Elements & Their Properties John Newlands 1837-1898 Dmitri Mendeleev.
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Transcript of Elements & Their Properties John Newlands 1837-1898 Dmitri Mendeleev.
Elements & Their Properties
John Newlands1837-1898h
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Dmitri Mendeleev1834-1907h
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Henry Moselev1887-1915h
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-the ________ _____ was _________ in the ____ ______ to _____ ______ by _______ _______ _____________, _______ _______ _______________, and _______ _________ _____________, whose ___________ of ________ is used _____
Periodic Table developedlate 1800’s early 1900’s Englishchemist John Newlands Russianchemist Dmitri Mendeleev Englishphysicist Henry Moseleyarrangement elements today
http://www.csudh.edu/oliver/chemdata/periodic/periodic-1.htm
Elements & Their Properties
I. Metals -______ are ______ to the ____ of the ____-____ ____ on the ________ _____
metals found left stair step linePeriodic Table
http://www.csudh.edu/oliver/chemdata/periodic/periodic-1.htm
Elements & Their Properties
I. Metals -______ are ______ to the ____ of the ____-____ ____ on the ________ _____
metals found left stair step linePeriodic Table
Metals
http://www.csudh.edu/oliver/chemdata/periodic/periodic-1.htm
Elements & Their Properties
I. Metals -______ are _____ __________ of ____ and _________, are ______ at _____ ___________ (______ ________), are _______, _________, and ______
metals good conductors heat electricitysolids room temperature except Mercury
Metals
lustrous malleable ductile
Elements & Their Properties
I. Metals -many of the _________ of ______ are ________ by the ____ that the _____ of ______ are actually ____ ________ into a ________ ________ _________ ______ called a _______ ______, in which a _____ ______ _____-_____ ________ are ___ ____ to its _______, but ______ _____ ______ the _____ ____ in an _______ _____
properties metals explained factatoms metals ions arranged
regularly repeating geometric pattern crystallattice metal atom’s outer level electronsnot held nucleus freely move amongmetal ions electron cloud
Electron flow =electrical currentw/low resistance
Elements & Their Properties
I. Metals
A. Alkali Metals-the ______ ______ belong to ______ __ of the _______ _____, each ____ having ___ _______ in its _____-_____ ______ _____, which it _____ to _____ an ___ with a __ ______
Alkali Metals Group 1Periodic Table atom one electron
outer most energy levelloses form ion 1+ charge
-the ______ ______ are the most _______ of all ______, so they ____ _____ in ______ ________ in _____ __________, and because they have __ ___ _____-_____ ______ _____ ________, the ________ of the ______ ______ to the ___ of __________ ________ is the _______ of all ______, giving the _____ ______ the ______ _______ _____ __________, ______ _______, and _____ ________
Alkali Metals reactivemetals only occur nature
combined ionic compoundsso few outer most energy level
electrons attraction atomic nucleisea delocalized electrons
weakest metals Alkali Metalslowest melting point temperature
lowest density lowest hardness
Elements & Their Properties
I. Metals
B. Alkali Earth Metals -the ________ _____ ______ belong to _____ __ of the _______ _____, each ____ having ___ _____-_____ ______ _____ ________, which it _____ to _____ an ___ with a __ ______
Alkaline MetalsGroup 2 Periodic Tableatom two
electronsouter most energy
level loses formion 2+ charge
Earth
-the ________ _____ ______ have ________ ___ _______ ______, ___ ________, ___ ________, and ________ ____ ________
Alkaline MetalsEarthrelatively low melting points lowdensities low hardness relativelyhigh reactivity
Group II metalMagnesium burnswith the brilliant
white light seen insome fireworks, while
Group II metalStrontium burns to
produce the intensered light seen inother fireworks
http://www.bigfoto.com/themes/fireworks/index.htm
Elements & Their Properties
I. Metals
C. Transition Elements -the __________ ________ belong to ______ _-__ on the ________ _____
Transition ElementsGroups 3 12 Periodic Table
Elements & Their Properties
I. Metals
C. Transition Elements -the _____ of _________ ________ have their ____ _______ in __ or __ _________
atoms Transition Elementslast electron d f suborbitals
Transition Elements
InnerTransitionElements
Elements & Their Properties
I. Metals
C. Transition Elements -___ __________ ________ have ___ ________ in their _____-____ ______ _____, but are also able to _________ their __ _______ ________ to their ___ of __________ _________, so the ________ between their ____ and their ____ of ________ is much _______, giving them ______ ________, ______ _______ _____ ____________, ______ ________, and making them ____ and ____ ________
all Transition Elements twoelectrons outer most energylevel contribute
d orbital electrons seadelocalized electrons
attraction ionsseas electrons stronger
higher densities highermelting point temperatures higherhardness lessless reactive
Gold was discovered earlyand is highly prized for its
nonreactive properties,its also extremely dense
and highly malleable
Tungsten is usedfor light bulb
filamentsbecause of itsextremely high
meltingpoint temperature
Osmium, the hardestmetal, used in antique phonograph needles,
and spent uranium used in armor-piercingprojectiles because ofboth its hardness and
its extreme density
http://www.theodoregray.com/periodicTable/Elements/076/index.html
http://theodoregray.com/PeriodicTable/Elements/092/index.html#sample1
http://www.theodoregray.com/periodicTable/Elements/074/index.html#sample14
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutankhamun
Elements & Their Properties
II. Nonmetals
http://www.csudh.edu/oliver/chemdata/periodic/periodic-1.htm
Metals
Nonmetals
-_________ are ______ to the _____ of the ____-____ ____ on the ________ _____
nonmetals found right stair stepline Periodic Table
Elements & Their Properties
II. Nonmetals nonmetals-_________ are usually _____ or ______ ______ at _____ ___________, ____ __________ of _________ and ____, and they are ___ ________, _________, or ______
gases brittle solidsroom temperature poor conductors electricity
heat not lustrous malleableductile
-since _________ have ________ ____ ______________, they can ______ ________ to form _____ __________, or they can _____ ________ to form _______ __________
nonmetals relatively high electronegativityaccept electrons ionic compounds
share electrons covalent compounds
Diamond, the hardest known naturalsubstance, can only by cut by otherdiamond. At left a 20-carat roughdiamond is cut into the 7.6-carat
finished diamond at the right.
http://www.diamondschool.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=34&Itemid=59
Elements & Their Properties
II. Nonmetals
A. The Halogens --the _________ belong to ______ ___ of the _______ _____, each ____ having __ ________ in its _____-_____ ______ _____, to which it ____ ___ ________ to _____ an ___ with a __ ______, or each _____ ______ ___ _______ to form a ______ ________ _____
Halogens Group 17Periodic Table atom 7 electrons
outer most energy leveladds form ion 1-charge
one electronatom shares one electron
single covalent bond
-________, ________, ________, and ______ are ____ of the _____ ________ that ______ as ________ _________
Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodinefour seven elements occur
diatomic moleculesChlorine, or
Cl2, is agreenish-yellow gas
at roomtemperature
and pressure,while fluorineis a purple-colored gas
Bromine, Br2, is a brownish-
orange vaporous liquid
at roomtemperature
and pressure,while iodine is a
sublimating purple solid
Elements & Their Properties
II. Nonmetals
B. The Noble Gases -the ___________ belong to _____ ___ of the _______ _____, each ____ having __ ________ in its _____-_____ ______ _____, (except _______, which has a ____ _____- ____ ______ _____ with __ ________)
Noble Gases Group 18Periodic Table atom 8electrons outer most energy level
Helium full outermost energy level 2 electrons
-___________ are very ____ on _____, even though ______ is the ___-_____ ________ _______ in the ________
Noble Gases rare EarthHelium 2nd most abundant
universe
-___________ are _____ (do ___ _____ __________); only _______ and ______ can be ______ to form __________
Noble Gases inert not reactchemically Krypton Xenon
forced compounds
element
Noble Gases are often used to preventchemical reactions. At left, Neon is
exposed to high-voltages and convertedfrom a gas to a plasma, which conducts
electricity and produces the characteristic red light of Neon lights
Elements & Their Properties
II. Nonmetals
C. Other Nonmetals-all ______ ______ are made up ________ of _______, _______, _________, and _______
living things primarilyCarbon Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen
-_________ is the _____ ________ _______ in the ________, making up ____ of all the ______ in the ________ (found _______ up _____ of the _____)
Hydrogen most abundant elementuniverse 90%
matter universe makingmost stars
Elements & Their Properties
II. Nonmetals
C. Other Nonmetals-_________ is also very _______, _______, ______, or _____ _____ _______ ________ to form _____ or ________ __________
Hydrogen reactive gaininglosing most often sharing electrons
ionic covalent compounds
-________ makes up ____ of the __________, and is so _________ it is often __________ the other _________
Nitrogen 79%atmosphere unreactivenicknamed Noble Gas
-_______ makes up ____ of the __________, and is the most ________ ____ ________ _______ on _____
Oxygen 21%atmosphere abundant veryreactive element Earth
-_________, ________, and _______ occur in their _________ _____ as ________ ________
Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygenelemental form diatomic
moleculesThe crash of the Hindenburg, (the
largest aircraft ever to fly) in 1937 inLakehurst, New Jersey demonstrates the flammability of Hydrogen and the
support of combustion by Oxygen. 35people died, yet 62 passengers and
crew survived.