Elements vs. Compounds - Weeblymskingmadsciencelab.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/4/4/254… · ·...
Transcript of Elements vs. Compounds - Weeblymskingmadsciencelab.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/4/4/254… · ·...
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Elements vs.
CompoundsUNIT 1
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Objective
SCI.6.5A Know that an element is a pure
substance represented by chemical symbols.
SCI.6.5B Recognize that a limited number of the many known elements comprise the largest
portion of solid Earth, living matter, oceans, and
the atmosphere.
ⓈSCI.6.5C Differentiate between elements and compounds on the most basic level.
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Atoms, Elements, Compounds, and Ions
• Atom
• basic building block of all matter
• Element
•Substance that consists of only one type of atom.
•Molecule has two different atoms.
• Compound
• substance that consists of more than one type of
element.
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Pure Substance
Only one type of particle
Can’t be separated by physical changes
Examples:
Pure Water Gold
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Elements
All particles have the same number of protons
1 type of particle
All particles have identical properties
Examples:
Sulfur
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Atoms
Smallest particle of an element that has the same properties as the element
Building block of all larger particles.
Example:
A Single Copper
atom
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ElementsElements contain one or more of the same type of atom!
They are found on the periodic table
Examples include:
Oxygen – 8 protons per atom
Copper – 29 protons per atom
Gold – 79 protons per atom
Carbon – 6 protons per atom
Hydrogen – 1 proton per atom
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What the Square tells you
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The Symbol
It can be one capital
letter
Or one capital and
lower case
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Never EVER EVER
Will it be TWO capital letters
AL-wrongAl- correct
UUp- wrongUup-correct
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Families Periods
Columns of elements are called groups or families.
Elements in each family have similar but not identical properties.
For example, lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), and other members of family IA are all soft, white, shiny metals.
All elements in a family have the same number of valence electrons.
Each horizontal row of elements is called a period.
The elements in a period are not alike in properties.
In fact, the properties change greatly across even given row.
The first element in a period is always an extremely active solid. The last element in a period, is always an inactive gas.
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The Periodic Table
How many families/groups are on the periodic
table?
There are also periods on the periodic table
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How many periods are
there?
Most abundant
elements of Earth
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Most abundant
elements of
Earth
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What is abundant
It means the ones that are common on
Earth
Water
Living matter
Atmosphere
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Crust Whole Earth
•Oxygen(O) 46.3 % 29.5%
•Silicon (Si) 28.2% 15.2%
•Aluminum (Al) 8.2% 1.1%
•Iron (Fe) 5.6% 34.6%
•Calcium (Ca) 4.1% 1.1%
•Sodium (Na) 2.4% 0.6%
•Potassium (K) 2.1% 0.1%
•Magnesium (Mg) 2.3% 12.7%
•All others 0.5% 5.1%
Abundance of the Elements (wt. %):
Solid Earth
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Abundance of the Elements
(wt.%):
Living Things Human Alfalfa Bacteria
•Oxygen(O) 62.8% 77.9% 73.7%
•Carbon (C) 19.4% 11.3% 12.1%
•Hydrogen (H) 9.3% 8.7% 9.9%
•Nitrogen (N) 5.1% 0.8% 3.0%
•Phosphorous (P) 0.6% 0.7% 0.6%
•Sulfur (S) 0.6% 0.1% 0.3%
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Objective 3
ⓈSCI.6.5C Differentiate
between elements and
compounds on the most basic
level.
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Compounds contain more than one type of atom
chemically combined!
Carbon Dioxide – CO2 (1 atom of carbon and two atoms of oxygen)
Water – H2O (2 atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen)
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Chlorine Cl2
Hydrogen chloride HCl
Methane CH4
Carbon dioxide CO2
Draw a line between the molecule and its name.
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Element vs. Compound
Element
Only one type of Atom
Size of the atoms do not
matter
Compound
2 or MORE types of
atoms put together
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AN ELEMENT IS A SUBSTANCE THAT IS MADE FROM ONE KIND OF ATOM ONLY. IT CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN INTO SIMPLER SUBSTANCES.
An elementAn element
atom atom
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A compound is a substance that is made from more than one element.
atom atom
A compound made up of 2 different elements
A compound made up of 7 different elements
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A compound can be broken down into elements
A compound made up of 3 different elements
An element
An element
An element
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Material Made up of: Element or compound
Water Hydrogen and Oxygen
Coal Carbon
Carbon dioxide Carbon and Oxygen
Oxygen Oxygen
Chalk Calcium, Carbon & Oxygen
Wax Carbon & Hydrogen
Table salt Sodium & Chlorine
Caffeine Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen & Oxygen
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Material Element or compound
Water Compound
Coal Element
Carbon dioxide Compound
Oxygen Element
Chalk Compound
Wax Compound
Table salt Compound
Caffeine Compound
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So how many elements are
in the compound??
Hint count the capital
letters
1. 6.
2. 7.
3.
4. 8.
5. 9.
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What are the
numbers?The numbers just tell you
how many elements are in the compound
Example
H2O this means
There are 2 Hydrogen
1 Oxygen
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Now how many of each
element is present?
Hint now count the number
No number means it just
one
1. 6.
2. 7.
3.
4. 8.
5. 9.
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Now Let’s
REVIEW
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The Periodic Table is a useful way to arrange elements.
The vertical columns are called groups.
The horizontal rows are called periods.
Elements in the same group have similar properties.
There are no compounds on the periodic table
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Rules for chemical symbols in the periodic table:
1. The symbol is usually the first one or two letters of the name.
2. The first letter of a symbol id always a capital letter.
3. The second letter of a symbol is always a small letter.
4. Every element has a different symbol.
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Now look in your periodic table and find the symbols of the following elements
Copper ……..
Iron ………..
Magnesium ………..
Chlorine ………..
Carbon …………
Sodium …….
Lead ……….
Gold ………
Calcium ……..
Fluorine ……….
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Now look in your periodic table and find name that corresponds to the following symbol:
Fe ……..
Mg ………..
Ag ………..
K ………..
C …………
Ca …….
Na ……….
N ………
Ne ……..
Pb ……….
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THE PERIODIC TABLE
Q1. THE SYMBOL OF NITROGEN IS:
A. NA B. N C. NI
Q2. HG IS THE SYMBOL OF:
A. HYDROGEN B. HELIUM C. MERCURY
Q3. WATER IS NOT IN THE PERIODIC TABLE BECAUSE:
A. IT IS A LIQUID SUBSTANCE B. IT IS A NATURAL SUBSTANCE
C. IT IS A COMPOUND NOT AN ELEMENT
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THE PERIODIC TABLE
Q1. THE SYMBOL OF NITROGEN IS:
A. NA B. N C. NI
Q2. HG IS THE SYMBOL OF:
A. HYDROGEN B. HELIUM C. MERCURY
Q3. WATER IS NOT IN THE PERIODIC TABLE BECAUSE:
A. IT IS A LIQUID SUBSTANCE B. IT IS A NATURAL SUBSTANCE
C. IT IS A COMPOUND NOT AN ELEMENT
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Element Guide
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Element Guide
2
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Element Guide
2
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Element Guide
2
Atomic number
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Element Guide
2
Atomic number
He
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Element Guide
2
Atomic Number-tells
what element it is. (also
the atomic number)
He
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Element Guide
2
Atomic Number-tells
what element it is. (also
the atomic number)
HeExplains name of the
element.
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Element Guide
2
Atomic Number-tells
what element it is. (also
the atomic number)
HeExplains name of the
element.
4
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Element Guide
2
Proton Number-tells
what element it is. (also
the atomic number)
HeExplains name of the
element.
4
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Element Guide
2
Proton Number-tells
what element it is. (also
the atomic number)
HeExplains name of the
element.
4Explains the total
atomic weight
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Element Guide
2
Proton Number-tells
what element it is. (also
the atomic number)
HeExplains name of the
element.
4Explains the total
atomic weight