Partners: Hal Romanowitz & Ed DugganOak Creek Energy Systems, Tahachapi, CA

May 10, 2010
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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California

Seismic Map (from USGS)

Wind Turbines in California may be located in Seismically Active Regions


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Shake Table Seismic Research PIs at UCSD

Prof. Ahmed Elgamal

Prof. Chia-Ming Uang

Prof. Enrique LucoProf. Joel Conte

Wind Turbine donated by:

Oak Creek Energy Systems

(Hal Romanowitz and Ed Duggan)

http://www.oces.com

http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.d

o?AwardNumber=0830422

Research Sponsored by

US National Science Foundation

(Dr. Joy Pauschke, Program Manager)

Wind turbine Test on the outdoor University

of California, San Diego, George E Brown Jr.

Network for Earthquake Engineering Research

NEES Shake-Table (http://nees.ucsd.edu)

Photography by Alan Decker. Courtesy of UCSD Jacobs School of Engineering. 2004 Copyright UCSD Publications Office. All rights reserved.
http://www.oces.com/http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0830422http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0830422http://nees.ucsd.edu/http://nees.ucsd.edu/http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0830422http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=0830422http://www.oces.com/


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Acknowledgements & Organizations

Organizations

NSF - Grant No. CMMI 0830422 (Dr. Joy Pauschke)

Oak Creek Energy Systems (Mr. Hal Romanowitz, Mr. Ed Duggan, Mr.M. Burns, Mr. V. Johnson)

NEES@UCSD & NEES@UCLA (Prof. J.E. Luco and Dr. R. Nigbor)

Sandia National Laboratories (Dr. P. Veers) NREL (Dr. J. Jonkman)

People Prof. C.-M. Uang, Prof. J.P. Conte, Prof. J. Restrepo, Ms. Jennie Lee, Mr. V.

Diep, Dr. J. Lu, Dr. Z. Zhen, Mr. A. Gunthardt, Mr. D. Radulescu, Mr. A.

Sherman, Mr. L. Rodriguez, Mr. M. Tyson, Mr. R. Whalen, Mr. D. Mckay, Mr. R.Beckley (UCSD), Mr. Marc Veletsoz (Merrimack College), Dr. A. Salamanca,Mr. R. Kang, Mr. B. Ferrero, Mr. S. Keowen (UCLA), Prof. B. Moaveni (Tufts),Dr. X. He (AECOM Transportation), Dr. P. Wilson (Earth Mechanics), Dr. M.Fraser (NAVFAC, San Diego), Prof. R. Rolfes (Leibniz University, Hannover,Germany), Prof. J. Lynch, Dr. A. Zimmerman (Univ. of Michigan), and many

others.


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On-Site Dynamic Behavior

NSF NEES@UCLA

Mobile Testing Laboratory

High quality accelerometers

& data acquisition system

Frequency range: 0-200 Hz

Dynamic range: 155 dB

Resolution: 10-8 g


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On-site Measurement of Dynamic Response During Operation (NEES@UCLA)


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Testing at Oak Creek Energy Systems, Tahachapi, CA


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900 kW Blade 8 accelerometers along the blade Oriented for flap and edge bending



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900 kW NEG Micon

2 hours of data while operating

46 hours of parked data Tower and surrounding soil

instrumented

Forced vibration up to 15 Hz

Data recorded while rotor and gearboxwere removed

Wind speed and operational data

recorded simultaneously with

vibration data



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1.5 MW NEG Micon

45 hours of data while operating

1 hour of parked data

Tower and surrounding soil

instrumented

Wind speed and operationaldata recorded simultaneously

with vibration data



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Sample Data from In-situ testing


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Frequency domain representation of data


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900 kW turbine

Frequency = 0.55 Hz


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900 kW turbine

Frequency = 0.56 Hz


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900 kW turbine

Frequency = 3.95 Hz


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900 kW turbine

Frequency= 3.96 Hz


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900 kW Turbine

Frequency = 11 Hz


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Data Analysis Sample Results

10 minutes of data

Fore-aft

Parked

0.55 Hz

2.1% Damping


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Shake Table Testing at UCSD


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Outdoor Shake Table Testing -- Sky is the limit!

UCSD NSF NEES Englekirk

Structural Engineering

Center

The only facility in the worldcapable of testing a full scale

wind turbine

Shake Table data to documentand analyze non-linear

earthquake response


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2010 Shake Table Testing Program

Wide variety of input

motions - included near

and far field earthquakes

Multiple scale factors

Band limited white noise

(0.25 25.0 Hz) excitation

to monitor variation inturbine characteristics


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2010 Shake Table Test

Over 90 Shaking Events

Input motions in two

perpendicular orientations

relative to nacelle

Input motions in operational

and parked conditions

Impact tests to characterize

blades


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Preliminary study: Observed Mode Shapes (black) and Calibrated Simple FE Model

Results (red) (1st lateral, 1st longitudinal and 2nd lateral respectively).


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Computer model Calibration:Comparison between recorded and computed acceleration

1940 El Centro 180


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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50-0.5

0

0.5

Accel.(g)

1940 El Centro 180

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

-1

0

1

Accel.(g)

0.5% Damped

5.0% Damped

0 5 10 15 20 25-0.5

0

0.5

Accel.(g)

1979 Coyote Lake 230

0 5 10 15 20 25

-1

0

1

Accel.(g)

0 10 20 30 40 50-0.5

0

0.5

Accel.(g)

1986 Palm Springs 0

0 10 20 30 40 50

-1

0

1

Accel.(g)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70-0.5

0

0.5

Accel.(g)

2000 Yountville 90

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

-1

0

1

Time (seconds)

Accel.(g)


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Numerical Modeling -- FAST (NREL)

Maintained by the National Renewable Energy

Laboratory (NREL, Dr. Jason Jonkman)

Free and open

Used extensively by wind researchers

Certified by Germanischer Lloyd for calculatingturbine design loads

Simulates two and three bladed horizontal-axis

wind turbine Wind field, rotation, gearbox, generator, control

system, blade pitch

Multi-modal solution


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Numerical Modeling FAST

FAST was updated at UCSD tosimulate base shaking

Input time histories as

displacement, velocity, or

acceleration

Assumes fixed base

3 translational axis for loading(2 Horizontal and 1 Vertical)

N i l M d li B d d C i


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Numerical Modeling: Base moment demand Comparison

Side-side Moment Demand

Fore-aft Moment Demand


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Small Wind

& Outreach

Seismic Shake-Table Testing

Jennie Lee

Vinh DiepUCSD

Undergraduate students

Elementary school students visiting the

UCSD live shake table experimental facility

http://webshaker.ucsd.edu


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Research on Wind Turbine Foundations and Soil-Structure Interaction


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3-D Finite Element Analysis of

Monopile Wind Turbine Foundations

http://cyclic.ucsd.edu/openseespl

(using UC Berkeley OpenSees

http://opensees.berkeley.edu )
http://cyclic.ucsd.edu/openseesplhttp://opensees.berkeley.edu/http://opensees.berkeley.edu/http://cyclic.ucsd.edu/openseespl


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Conceptual designs of mooring systems of floating wind turbines (from Jonkman and Buhl 2007): (left) spar

buoy, (middle) TLP, (right) barge.

UCSD new NSF Grant, PIs, Q. Zhu and A. Elgamal


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Potential Future Research:

UCSD operating wind turbine (Live Lab) for Health Monitoring Research

Control of Bolt

Torque at joints


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Today(23 m height)

Tomorrow

(> 55 m height)

Thank you!

Ahmed Elgamal

[email protected]

Potential Future Research
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]

Elgamal_CWEC2010

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